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...on, acetylcysteine acts to reduce mucus viscosity by splitting [[disulfide bond]]s linking proteins present in the mucus (mucoproteins). ...ki M, Nowak D|title=Long-term administration of N-acetylcysteine decreases hydrogen peroxide exhalation in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|

...dium|Na]]₂[[Sulfur|S]]₂[[Oxygen|O]]₃•5[[Hydrogen|H]]₂[[Oxygen|O]], an [[efflorescent]], [[monoclinic]] crystallin ...ears significant negative charge and the S-O interactions have more double bond character. The first protonation of thiosulfate occurs at sulfur.

...acterial cell wall precursor, in green) bound to vancomycin (blue) through hydrogen bonds. Reported by Knox and Pratt in Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother., 1990 1 ...an load and extend the [[protein]] by one amino acid through the [[amide]] bond formation at the contact sites of the activating domains.<ref name="pmid954

...bond|covalent]] linkage. It is hypothesized that hydrogen bonds and π-π bond interactions between [[naphthoquinone]] and the aromatic amino acids are th

...Amphotericin A is almost identical to Amphotericin B [ having a double C=C bond between the 27th and 28th carbon ] but has little anti-fungal acitvity. ...monovalent ion ([[potassium|K⁺]], [[sodium|Na⁺]], [[hydrogen|H⁺]], [[chloride|Cl^-]]) leakage, which is the primary

...or the adsorption of H₂S and [[thiol]]s. Adsorption rates for [[Hydrogen sulfide|H₂S]] as high as 50% by weight have been reported. ...capacity for some inorganic (and problematic organic) compounds such as [[hydrogen sulfide]] (H₂S), ammonia (NH₃), formaldehyde (HCOH),

...n bonds with two neighboring molecules instead of one. With respect to the hydrogen bonds formed by the [[carboxylic acid]] groups both polymorphs form identic

...d a new acid, which could be used to reconstitute the dye. The new acid, [[hydrogen cyanide]], first isolated from Prussian blue in pure form and characterized ...present in the unit cell, either as isolated molecules or [[hydrogen bond|hydrogen bonded]] to the coordinated water.

| OtherNames = Acetyl hydroxide (AcOH), Hydrogen acetate (HAc), Ethylic acid, Methanecarboxylic acid<br /> To emphasize the role of the active hydrogen in forming the salt sodium acetate, some people write the molecular formula

| ImageName1 = Nitrous oxide's bond lengths ...environmental protection. Greener processes may prevail that substitute [[hydrogen peroxide]] for nitric acid oxidation; hence no generation of oxide of nitro

As a solid, AZT forms a [[hydrogen bond]]ed network of base-paired [[Dimer (chemistry)|dimer]]s; its crystal struct

...olved in water. Along with chlorine, this [[chloralkali process]] yields [[hydrogen]] gas and [[sodium hydroxide]], according to the [[chemical equation]] It is held together by an [[ionic bond]] which is produced by [[electrostatic force]]s arising from the difference

...p> adopt more complex structures due to (i) the formation of an additional bond to water, i.e. seven-coordinate complexes, or (ii) the displacement of one ...specially Mn²⁺, from catalyzing the [[disproportionation]] of [[hydrogen peroxide]], which is used in "chlorine-free bleaching." In similar manner,

...mation show that most of its unusual properties result from the [[hydrogen bond]] between neighbouring water molecules,<ref name="MCavelleri">{{Citation |title=Local Structure of Hydrogen-Bonded Liquids

...re highly oriented along the fiber axis, so the strength of the [[chemical bond]] can be exploited. ...is a long-chain synthetic polyamide in which at least 85% of the [[peptide bond|amide linkages, (-CO-NH-)]] are attached directly to two aromatic rings.</b

...mechanical pulp. By mixing with water and applying mechanical action the [[hydrogen]] bonds in the paper can be broken and fibres separated again. Most recycle *[[Bond paper]]

...ueous [[solution]], leaving the surface silicon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen. ...unlike a 'clean surface' having unpassivated surface atoms, or [[dangling bond]]s. It is so [[inert]] that it can be handled in the air without any specia

[[Solid]]s can be classified according to the nature of the [[Chemical bond|bonding]] between their atomic or molecular components. The traditional cla | chapter = The Concept of the Chemical Bond in Solids

...yelectrolytes. LbL deposition has also been accomplished using [[hydrogen bond]]ing instead of [[electrostatic]]s.

...SPIE |volume=3999|page=1120}}</ref> or [[Carbon-carbon bond|carbon double-bond]] [[chromophore]]s <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/Virtu ...primary [[ionizing radiation]] have energies sufficient to dissociate this bond, causing scission. In addition, the low-energy electrons have a longer phot

...takes place is known as a [[condensation reaction]]. Phosphate [[chemical bond]]s are typically high-energy [[covalent]] bonds, which means that energy is

...-)[[covalent bond]]s: [[Hydrogen bond]]s, [[Van der Waals bond]]s, [[ionic bond]]s, [[hydrophobic interaction]]s, [[pi-pi interaction]]s *[[Chemical extraction]] of target molecule and [[hydrolysis]] of [[covalent bond]]s

...ence of valent cations in the solution will impede the polymers ability to bond with the water molecule.

...em]] of bonds, [[carbonyl group]]s and so on. [[NMR spectroscopy]] detects hydrogen atoms in specific environments, and complements both IR and UV spectroscopy ...nown as [[ozonolysis]] when one molecule of the gas reacts with the double bond:

...polymers can be linear or branched are typically joined with [[glycosidic bond]]s. However, the exact placement of the linkage can vary and the orientatio ...menon known as retrogradation is observed. This is a reorganization of the hydrogen bonds and an aligning of the molecular chains during cooling. In extreme ca

...atalyzed carbocationic polymerization typically using aluminum chloride or hydrogen halide acid such as HF. So called "high reactivity" polybutene or PIB is pr One of the end units in the polymer chain contains a double bond, allowing reactivity with other compounds to provide functional chemistry m

...stiffness]], the use of [[Chemical polarity|polar]] [[monomers]], and/or [[hydrogen bonding]] between the [[polymer]] chains can all enhance fire-resistance.<r ...om heat because the chains do not necessarily fall apart if one [[covalent bond]] is broken. However, this makes the processing of ladder [[polymers]] diff

...astomer polymers is a weaker [[Intermolecular force|dipole]] or [[hydrogen bond]] or takes place in one of the phases of the material.

...tself a [[polymer]] — containing [[silicon]] together with [[carbon]], [[hydrogen]], and [[oxygen]]. ...[[polyoxymethylene]] (a structurally similar polymer) due to its higher [[bond energy]].

...ntEd 1998 v37 p75.jpg|thumbnail|250px|An example of a quadruple [[hydrogen bond]]s reported by Meijer and coworkers in Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1998, 37, p 75 ...bonding. One system that has been demonstrated uses quadruple [[hydrogen bond]]s to form supramolecular polymers.

...eating [[structural unit]]s typically connected by [[covalent]] [[chemical bond]]s. While ''polymer'' in popular usage suggests [[plastic]], the term actua ...polysaccharide]]s (e.g. [[cellulose]]) are joined together by [[glycosidic bond]]s via oxygen atoms.

...ial applications for [[metal-organic framework]]s (MOF's) in areas such as hydrogen storage. ...intermolecular force]]s tend to be weak, with a long equilibrium distance (bond length) compared to [[covalent bonds]]. The pi-pi interactions between [[b

...to deposit [[crystal]]s. The viscosity arises from the multiple [[hydrogen bond]]s between the dissolved sugar, which has many [[hydroxyl]] (OH) groups, an

...the [[repeating unit]]. Note, however, that the C−H [[Molecular geometry|bond angles]] are not 90° as this diagram would indicate, but are approximately ...tween the two systems is due to the ''opening up'' of the monomer's double bond upon polymerization.

...p''³ configuration, as opposed to graphene's ''sp''² bond configuration, thus graphane is a 2-D analog of cubic [[diamond]]. Graphan ...contrast to two-sided graphane.<ref name="Graphane"/> Annealing allows the hydrogen to disperse, reverting to graphene.<ref>[[Kostya Novoselov]]. "Beyond the w

|Hydrogen || 10 to 14% ...hydrogen, these processes generally involve removing carbon from or adding hydrogen to the molecules, and using [[fluid catalytic cracking]] to convert the lon

...tions between the ions and the electron cloud, which are called [[metallic bond]]s.<ref name="morty">{{cite book| author = Mortimer, Charles E.|title = Che ...ae]]. The [[Sun]] and the [[Milky Way Galaxy]] are composed of roughly 74% hydrogen, 24% helium, and 2% "metals" (the rest of the elements; atomic numbers 3-11

[[Image:Metallic bond Zn.svg|thumb|right|200px|Metallic bonding is found in metals like [[zinc]]. ...title -->]</ref><ref>[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/chemical/bond.html Chemical Bonds<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.phys

.../sub>)_n; it contains the [[chemical elements]] [[carbon]] and [[hydrogen]]. Because it is an [[aromatic hydrocarbon]], it burns with an orange-yello ...ttach to form a polystyrene chain (with each carbon attached with a single bond to two other carbons and a phenyl group).

...Lee KJ, Jeong HG |title=Protective effects of kahweol and cafestol against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage |journal=Toxicol. Lett. |v ...ulic acid]] and 3,4 dimethoxycinnamic acid which are connected by an ester-bond to the [[hydroxyl]] groups of [[quinic acid]] (1alpha, 3R, 4alpha, 5R-tetra

of the molecules is produced which leads to the bursting of the hydrogen bridges; ...he moisture balance occurring within the yarn, salt is liberated again and hydrogen bridges are formed. Now the individual polypeptide chains can no longer be

...(molecule)|water]]; it has the same properties and the same [[ratio]] of [[hydrogen]] to [[oxygen]] whether it is isolated from a river or made in a [[laborato ...structure|crystalline lattice]]. Compounds based primarily on carbon and hydrogen atoms are called [[organic compound]]s, and all others are called [[inorgan

...motif as [[cadmium iodide]]. The layers are interconnected by [[hydrogen bond]]s.

...aged by exposure to water. While it can be waterproofed through [[Covalent bond|covalent]] [[waterproofing]], if waterproofing is absent or if the waterpro * Blueboard, blue face paper forms a strong bond with a skim coat or a built-up plaster finish providing both water and mold

...industrially synthesized by reducing the corresponding [[nitrophenol]] by hydrogen in the presence of various catalysts. The nitrophenols can also be reduced The compound contains an internal [[hydrogen bonding|hydrogen bond]] between the neighbouring amine and hydroxyl groups that partly co-ordinat

...tionic component of a tecton used to build a porous [[anionic]] [[Hydrogen Bond]]ed Network. ({{doi|10.1021/ja042233m}})

...hydrogen atoms removed from carbon number 2, leaving two vacant [[chemical bond]]s — which makes it a [[carbene]].

The epoxy cycle of ethylene oxide is an almost regular triangle with bond angles of about 60° and a significant angular stress corresponding to the ...nergy required to break two C–O bonds in the ethylene oxide or one C–O bond in [[ethanol]] and [[dimethyl ether]]:<ref>{{cite book

...]-[[annulene]] ([6]-annulene), a cyclic hydrocarbon with a continuous [[pi bond]]. It is also related to the functional group [[arene]] which is a generali ...uthor= [[Michael Faraday|M. Faraday]]|title=On New Compounds of Carbon and Hydrogen, and on Certain Other Products Obtained during the Decomposition of Oil by

...e in which each atom is bound to each of the other three atoms by a single bond. This unstable allotrope, being molecular, is the most volatile, least [[De ...m sulfur and other chalcogens is achieved by sublimation in vacuum or in a hydrogen atmosphere or by distillation from molten lead-arsenic mixture.<ref>{{cite

Chromium, unlike metals such as iron and nickel, does not suffer from [[hydrogen embrittlement]]. However, it does suffer from nitrogen embrittlement, react Chromium(VI) compounds in solution can be detected by adding an acidic [[hydrogen peroxide]] solution. The unstable dark blue [[chromium(VI) peroxide]] (CrO<

...hyde is a naturally occurring substance in the environment made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Natural processes in the upper [[Earth's atmosphere|atmosphere] When combined with hydrogen sulfide it forms [[trithiane]].<ref>{{OrgSynth | last1 = Bost | first1 = R.

...of four [[pyrrole]] rings joined together by four methine (=[[Carbon|C]][[Hydrogen|H]]&mdash;) [[functional group|group]]s to form a larger [[macrocycle]] rin ...m]]s, all of which are part of a [[Conjugated system|conjugated]] [[double bond]] system, giving the [[molecule]] its aromatic character. [[Resonance stru

Catechol is produced industrially by the hydroxylation of [[phenol]] using [[hydrogen peroxide]]:<ref name=Ullmann>Helmut Fiegel, Heinz-Werner Voges, Toshikazu H ...derivative, [[guaiacol]], converts to catechol via hydrolysis of the CH3-O bond as promoted by [[hydriodic acid]].{{Fact|date=October 2007}}

| title = Mechanism of Phosphorus-Carbon Bond Cleavage by Lithium in Tertiary Phosphines. An Optimized Synthesis of 1, 2- Treatment of dppe with conventional oxidants such as [[hydrogen peroxide]] (H₂O₂), aqueous [[bromine]] (Br<sub>2</sub

...limited coordination capacity and can form less than eight [[coordination bond]]s with [[ligand]]s. So, after forming a complex with a metal, DTPA still h ..., DTPA is mainly used for sequestering metal ions that otherwise decompose hydrogen peroxide, which is used to bleach pulp in paper making. Several million ki

...high in nonpolar solvents; the keto form becomes more favorable in polar, hydrogen-bonding solvents, such as water.<ref>''Solvents and Solvent Effects in Orga ...ons, D.W. and Steiner, W. "Acetylacetone-Cleaving Enzyme Dke1: A Novel C-C-Bond-Cleaving Enzyme." Biochem. J. 369 (2003) 573-581 {{DOI|10.1042/BJ20021047}}

...p> adopt more complex structures due to (i) the formation of an additional bond to water, i.e. seven-coordinate complexes, or (ii) the displacement of one ...specially Mn²⁺, from catalyzing the [[disproportionation]] of [[hydrogen peroxide]], which is used in "chlorine-free bleaching." In similar manner,

...camethylferrocene attached mechanically to a graphite electrode | author = Bond AM, Marken F | title = Mechanistic aspects of the electron and ion transpor ...get reasonable correlations, the most common elements contained in drugs (hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and halogens) are divided into several d

...molecules of [[water (molecule)|water]] (H₂O) are split into [[hydrogen]] [[cation]]s (H⁺) (conventionally referred to as [[proton]]s) a ...mpounds). It should not be confused with [[hydrogenolysis]], a reaction of hydrogen.

...petition for the ligand, L, between the metal ion, Mⁿ⁺, and the hydrogen ion, H⁺. This means that there are two simultaneous equilibria t Hence by following the hydrogen ion concentration during a [[titration]] of a mixture of M and HL with [[Ba

...intermolecular interactions]] between the two molecules such as [[hydrogen bond]]ing, [[electrostatic| electrostatic interactions]], [[hydrophobic]] and [[

...cetate]] ion and the [[hydronium]] ion. Red: oxygen, black: carbon, white: hydrogen.]] ...to A⁻, known as the [[conjugate base]] of the acid, and the [[hydrogen ion]] or [[proton]], H⁺, which, in the case of aqueous solutions

...ulfide|H₂S]], [[hydrogen telluride|H₂Te]], and the [[hydrogen halide|hydrohalic acids]]. However, Davy failed to develop a new theory, co === Liebig's hydrogen theory of acids ===

::[H₃O⁺] = molarity of hydrogen or hydronium ion, and ...ter molecules by the [[Grotthuss mechanism]]; and a change in the hydrogen bond network in the solvent isolates the two ions, which are stabilized by solva

This law is strictly valid only under the assumption that the [[chemical bond|chemical interactions]] ''between'' the two liquids is equal to the bonding ...chloroform and acetone show such an attraction by formation of a hydrogen bond.

...ut in water, a [[covalent]] bond between an [[electronegative]] atom and a hydrogen atom is broken by [[heterolytic fission]], which gives a proton and a negat

...ase (chemistry)|base]] is a species with the ability to gain or "accept" a hydrogen cation (proton). ...or nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons that can be used to form a bond with a proton.

...s [[nitrogenase]]. Much energy is needed initially to break the N-N triple bond even though the overall reaction is exothermic. ...ecies of citric acid as a function of p H. Citric acid has three ionisable hydrogen atoms and thus three p K A values. Below the lowest p K A, the triply proto

...in hemoglobin form alpha helices, connected by short non-helical segments. Hydrogen bonds stabilize the helical sections inside this protein, causing attractio ...ng. A sixth position can reversibly bind oxygen by a [[coordinate covalent bond]],<ref>[http://wikipremed.com/interdisciplinary_course.php?code=02130001000

...e stabilization of the [[conjugate base]] by its formation of a [[hydrogen bond]] to the parent acid. A well known case is [[hydrofluoric acid]], which is

...reactive because nitrogen molecules are held together by strong [[Chemical bond|triple bonds]]. It was not until the early 20th century that this method wa ...cess, which is only concerned with synthesizing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen.

| title = Molecular hydrogen complexes: coordination of a σ bond to transition metals | title = Metal Dihydrogen and σ-Bond Complexes - Structure, Theory, and Reactivity

...n. This process proceeds with retention of configuration about the double bond. ...]]. Reductive elimination is the key product releasing step of several C-C bond formation coupling reactions.<ref>Organometallics, 2005, 24, 715. {{DOI|10.

...activation process for complexes that often limits their ability for [[C-H bond activation]]. The organic substituents also define a hydrophobic pocket ar ...ynes]]⁶, [[alkane dehydrogenation]]^7,8, and transfer hydrogen [[catalysis]].⁹ They have also recently been studied for their u

...es where the ligands in the first coordination ligands are strong hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors, e.g. respectively [Co(NH₃)₆]<su

...ies of the complex. '''[[X-ray crystallography]]''' is used to measure the bond distances between the metal and the ligands, which give insight into the sp Due to the change in the metal-to-ligand bond distance (M-L) between the HS and LS state, the vibrational modes of the M-

...ally-occurring [[carboxylic acid]] with [[chemical formula]] [[carbon|C]][[hydrogen|H]]₃CH₂C[[oxygen|O]]OH. It is a clear liquid with a ...y adding salt. As with acetic and formic acids, it consists of [[hydrogen bond]]ed pairs of molecules both as the liquid and vapor.

...] linked to each other to form a ring, with each carbon atom bearing two [[hydrogen]] atoms. Cyclopropane and [[propene]] have the same [[empirical formula]] b ...on of methylene [[carbene]]s {{Citation needed|date=January 2009}}. [[Bent bond]]s also describe the bonding in cyclopropane.

...from its oil-forming property). Because it contains a carbon-carbon double bond, ethylene is classified as an ''unsaturated hydrocarbon.'' Ethylene is wide ...about the C-C bond is a high energy process that requires breaking the π-bond.

...em of the low terrestrial xenon may potentially be explained by [[covalent bond]]ing of xenon to oxygen within [[quartz]], hence reducing the outgassing of ...ure process ([[s-process]]) of [[red giant]] stars that have exhausted the hydrogen at their cores and entered the [[asymptotic giant branch]],<ref>{{cite jour

...s the [[organic compound]] with [[chemical formula|formula]] [[Carbon|C]][[Hydrogen|H]][[Chlorine|Cl]]₃. The colorless, sweet-smelling, dense liquid ...G|last5=Snoeijs|first5=P|title=Effects of temperature on the production of hydrogen peroxide and volatile halocarbons by brackish-water algae.|volume=64|issue=

...bonds with the two carbon atoms. The elimination of double-bonds by adding hydrogen atoms is called ''[[saturated fat|saturation]]''; as the degree of [[satura ..., each carbon forming a new single-bond with a hydrogen atom. Adding these hydrogen atoms to the oil makes it more solid, raises the [[smoke point]], and makes