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From Self-sufficiency
- ...ns predecessor agency. It is one of the most effective orally-administered opioid analgesics and has a wide safety margin. Its strength ranges from 8 to 12 p ...otably morphine, exert their effects by binding to and activating the μ-[[opioid receptor]].40 KB (5,581 words) - 16:45, 27 September 2010
- ...sometimes added to potentially addictive drugs, particularly anti-diarrhea opioid drugs such as [[diphenoxylate]] or [[difenoxin]], wherein the secretion-red [[hu:Atropin]]16 KB (2,198 words) - 16:46, 27 September 2010
- ...or=Hirota K, Sikand KS, Lambert DG |title=Interaction of ketamine with mu2 opioid receptors in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells |journal=Journal of Anesthes ...nting side effects.<ref name="elia" /> The combination of ketamine with an opioid is, however, particularly useful for pain caused by cancer.<ref>{{Cite jour69 KB (9,697 words) - 21:01, 24 September 2010
- ...own effects on serotonin, fluoxetine also increases density of endogenous opioid receptors<ref>{{cite journal |author=de Gandarias JM, Echevarría E, Acebes [[hu:Fluoxetin]]52 KB (7,168 words) - 16:47, 27 September 2010
- ==== Opioid and cannabinoid transmission ==== [[Opioid]] and [[cannabinoid]] transmission instead of dopamine may modulate consumm48 KB (6,470 words) - 16:48, 27 September 2010
- ...ite journal| author=Volans G, Hartley V, McCrea S, Monaghan J. | title=Non-opioid analgesic poisoning | journal=Clinical Medicine | year=2003 | pages=119–2 [[hu:Ibuprofén]]29 KB (3,955 words) - 22:17, 21 September 2010
- ...of N<sub>2</sub>O.<ref name="branda"/> Several experiments have shown that opioid receptor antagonists applied directly to the brain block the antinociceptiv ...1463.x}}</ref> Exactly how N<sub>2</sub>O causes the release of endogenous opioid peptides is still uncertain.61 KB (8,728 words) - 16:50, 27 September 2010
- *Other [[opiate]]s and [[opioid]]s ([[narcotic]]s or [[analgesic]]s) ...]] [[analgesic]] [[medication]] and is considered to be the prototypical [[opioid]]. It was discovered in 1804 by Sertürner, first distributed by same in 187 KB (12,376 words) - 16:51, 27 September 2010
- ...[[common cold|cold]] and [[Influenza|flu]] remedies. In combination with [[opioid analgesic]]s, paracetamol can also be used in the management of more severe In some formulations, paracetamol is combined with the [[opioid]] [[codeine]], sometimes referred to as [[co-codamol]] ([[British Approved54 KB (7,376 words) - 16:52, 27 September 2010
- ...etoacidosis]], [[meningitis]], [[methemoglobinemia]], or [[Opioid overdose|opioid]] or toxic alcohol poisoning.<ref name="emedicine"/> [[hu:Szénmonoxid-mérgezés]]71 KB (9,723 words) - 21:31, 20 September 2010
- '''Endorphins''' ("'''endo'''genous mo'''rphin'''e") are [[endogenous]] [[opioid]] [[peptide]]s that function as [[neurotransmitters]].<ref>Oswald Steward: [[Opioid peptide|Opioid neuropeptides]] were first discovered in 1974 by two independent groups of18 KB (2,467 words) - 22:06, 21 September 2010
- ...ed to relieve minor throat irritation. Menthol also acts as a weak [[kappa Opioid receptor]] [[agonist]]. ...esic]] properties that are mediated through a selective activation of κ-[[opioid receptors]].<ref>{{cite journal | author = Galeottia, N., Mannellia, L.D.C.15 KB (2,008 words) - 22:07, 21 September 2010
- ...ist [[rimonabant]] (SR141716A) as well as [[opioid receptor]] antagonists (opioid blockers) [[naloxone]] and [[naloxonazine]].<ref name="Lupica 2004">{{cite ...d YL|date=2007|title=Adolescent cannabis exposure alters opiate intake and opioid limbic neuronal populations in adult rats|journal=Neuropsychopharmacology|v50 KB (6,686 words) - 22:09, 21 September 2010
- ...spx?CdrID=41911 US National Cancer Institute, Drug Dictionary]</ref> is an opioid [[medication|drug]] effective against [[diarrhea]] resulting from [[gastroe ...an [[opioid]]-receptor [[agonist]] and acts on the [[Mu Opioid receptor|μ-opioid receptors]] in the [[myenteric plexus]] of the large intestine; by itself i7 KB (989 words) - 22:12, 21 September 2010
- ...diction in higher dosages (>2 mg) and to control moderate pain in non-opioid tolerant individuals in lower dosages (~200 µg). ...uprenorphine's high-dose sublingual pill preparations, were approved for [[opioid]] addiction treatment in September 2006. In the [[Netherlands]], Buprenorph59 KB (8,561 words) - 22:13, 21 September 2010
- ...ereof and, therefore, a semi-synthetic drug. It is, in medical terms, an [[opioid]] analgesic and, in legal terms, a [[narcotic]]. It should not be confused ...eating]].<ref name="rxlist.com"/> Massive overdoses are rarely observed in opioid-tolerant individuals, but, when they occur, they may lead to circulatory sy38 KB (5,300 words) - 22:13, 21 September 2010
- ...addition, it is a synthetic strong agonist at the [[mu opioid receptor|μ-opioid]] receptors. Historically it has been used to treat [[breakthrough pain|chr ...tanyl by assaying analogues of the structurally-related drug pethidine for opioid activity.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1021/jm040195b|url=http://www.pauljanss33 KB (4,684 words) - 21:01, 24 September 2010
- ...chemically unlike [[morphine]] or [[heroin]], methadone also acts on the [[opioid receptor]]s and thus produces many of the same effects. Methadone is also u ...on of effect. Oral doses of methadone can stabilise patients by mitigating opioid [[withdrawal]] syndrome. Higher doses of methadone can block the euphoric e61 KB (8,865 words) - 22:13, 21 September 2010
- ...nits - this may well be mediated by the lack of related efficacy at the mu-opioid receptor, though the NMDAR certainly does play a role in transmission of pa [[hu:Fenciklidin]]21 KB (3,002 words) - 21:02, 24 September 2010
- ...potential]];<ref name="Zhang2005pabs" /><ref name="Valdés1983" /> as a κ-opioid agonist. ...ot contain a [[Base (chemistry)|basic]] [[nitrogen]]), unlike most known [[opioid receptor]] [[ligand]]s.<ref name="Harding2006p107">[[#refHarding2006|Hardin133 KB (18,241 words) - 22:14, 21 September 2010
- ...de a possible synergy of analgesic effects between hydrocodone and the non-opioid compounds present. However, the effectiveness and safety of hydrocodone com ...thadone linctus, about 33 percent the concentration of the liquid used for opioid physical dependence maintenance or detoxification) and [[dihydrocodeine]] b30 KB (4,151 words) - 22:14, 21 September 2010
- ...oid]] analgesic. It is also a [[stereoisomer]] of [[levomethorphan]], an [[opioid]] [[analgesic]]. It is named according to [[IUPAC]] rules as (+)-3-methoxy ...r|μ]]-, [[delta-Opioid receptor|δ]]-, and [[kappa-Opioid receptor|κ]]-[[opioid receptor]] [[agonist]] (K<sub>i</sub> = 1,280 nM, 11,500 nM, and 7,000 nM,26 KB (3,444 words) - 22:15, 21 September 2010
- ...pproaches and many others relevant to each case. Even the addition of the opioid [[tramadol]] to topical preparations is not known to be an adequate replace [[hu:Ketoprofén]]11 KB (1,457 words) - 22:16, 21 September 2010
- ...al anesthesia. Its use is not associated with nausea as is often seen with opioid medications. These characteristics of rapid onset and recovery along with i [[hu:Propofol]]21 KB (2,875 words) - 21:03, 24 September 2010
- ...ynorphin may play a role in the inhibition of dopamine release via [[kappa opioid receptor]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Mamelak M |title=Gammahydroxybutyra [[hu:GHB]]55 KB (7,839 words) - 21:04, 24 September 2010
- ...y 1990s it was hypothesized that [[autism]] can be caused or aggravated by opioid peptides.<ref>{{cite journal |author= Reichelt KL, Knivsberg A-M, Lind G, N [[hu:Sajt]]51 KB (7,545 words) - 19:38, 13 October 2010