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• Prussian blue
  ...print]]s. It has been used as an [[antidote]] for certain kinds of [[heavy metal poisoning]]. ...ref name=Dunbar>*Dunbar, K. R. and Heintz, R. A., "Chemistry of Transition Metal Cyanide Compounds: Modern Perspectives", Progress in Inorganic Chemistry, 1
  20 KB (3,004 words) - 16:47, 27 September 2010
• Sodium nitroprusside
  ...a, I.; Kovalevsky, A. | title = Photoinduced Linkage Isomers of Transition-Metal Nitrosyl Compounds and Related Complexes | journal = [[Chem. Rev.]] | year ...he dianion [Fe(CN)₅NO]²⁻. This [[metal nitrosyl]] complex is the active agent in medical applications.
  9 KB (1,095 words) - 16:48, 27 September 2010
• Bonding in solids
  ...motion of [[dislocations]] that mediate plastic deformation. Further, some transition metals exhibit directional bonding in addition to metallic bonding; this in .... As bonds become more polar, they become increasingly ionic in character. Metal oxides vary along the iono-covalent spectrum [http://www.hindawi.com/journa
  11 KB (1,614 words) - 10:08, 20 September 2010
• Biopolymer
  ...cellulose and starch. But increasing attention is being given to the more complex carbohydrate polymers which are produced by bacteria and fungi. Examples in ...water and cast as films, the above phenomenon yields to a plastic-brittle transition and ultimalte brittle failure in the film.
  68 KB (9,959 words) - 10:10, 20 September 2010
• Polypropylene
  ...2008, Chapter 4</ref>,<ref>J. Severn, R. L. Jones ''Handbook of Transition Metal Polymerization Catalysts'', R. Hoff, R. T. Mathers, eds, Wiley, 2010, Chapt ...plastic moldings, wherein it is injected into a mold while molten, forming complex shapes at relatively low cost and high volume; examples include bottle tops
  25 KB (3,657 words) - 10:10, 20 September 2010
• Polyethylene terephthalate
  | [[Glass transition temperature|Glass temperature]] ...d]] by [[evaporation|evaporating]] a [[Thin-film deposition|thin film]] of metal onto it to reduce its permeability, and to make it reflective and opaque ([
  43 KB (6,272 words) - 10:11, 20 September 2010
• Polymer
  ...g chain branches may increase polymer strength, toughness, and the [[glass transition temperature]] (T_g) due to an increase in the number of entanglem ...se chain mobility, increase strength and toughness, and increase the glass transition temperature (T_g){{Citation needed|date=May 2009}}. This is a res
  45 KB (6,501 words) - 10:11, 20 September 2010
• Coordination polymers
  ...=X.|year=2006|title=Synthesis, structures and properties of alkaline earth metal benzene-1,4-dioxylacetates with three-dimensional hybrid networks|journal=C ...{cite journal|last=Chen|first=X|coauthors=Ye, B., Tong, M.|year=2005|title=Metal-organic molecular architectures with 2,2′-bipyridyl-like and carboxylate
  23 KB (3,302 words) - 10:11, 20 September 2010
• Crystallization of polymers
  ...in one polymer, but not in another. Many of the good nucleating agents are metal salts of organic acids, which themselves are crystalline at the solidificat ...Higher temperatures destroy the molecular arrangement and below the glass transition temperature, the movement of molecular chains is frozen.<ref name="Becker">
  18 KB (2,533 words) - 10:11, 20 September 2010
• Metallurgy
  ...|Georg Agricola, author of ''De re metallica'', an important early book on metal extraction]] ...[[materials science]] that studies the physical and chemical behavior of [[metal]]lic [[Chemical element|elements]], their [[intermetallics|intermetallic co
  14 KB (1,922 words) - 10:13, 20 September 2010
• Ruthenium
  ...] 44, and is represented by the symbol '''Ru'''. It is a rare [[transition metal]] of the [[platinum group]] of the [[periodic table]]; and like the other m ...thenium a half bar.jpg|thumb|left|alt=An irregular bar of lustrous silvery metal. One end is rough, as though broken, while the other, cigar-shaped end is r
  39 KB (5,430 words) - 10:13, 20 September 2010
• Polystyrene
  ...(glassy) state at room temperature, but flows if heated above its [[glass transition temperature]] (for [[Molding (process)|molding]] or extrusion), and becomes ...l group]] (the name given to the aromatic ring [[benzene]], when bonded to complex carbon substituents). Polystyrene's chemical formula is (C₈H<sub
  36 KB (5,017 words) - 10:14, 20 September 2010
• Kerosene
  | work =Excerpt from Yo-Ho-Ho and a Bottle of Unrefined Complex Liquid Hydrocarbons. Pennsylvania Geology, v. 26, No. 1, p. ...l fishing craft, these are bi-fuel engines that start on gasoline and then transition to kerosene once the engine reaches engine temperature. Multi-fuel Evinrud
  26 KB (3,820 words) - 10:18, 20 September 2010
• Steel
  ...further lowered the cost of production while increasing the quality of the metal. Today, steel is one of the most common materials in the world, with more t ...romium is added to steel so that a hard [[passivation|oxide]] forms on the metal surface; this is known as [[stainless steel]]. [[Tungsten]] interferes with
  44 KB (6,419 words) - 10:22, 20 September 2010
• Iron
  ...ng-la|ferrum}}) and [[atomic number]] 26. It is a [[metal]] in the [[first transition series]]. Like other [[Group 8 element]]s, it exists in a wide range of [[o ...clear fusion reaction that is [[exothermic]]. Iron is the most widely used metal, and iron compounds, which include ferrous and ferric compounds, have sever
  67 KB (9,808 words) - 10:24, 20 September 2010
• Wood
  The structure of hardwoods is more complex.<ref>[http://www.uwsp.edu/papersci/biasca/ps350/Hardwood%20Structure.htm Ha :"When the rings are wide, the transition from spring wood to summer wood is gradual, while in the narrow rings the s
  41 KB (6,609 words) - 10:24, 20 September 2010
• Ethylene oxide
  ...and intermediates, such as [[ethylene glycol]], ethanolamines, simple and complex glycols, polyglycol ethers and other compounds. It is also a common gas-pha ...f ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols proceed in the presence of [[sodium]] metal, [[sodium hydroxide]] or [[boron trifluoride]] and are used for the synthes
  82 KB (11,709 words) - 21:31, 20 September 2010
• Manganese
  ...inerals. As a free element, manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels. ...d are used industrially as [[pigment]]s. The [[permanganate]]s of [[alkali metal|alkali]] and [[alkaline earth metals]] are powerful oxidizers. Manganese di
  44 KB (6,128 words) - 21:32, 20 September 2010
• Chromium
  ...in Group 6. It is a steely-gray, [[Lustre (mineralogy)|lustrous]], hard [[metal]] that takes a high polish and has a high melting point. It is also odorles ...ectroplating]] with chromium) are currently the highest-volume uses of the metal. Chromium and [[ferrochromium]] are produced from the single commercially v
  51 KB (7,299 words) - 21:34, 20 September 2010
• Cadmium
  ...]. It is similar in many respects to zinc but forms [[Complex (chemistry)|complex]] compounds.
  34 KB (4,743 words) - 21:34, 20 September 2010
• Scorpionate ligand
  ...le groups attached to a [[boron]]. The other three ligands attached to the metal are [[carbonyl]] ([[carbon monoxide]]) ligands.]] ...rpionate ligand''' refers to a tridentate [[ligand]] which would bind to a metal in a [[Coordination_complexes#Cis-trans_isomerism_and_facial-meridional_iso
  9 KB (1,297 words) - 20:14, 21 September 2010
• Terpyridine
  ...omplexes with most [[transition metal]] [[ion]] as do other [[polypyridine complex|polypyridine compounds]], such as [[2,2'-bipyridine]] and 1,10-phenanthroli ...complexes, exhibit characteristic optical and electrochemical properties: metal-to-ligand [[charge transfer]] (MLCT) in the visible region, reversible [[Re
  4 KB (504 words) - 20:14, 21 September 2010
• 2,2'-Bipyridine
  ...ligand]], forming complexes with many [[transition metal]]s. [[Ruthenium]] complex and [[platinum]] complexes of bipy exhibit intense [[luminescence]], which ...line]] does not have the same conformational flexibility and tends to bind metal ions more strongly.
  5 KB (638 words) - 20:14, 21 September 2010
• 1,4,7-Triazacyclononane
  ...reefold symmetric and binds to one face of an octahedron of metalloids and transition metals. The (TACN)M unit is kinetically inert, allowing further synthetic t ...ate in the course of this dramatic change in formal oxidation state of the metal.
  5 KB (765 words) - 20:14, 21 September 2010
• Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate
  ...nd carbon disulfide. They are used as [[chelating agents]] for transition metal ions and as precursors to [[herbicide]]s and [[vulcanization]] reagents. ...binds to iron-dithiocarbamate complexes. The resulting mono-nitrosyl-iron complex (MNIC) is stable, and may be detected with [[Electron Paramagnetic Resonanc
  5 KB (586 words) - 20:15, 21 September 2010
• Pentetic acid
  The [[conjugate base]] of DTPA has a high affinity for metal cations. Thus, the penta-anion DTPA^5- is potentially an [[dentic ...reagents, as is shown by its derivative [[pendetide]]. For example, in its complex with copper(II), DTPA binds in a hexadentate manner utilizing the three ami
  6 KB (825 words) - 20:15, 21 September 2010
• Acetylacetone
  ...</sub>. Hexafluoroacetylacetonate is also widely used to generate volatile metal complexes. ...chemically, with the reduction rate being dependent on the solvent and the metal center.<ref>{{cite journal
  16 KB (2,268 words) - 20:15, 21 September 2010
• Irving-Williams series
  ...omplexes|stability constant]] for the formation of a [[Complex (chemistry)|complex]] follows the order ...| coauthors=Williams, R. J. P.|date=1953|title=The stability of transition-metal complexes|journal=[[Journal of the Chemical Society|J. Chem. Soc.]]|pages=3
  4 KB (545 words) - 20:16, 21 September 2010
• Stability constants of complexes
  ...provide the information required to calculate the concentration(s) of the complex(es) in solution. There are many areas of application in chemistry, biology ...etal-ammine complexes in 1941.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bjerrum|first=J.|title=Metal-ammine formation in aqueous solution|publisher=Haase|location=Copenhagen|da
  50 KB (7,450 words) - 20:16, 21 September 2010
• Solubility equilibrium
  ...the decahydrate, Na₂SO₄.10H₂O, below the transition temperature but a different hydrate above that temperature. ...as both an [[inner sphere complex]] and an [[ion association|outer sphere complex]].<ref>[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1967/eigen-l
  23 KB (3,592 words) - 20:16, 21 September 2010
• Ion-association
  ...cules in the primary solvation sphere,<ref name=Burgess>{{cite book |title=Metal Ions in Solution ...and an anion. Similarly a contact ion-pair may be termed an ''inner-sphere complex''. The essential difference between the three types is the closeness with w
  16 KB (2,366 words) - 20:16, 21 September 2010
• Acid dissociation constant
  ...a quantitative understanding of the interaction between acids or bases and metal ions to form [[Stability constants of complexes|complexes]]. Experimentally Similarly, [[hydrolysis#Hydrolysis of metal aqua ions|metal ion hydrolysis]] causes ions such as <span style="white-space:nowrap;">[Al(
  76 KB (11,861 words) - 20:17, 21 September 2010
• Chemical equilibrium
  ...alid only for concerted one-step reactions that proceed through a single [[transition state]] and is '''not valid in general''' because [[reaction rate#Rate equa ...ub>2</sub> = pK₂ + pK₁<ref>M.T. Beck, ''Chemistry of Complex Equilibria'', Van Nostrand, 1970. 2nd. Edition by M.T. Beck and I Nagypál,
  38 KB (5,847 words) - 20:17, 21 September 2010
• Non-coordinating anion
  ...oordinating anions has contributed to increased understanding of [[agostic complex]]es wherein hydrocarbons and hydrogen serve as ligands. Noncoordinating ani ...nd hexafluorophosphate anions are coordinating toward highly electrophilic metal ions, such as cations containing Zr(IV) centers, which can abstract [[fluor
  7 KB (919 words) - 20:17, 21 September 2010
• Trans effect
  ...e=coe>Coe, B. J.; Glenwright, S. J. Trans-effects in octahedral transition metal complexes. ''Coordination Chemistry Reviews'' '''2000''', ''203'', 5-80.</r ...hor = [[Robert H. Crabtree]] | title = The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals | year = 2005 | edition = 4th edition | isbn = 0-471-66256-9 | publi
  5 KB (796 words) - 20:17, 21 September 2010
• Crystal field theory
  ...ch delivers insight into the process of [[chemical bonding]] in transition metal complexes. ...ray of point charges consisting of the ligands. As a ligand approaches the metal ion, the electrons from the ligand will be closer to some of the ''d''-orbi
  15 KB (2,403 words) - 20:17, 21 September 2010
• Coordination geometry
  ...tion preference of the central atom, typically a metal in a [[coordination complex]]. The number of atoms bonded, (i.e. the number of [[sigma bonds|σ-bonds]] The coordination preference of a metal often varies with its oxidation state. The number of coordination bonds ([[
  11 KB (1,577 words) - 20:18, 21 September 2010
• Hapticity
  ...denotes the number of contiguous atoms of the ligand that are bound to the metal. In general the η-notation is only used when there is more than one atom ...oyed to describe ligands containing extended π-systems or where [[agostic complex|agostic bonding]] is not obvious from the formula.
  11 KB (1,575 words) - 20:18, 21 September 2010
• Tanabe-Sugano diagram
  ...al complexes. The results from a Tanabe-Sugano diagram analysis of a metal complex can also be compared to experimental spectroscopic data. They are qualitati ...nown about the excited electronic states of [[coordination complex|complex metal ions]]. They used [[Hans Bethe]]'s [[crystal field theory]] and [[Giulio R
  23 KB (3,526 words) - 20:18, 21 September 2010
• Racah parameter
  They are often used in transition-metal chemistry to describe the repulsion energy associated with an electronic [[ | title = Theory of Complex Spectra II
  1 KB (185 words) - 20:18, 21 September 2010
• Oxidative addition
  ...ons in [[organometallic chemistry]] <ref>''The Organometallic Chemistry of Transition Metals'' by Robert Crabtree</ref><ref>''Inorganic Chemistry'' (3rd Edition) ...2007.</ref> Although oxidative additions can occur with the insertion of a metal into many different covalent bonds, they are most commonly seen with H-H an
  3 KB (457 words) - 20:18, 21 September 2010
• Jahn–Teller effect
  ...s that degeneracy, because the distortion lowers the overall energy of the complex. ==Transition metal chemistry==
  8 KB (1,101 words) - 20:18, 21 September 2010
• Pincer ligand
  ...ications, 1999, 2443–2449. {{doi|10.1039/a903573g}}.</ref> Reactions of metal-pincer complexes are localized at three site perpendicular to the plane of ...e]] complexes that contain pincer ligands, an Ir(III) complex and a Ru(II) complex.]]
  5 KB (747 words) - 20:18, 21 September 2010
• Nephelauxetic effect
  ...that occurs when a transition metal free ion forms a [[complex (chemistry)|complex]] with [[ligands]]. The name comes from the [[Greek language|Greek]] for '' ...l ion, which in turn implies that the size of the orbital is larger in the complex. This electron cloud expansion effect may occur for one (or both) of two re
  3 KB (429 words) - 20:18, 21 September 2010
• Bite angle
  ...horus atoms influence the chemical reactivity of the diphosphine ligand in metal complexes through steric and [[electronic effect]]s. ...1890 | doi = 10.1039/b300322c | title = Bite angle effects in diphosphine metal catalysts: steric or electronic? Based on the presentation given at Dalton
  12 KB (1,706 words) - 20:18, 21 September 2010
• Trans-spanning ligand
  ...ing ligands''' are bidentate [[ligands]] that can span opposite sites of a complex with square-planar geometry. A wide variety of ligands that chelate in the ...r = 1975 | title = Stereochemistry of Complex Inorganic Compounds. XXXV. A Complex Containing a Ligand That Spans Trans Positions | journal = [[J. Am. Chem. S
  3 KB (366 words) - 20:18, 21 September 2010
• Spin states (d electrons)
  ...field theory]], which is an application of [[molecular orbital theory]] to transition metals, and [[crystal field theory]], which has roots in [[VSEPR theory]].< ...etal center, the charge of the metal center, and the field strength of the complex's ligands as described by the [[spectrochemical series]].
  8 KB (1,140 words) - 20:18, 21 September 2010
• Associative substitution
  .../ref><ref>R. G. Wilkins "Kinetics and Mechanism of Reactions of Transition Metal Complexes," 2nd Edition, VCH, Weinheim, 1991. ISBN 1-56081-125-0</ref> ...nce the selectivity of the reaction, depends not only on the nature of the metal catalyst but also on the substrate.
  6 KB (838 words) - 20:18, 21 September 2010
• Dissociative substitution
  .../ref><ref>R. G. Wilkins "Kinetics and Mechanism of Reactions of Transition Metal Complexes," 2nd Edition, VCH, Weinheim, 1991. ISBN 1-56081-125-0</ref> ...ep]] that involves release of a ligand from the coordination sphere of the metal undergoing substitution. The concentration of the substituting [[nucleophi
  4 KB (630 words) - 20:18, 21 September 2010
• LIESST
  ...lectron distribution for the two different spin states for a d⁶ metal in an idealized O_h geometry]] ...is iron, with the first known example, an iron(III) tris(dithiocarbamato) complex, reported by Cambi <ref>Cambi, L.; Cagnasso, A. Atti. Accad. Naz. Lincei, C
  2 KB (315 words) - 20:18, 21 September 2010

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