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• Mefloquine
  ...prolonged disruption of neuronal calcium homeostasis may lead to neuronal cell death and injury, it is reasonable to suppose that such events may contribu
  13 KB (1,807 words) - 16:41, 27 September 2010
• Lidocaine
  ...m channel|voltage gated sodium (Na⁺) channels]] in the neuronal cell membrane that are responsible for signal propagation<ref name="novartis">{{ ...S) and [[cardiovascular]] effects – CNS effects usually occur at lower [[blood plasma]] concentrations and additional cardiovascular effects present at hi
  15 KB (2,006 words) - 16:41, 27 September 2010
• Chloroquine
  ...ing malaria fever, its severity correlated to the malaria parasite load in blood. There is evidence that it has a genetic basis and is related to chloroquin ...r energy metabolism. Digestion is carried out in a vacuole of the parasite cell.
  16 KB (2,187 words) - 16:41, 27 September 2010
• Prednisolone
  ...d in virtually all tissues with variable numbers between 3000 - 10000 per cell depending on the tissue involved. Prednisolone can activate and influence b -Inhibition of gene transcription for COX-2, cytokines, cell adhesion molecules and inducible NO synthetase
  7 KB (872 words) - 16:41, 27 September 2010
• Acetylcysteine
  ...reathing difficulty (due to [[bronchospasm]]), [[hypotension|a decrease in blood pressure]], rash, [[angioedema]], and sometimes also nausea and vomiting.<r ...ts (NAC, [[vitamin C]] plus [[vitamin E]], or both) may prevent or delay b-cell dysfunction in diabetes by providing protection against [[glucose]] toxicit
  28 KB (3,682 words) - 16:42, 27 September 2010
• Deferoxamine
  ...76. PMID: 17850672</ref> and release of inflammatory mediators by specific cell types<ref>Choi EY, Kim EC, Oh HM, Kim S, Lee HJ, Cho EY, Yoon KH, Kim EA, H ...(e.g. [[thalassemia]] and [[myelodysplastic syndrome]]) who require many [[blood transfusion]]s, which can greatly increase the amount of iron in the body.
  5 KB (714 words) - 20:14, 21 September 2010
• Carbamazepine
  ...[[CYP450]] inducer, may increase clearance of many drugs, decreasing their blood levels.<ref name="urleMedicine - Toxicity, Carbamazepine">{{cite web |url=h ...eatening. This occurs commonly enough that a doctor may recommend frequent blood tests during the first few months of use, followed by three to four tests p
  16 KB (2,164 words) - 16:42, 27 September 2010
• Levamisole
  Levamsiole is known to suppress the production of [[white blood cell]]s, resulting in [[neutropenia]] and [[agranulocytosis]]. With the increasi
  10 KB (1,350 words) - 16:42, 27 September 2010
• Praziquantel
  ...relatively small amount enters systemic circulation. Praziquantel has a [[Blood serum|serum]] [[half-life]] of 0.8 to 1.5 hours in adults with normal renal ...with cerebral [[cysticercosis]] experience CNS side effects related to the cell-death of the parasites (headache, worsening of preexisting neurological pro
  12 KB (1,580 words) - 16:42, 27 September 2010
• Clindamycin
  ...omycin, which causes the death of the bacteria by [[lysis|breakdown of the cell membrane]], and clindamycin, which is a powerful inhibitor of [[toxin]] syn ...patients — clindamycin therapy has been associated with [[anaphylaxis]], blood [[dyscrasia]]s, [[polyarthritis]], [[jaundice]], [[elevated transaminases|r
  25 KB (3,261 words) - 14:17, 11 September 2010
• Nitrofurantoin
  ...entration]] (MIC) is 32 [[Wiktionary:microgram|μg]]/mL or less. The peak blood concentration of nitrofurantoin following an oral dose of nitrofurantoin 10 .../ref> respiration, pyruvate metabolism and other macromolecules within the cell. It is not known which of the actions of nitrofurantoin is primarily respo
  12 KB (1,576 words) - 16:43, 27 September 2010
• Trimethoprim
  ...regnancy, especially the first [[trimester]], and for sufferers of certain blood disorders.<ref>{{cite web|Use extra precautions when taking the contrecepti ...blood clot) by lowering folic acid levels and associated bone marrow blood cell formation.
  8 KB (1,056 words) - 20:12, 10 September 2010
• Clofazimine
  ...abresi PA, Chandy KG. |title=Kv1.3 channels are a therapeutic target for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. |journal=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. |volume=10 ...=Treatment of chronic graft-versus-host disease with clofazimine. |journal=Blood. |volume=89 |issue=7 |pages=2298–302 |year=1997 |month=Apr |pmid=9116272
  12 KB (1,651 words) - 16:43, 27 September 2010
• Dapsone
  === Effects on the blood === ...apsone. Med J Aust 1977; 2: 247–51.</ref> Abnormalities in [[white blood cell]] formation, including [[aplastic anaemia]], are rare but the cause of the
  15 KB (2,087 words) - 16:43, 27 September 2010
• Rifampicin
  ...ars) of users, for a few hours after a dose. Maximal concentrations in the blood are decreased by about a third when the antibiotic is taken with food. <ref ...stribution to the [[central nervous system]] and penetration through the [[blood-brain barrier]].
  18 KB (2,471 words) - 16:43, 27 September 2010
• Isoniazid
  ...esis of [[mycolic acid]], required for the [[mycobacterium|mycobacterial]] cell wall. A range of radicals are produced by KatG activation of Isoniazid, inc ...e effectiveness of isoniazid. However, slow acetylation may lead to higher blood concentrations with chronic administration of the drug, with an increased r
  12 KB (1,566 words) - 16:43, 27 September 2010
• Amphotericin B
  ...so commonly used in [[tissue culture]] to prevent fungi from contaminating cell cultures. It is usually sold in a concentrated solution, either on its own ...esearchers found evidence that pore formation is not necessarily linked to cell death (i.e. Angewandte Chemie Int. Ed. Engl. 2004).<ref>Baginski, M., and J
  13 KB (1,785 words) - 16:44, 27 September 2010
• Flucytosine
  ...arrow function (e.g. [[cytostatic]]s) should be treated carefully. [[Blood cell count]]s should be taken very frequently. * Renal function: Increased [[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]] and serum [[creatinine]] have been noted. [[Crystalluri
  10 KB (1,394 words) - 16:44, 27 September 2010
• Lamivudine
  ...first reported the anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity of Lamivudine in cell culture which eventually led to the first oral antiviral agent for the trea ...ility of over 80%. Some research suggests that lamivudine can cross the [[blood-brain barrier]]. Lamivudine is often given in combination with [[zidovudine
  9 KB (1,248 words) - 16:44, 27 September 2010
• Saquinavir
  ...ion within the cell and release of mature viral particles from an infected cell. Saquinavir inhibits both HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases. ...hat they can take less saquinavir, while maintaining sufficient saquinavir blood plasma levels to efficiently suppress the replication of HIV.
  5 KB (717 words) - 15:07, 6 July 2010
• Ribavirin
  ...little if any clinical usefulness against HIV, and it can greatly increase blood levels and also toxicity of the HIV antiviral didanosine (ddI, Videx). Othe ...ellular mRNAs, causing poor cellular translation of these. This would be a cell-toxic effect, but it does not seem to be important at therapeutic ribavirin
  23 KB (3,222 words) - 16:45, 27 September 2010
• Sodium nitrite
  ...s ongoing to investigate its applicability towards treatments for [[sickle cell anemia]], cyanide poisoning, [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]]s, [[bra ...t react with biological [[nucleophile]]s (such as DNA or an enzyme) in the cell.
  21 KB (3,046 words) - 16:45, 27 September 2010
• Ketamine
  ...s, including [[analgesia]], [[anesthesia]], [[hallucination]]s, elevated [[blood pressure]], and [[bronchodilator|bronchodilation]].<ref>{{Cite book|author= ...ion equipment is not available. Ketamine tends to increase heart rate and blood pressure. Because ketamine tends to increase or maintain cardiac output, i
  69 KB (9,697 words) - 21:01, 24 September 2010
• Ciprofloxacin
  ...72}}</ref> enzymes necessary to separate bacterial DNA, thereby inhibiting cell division. This mechanism can also affect mammalian cell replication. In particular, some congeners of this drug family (for example
  88 KB (11,930 words) - 16:46, 27 September 2010
• Metformin
  ...ed alone. [[Lactic acidosis]] (a buildup of [[lactic acid|lactate]] in the blood) can be a serious concern in [[overdose]] and when it is prescribed to peop ...was rekindled in the late 1940s after several reports that it could reduce blood sugar levels in people, and in 1957, French physician Jean Sterne published
  66 KB (8,976 words) - 16:47, 27 September 2010
• Valproic acid
  ...d then stop the virus, whilst the immune system could destroy the infected cell. Flushing out all latent virus in this manner would potentially cure HIV pa ...proic acid induces non-apoptotic cell death mechanisms in multiple myeloma cell lines. | journal = [[Int J Oncol.|International Journal of Oncology]] | vol
  25 KB (3,328 words) - 16:47, 27 September 2010
• Promethazine
  ...re. (typically in cases when patient is already taking medication for high blood pressure) ...er at least 10-15min. Rapid administration may produce a transient fall in blood pressure.
  10 KB (1,347 words) - 21:10, 12 September 2010
• Activated carbon
  ...d over an adsorbent substance in order to remove toxic substances from the blood. ...ed charcoal is used in Intensive Care to filter out harmful drugs from the blood stream of poisoned patients. Activated charcoal has become the treatment of
  41 KB (5,738 words) - 16:47, 27 September 2010
• Methyldopa
  * [[High blood pressure]] (HBP) or [[hypertension]] (HTN) ...ransmission]] in the [[peripheral nervous system]]. This effect may lower blood pressure and cause [[central nervous system]] effects such as [[clinical de
  8 KB (905 words) - 10:56, 20 September 2010
• Digoxin
  ...is just slightly increased. Overall, the heart rate is decreased, while [[blood pressure]] increases as the stroke volume is increased, leading to increase Digoxin also affects the [[kidney]] by increased renal blood flow and increased [[glomerular filtration rate|GFR]]. A mild [[diuretic]]
  19 KB (2,738 words) - 16:48, 27 September 2010
• Dopamine
  ...hich is the precursor of dopamine, can be given because it can cross the [[blood-brain barrier]]. ...nucleus]] of the hypothalamus is secreted into the hypothalamo-hypophysial blood vessels of the [[median eminence]], which supply the [[pituitary gland]]. T
  48 KB (6,470 words) - 16:48, 27 September 2010
• Acetazolamide
  ...excrete bicarbonate (HCO₃^-), thus re-acidifying the blood. ...> backs up due to acetazolamide CA inhibition in the tubule and enters the cell with Cl^-, then passes into the bloodstream, creating a hyperchlo
  12 KB (1,686 words) - 16:48, 27 September 2010
• Acetic acid
  ...s kept at a low level to avoid disrupting the control of the [[pH]] of the cell contents. Unlike longer-chain carboxylic acids (the [[fatty acids]]), aceti ...manual [[white blood cell]] counts. Another clinical use is for lysing red blood cells, which can obscure other important constituents in urine during a mic
  41 KB (5,915 words) - 16:49, 27 September 2010
• Azathioprine
  ...in themselves increase the risks of [[non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]], [[squamous cell carcinoma]]s of the skin, [[Cholangiocarcinoma|hepatobiliary carcinomas]] a Under FDA rules, this drug, like many others, excludes eligibility for blood donation.
  11 KB (1,410 words) - 16:49, 27 September 2010
• Magnesium hydroxide
  ...p>+</sup> [[ion]]s produced in the form of hydrochloric acid by [[parietal cell]]s in the [[stomach]] to produce water. ...uch would wear out the kidney and lead to toxic levels of magnesium in the blood. Healthy individuals should not use this type of medication continuously fo
  11 KB (1,555 words) - 16:49, 27 September 2010
• Aluminium hydroxide
  ...compound is also used to control [[phosphate]] (phosphorus) levels in the blood of people suffering from kidney failure. ...= Vaccine adjuvants: current state and future trends | journal = [[Immunol Cell Biol.]] | year = 2004 | volume = 82 | issue = 5 | pages = 488–96 | doi =
  10 KB (1,283 words) - 16:49, 27 September 2010
• Glucose
  | OtherNames = Dextrose, grape sugar, blood sugar, corn sugar ...] ([[monosaccharide]]), is an important [[carbohydrate]] in [[biology]]. [[Cell (biology)|Cells]] use it as a source of energy and a metabolic intermediate
  23 KB (3,050 words) - 16:52, 27 September 2010
• Cortisol
  ...ow level of blood glucocorticoids. Its primary functions are to increase [[blood sugar]] through gluconeogenesis, suppress the immune system, and aid in fat ...etion of adrenal corticotrophic hormone ([[ACTH]]); ACTH is carried by the blood to the adrenal cortex where it triggers glucocorticoid secretion.
  41 KB (5,644 words) - 16:50, 27 September 2010
• Epinephrine
  ...ter]].<ref>{{cite pmid|6278965}}</ref>. It increases heart rate, contracts blood vessels, dilates air passages and participates in the [[fight-or-flight res ...olysis]] by [[adipose tissue]]. Together these effects lead to increased [[blood glucose]] and [[fatty acid]]s, providing substrates for energy production w
  22 KB (2,916 words) - 16:50, 27 September 2010
• Mercury (element)
  ...rm.org/details.cfm?ID=782|title=Two States Pass First-time Bans on Mercury Blood Pressure Devices|date=June 2, 2003|publisher=Health Care Without Harm|acces ...either [[Sodium hydroxide#Methods of production|membrane cell or diaphragm cell technologies]] to produce chlorine.
  69 KB (10,077 words) - 21:35, 20 September 2010
• Zidovudine
  ...significant exposure to the virus (such as a needle-stick injury involving blood or body fluids from an individual known to be infected with HIV).<!-- ...effects might be caused by the sensitivity of the γ-DNA polymerase in the cell [[mitochondria]].<ref>{{cite pmid | 20544523}}</ref> Drugs that inhibit [[l
  21 KB (3,049 words) - 16:51, 27 September 2010
• Morphine
  *[[Hypotension]] or decreased [[blood pressure]] *[[Orthostatic hypotension]] or very low [[blood pressure]]
  87 KB (12,376 words) - 16:51, 27 September 2010
• Diazepam
  ...f [[eclampsia]], when [[Intravenous therapy|IV]] [[magnesium sulfate]] and blood pressure control measures have failed.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Kaplan ...are also more sensitive to the effects of benzodiazepines even at similar blood plasma levels. Doses of diazepam are recommended to be about half of those
  78 KB (10,295 words) - 16:51, 27 September 2010
• Sodium chloride
  ...lysis of liquid sodium chloride. This is now done in a [[Downs Cell|Down's cell]] in which sodium chloride is mixed with [[calcium chloride]] to lower the ...cannot live in an overly salty environment: water is drawn out of their [[cell (biology)|cells]] by [[osmosis]]. For this reason salt is used to [[Food pr
  19 KB (2,579 words) - 16:51, 27 September 2010
• Cicuta
  ...n the presence of cicutoxin this depolarization continues unabated causing cell overactivity. The hyperactivity in brain cells results in seizures.<ref nam ...-09-14}}</ref> and alternating [[hypotension|low]] and [[hypertension|high blood pressure]].<ref name="Costanza"/> Other cardiac effects may include [[ECG]]
  29 KB (4,114 words) - 12:26, 7 July 2010
• Aesculus californica
  ...ic]] [[glycoside]] [[aesculin]], which causes [[hemolysis]] of [[red blood cell]]s.
  4 KB (626 words) - 12:26, 7 July 2010
• Locoweed
  ...most tissues. Vacuolation is most obvious in [[neuron]]s and [[epithelial cell]]s. The vacuolation resolves shortly after poisoning is discontinued, but i ...by documenting exposure, identifying the neurologic signs, and analyzing [[Blood serum|serum]] for alpha-mannosidase activity and swainsonine.<ref name="pmi
  18 KB (2,369 words) - 12:27, 7 July 2010
• Pentoxifylline
  ...roves blood flow through peripheral blood vessels and therefore helps with blood circulation in the arms and legs (e.g. intermittent claudication), and the It also helps prevent strokes and can be used in managing [[sickle cell disease]].
  7 KB (885 words) - 09:43, 20 September 2010
• Renin inhibitor
  ...ular cell]]s of [[kidney]], which produce renin in response to decreased [[blood flow]]. ...he system. The catalytic role played by renin is thus crucial in mediating blood pressure by the Renin-Angiotensin System.<ref name="ref 1"> [http://pharmax
  5 KB (697 words) - 09:44, 20 September 2010
• Polidocanol
  ...eins (1 to 3 mm in diameter). Asclera works by damaging the cell lining of blood vessels, causing them to close and eventually be replaced by other types of
  3 KB (391 words) - 10:09, 20 September 2010

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