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...erial then falls to earth, subjecting anything within the line of sight to radiation, a significant [[radioactive contamination|hazard]]. A fallout shelter is d It is possible to construct an electrometer-type radiation meter called the [[Kearny Fallout Meter]] from plans with just a coffee can

...k sphere in center of the body. Image is by [[MIBG]] [[scintigraphy]] with radiation from radioiodine in the MIBG. However, note unwanted uptake of radioiodine ...rgency%20USG.pdf] US FDA, "Potassium Iodide as a Thyroid Blocking Agent in Radiation Emergencies," U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Ad

...] ⁴⁰K. One [[kilogram]] of KCl yields 16350 [[becquerel]]s of [[radiation]] consisting of 89.28% beta and 10.72% [[gamma ray|gamma]] with 1.46083 MeV

...in a [[germicidal lamp]], whose spectrum is rich in invisible ultraviolet radiation.]] ...eat pipe]] type of cooling device for spacecraft heat rejection systems or radiation panels.<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2009-07-07|url=http://www.aqpl43.dsl.pipe

...tment combining pentoxifylline and tocopherol in patients with superficial radiation-induced fibrosis. J Clin Oncol 23: 8570-8579, 2005 </ref>

...barriers''' or reflective barriers inhibit [[heat transfer]] by [[thermal radiation]]. Thermal energy may also be transferred via [[Conduction (heat)|conductio ...missivity and reflectivity values sum to 1 by [[Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation|Kirchoff's law]].

Foam absorber is used as lining of [[anechoic chamber]]s for electromagnetic radiation measurements{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}}. This material typically

...lue to the emerging materials scientist is the sensitivity of materials to radiation in the thermal [[infrared]] (IR) portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. T

...t of [[chemotherapy]] protects the [[immune system]] from high levels of [[radiation]].

=== Effects of radiation === ...he lengths of these three regions vary with γ-ray irradiation. Increasing radiation dosage shortens the time of the early stage. The appearance of the drastic

Polypropylene is liable to chain degradation from exposure to heat and [[UV]] radiation such as that present in [[sunlight]]. Oxidation usually occurs at the [[ter

...to the frequency of infrared radiation. When the frequency of the infrared radiation matches the natural frequency of the bond, the amplitude of the vibration i Many polymers are also attacked by [[UV radiation]] at vulnerable points in their chain structures. Thus, [[polypropylene]] s

...ontent.cgi?article=1061&context=chemistry Comparison of PVDF and FEP based radiation-grafted alkaline anionexchange membranes for use in low temperature portabl

...raising the temperature. The other factors act synergistically with solar radiation to significantly influence the weathering processes. All weather factors, i == Solar Radiation ==

...polymer systems. The elements of most concern to polymers are Ultraviolet radiation, moisture and humidity, high temperatures and temperature fluctuations. Pol This angle ensures exposure to the full [[spectrum]] of [[solar radiation]], from [[infrared]] to [[Ultra violet]].

<tr><td>[[Radiation resistance]]</td><td bgcolor="#ffffcc">Fair</td></tr> <tr><td>[[Ultraviolet|Ultraviolet (1-380nm)]] [[Radiation resistance|resistance]]</td><td bgcolor="#ffffcc">Fair</td></tr>

...colored. Roads made with lighter-colored pitch absorb less heat from solar radiation, and become less hot than darker surfaces, reducing their contribution to t

...dispersed in fluid. [[Dispersed particles]] [[absorption (electromagnetic radiation)|absorb]] and [[scatter]] ultrasound similarly to light. This has been know

...ss than one third as much U-235 and U-234 as natural uranium. The external radiation dose from DU is about 60 percent of that from the same [[mass]] of natural ...uses include counterweights in aircraft, radiation shielding in medical [[radiation therapy]] and industrial [[radiography]] equipment, and containers used to

...olonium]]) may be included in the definition. Radioactive metals have both radiation toxicity and chemical toxicity. Metals in an oxidation state abnormal to th

...ulation. Such multiple surfaces are abundant in batting and porous foam. Radiation is also minimized by low emissivity (highly reflective) surfaces. Lower th ...his describes heat being transferred by all three mechanisms—conduction, radiation, and convection.

...erogel is a good radiative insulator because carbon absorbs the [[infrared radiation]] that transfers heat at standard temperatures. Silica aerogel strongly absorbs [[infrared]] radiation. It allows the construction of materials that let light into buildings but

...o reduce heat transfer by [[Heat conduction|conduction]], [[Radiant energy|radiation]] or [[convection]] and are employed in varying combinations to achieve the ...nt barrier]] is added to a material to reduce the transfer of heat through radiation as well as conduction. Following is a table of materials, most of which hav

...ns and techniques to address the main modes of heat transfer - conduction, radiation and convection materials.<ref>[http://www.buildingscience.com/documents/dig ...of non-insulative (particularly non-solar facing) glazing. Indoor thermal radiation can also be retarded with spectrally selective (low-e, [[low-emissivity]])

...ficient (SHGC), which expresses the proportion of incidental solar thermal radiation that is transmitted by the glass and Visible Transmittance, which describes ..., often of metal, on the glass within its airspace that reflects [[thermal radiation]] or inhibits its emission reducing heat transfer through the glass.

...orescent]] and halogen-produced light can also produce large amounts of UV radiation, though filters which fit over the bulbs are available to limit the damagin ...produce a large amount of heat in addition to large quantities of infrared radiation, which is likewise damaging to the fibers in antique textiles. If incandes

...textiles for [[crop protection]]), and protective clothing (e.g., heat and radiation protection for fire fighter clothing, molten metal protection for welders, Protection against heat and radiation for fire fighter clothing, against molten metals for welders, for bullet pr

...tiles for [[crop protection]]), protective clothing (e.g. against heat and radiation for fire fighter clothing, against molten metals for welders, stab protecti

...d5a169e1fb4f3d1b997a3 Radionuclide content of concrete building blocks and radiation dose rates in some dwellings in Ibadan, Nigeria]</ref> Toxic substances may

...ction material, lead, it is much stronger mechanically. The attenuation of radiation as a function of energy is shown in the graph.

* Ionizing Radiation Exposure

...[[machinery]], [[oxygen]]-free gases or spaces, [[poison]]ous [[gas]]es, [[radiation]], [[toxic]] materials, work on, near or under [[water]], work on, near or

• Radiation.

== Laser radiation hazards == Laser radiation predominantly causes injury via thermal effects. Even moderately powered la

...of [[carcinogens]], such as [[tobacco smoke]], [[electromagnetic radiation|radiation]], [[chemicals]], or [[pathogen|infectious agents]]. Other cancer-promoting ...usually treated with a combination of [[surgery]], [[chemotherapy]] and [[radiation therapy|radiotherapy]]. As research develops, treatments are becoming more

* [[Ionizing radiation|Ionising Radiation]] (alpha, beta, gamma, bremmstralung, X-ray) * [[Non-ionising radiation]] (electric fields, Infrared, Microwave, [[Magnetic field (disambiguation)|

...adiation]] sign||<span style="font-size:300%;">☢</span>||U+2622||[[Image:Radiation warning symbol.svg|80px|Radioactivity]] ...tion]] sign||<big><big>?</big></big>||<big><big>?</big></big>||[[Image:New radiation symbol ISO 21482.svg|80px|Radioactivity]]

...both the types and possible exposures from hazards (e.g. noise, chemicals, radiation). The '''Walk Through Survey''' can be targeted or limited to particular h ...c measuring devices to measure noise, vibration, ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, dust, solvents, gases, et cetera. Each device is often specifically desig

...ords of monitoring and measurement of worker exposure to chemicals, noise, radiation, or other hazards. *Radiation exposure.

...um cut-off is about 0.5 eV.<ref>{{cite book |last=Knoll |first=G.F. |title=Radiation Detection and Measurement, 3rd edition |publisher=Wiley |year=1999 |isbn=97

...tion types, beryllium also has a number of uses as filters and windows for radiation and particle physics experiments. ===Radiation windows===

...he surrounding air and woody material through [[convection]] and [[thermal radiation]]. First, wood is dried as water is vaporized at a temperature of {{convert ...ntrations of sooty particles could increase absorption of incoming [[solar radiation]] during winter months by as much as 15%.<ref>{{vancite conference | author

...lities that produce a variety of lead-containing products; these include [[radiation shield]]s, ammunition, certain surgical equipment, fetal monitors, plumbing

...to transfer energy continuously. This view is useful to a certain extent (radiation of low frequency), but problems are found at high frequencies (see [[ultrav ...ct on the energy distribution of their ejection. Only the frequency of the radiation is relevant to the energy of the ejected electrons.

...The [[arc flash]] in an electrical fault produces the same type of light [[radiation]] from which electric welders protect themselves using face shields with da

...ts, as part of [[solder]]s, [[pewter]]s, [[fusible]] [[alloy]]s and as a [[radiation shield]]. Lead has the highest [[atomic number]] of all of the [[stable ele [[File:Lead shielding.jpg|thumb|Lead bricks are commonly used as radiation shielding.]]

...m six base units to provide for the measurement of temperature and optical radiation in addition to mechanical and [[SI electromagnetism units|electromagnetic]]

...that this local equilibrium applies only to [[mass]]ive particles. In a [[radiation|radiating]] gas, the [[photon]]s being emitted and absorbed by the gas need

=== Ionizing radiation-induced=== {{see also|Category:Ionizing radiation-induced cutaneous conditions}}

* [[Louis Harold Gray]] — [[Gray (unit)|gray]], unit of absorbed dose of radiation * [[Stephen Hawking]] — [[Hawking radiation]]

...ics]], the [[empirical relationship]] of the [[Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)|absorption]] of [[light]] to the properties of the material through which

.... Pupils became permanently dilated and skin became hypersensitive to [[UV radiation]], forcing infected hosts into a [[Nocturnality|nocturnal life cycle]]. Los |A leprosy-like disease, the only cure is a dose of radiation

...is most frequently seen after lymph node dissection, [[surgery]] and/or [[radiation therapy]], in which damage to the lymphatic system is caused during the tre ...ry for colon, ovarian or uterine cancer in which removal of lymph nodes or radiation therapy is required. Surgery and/or treatment for prostate, colon and testi

title=Intravenous infusion of bone marrow in patients receiving radiation and chemotherapy| ...es have been developed that require smaller doses of preparative chemo and radiation. This has allowed HSCT to be conducted in the elderly and other patients wh

...es, which, it has been speculated, could protect the plant from harmful UV radiation exposure.<ref name=Pate1983>{{Cite journal |title =Possible role of ultraviolet radiation in evolution of Cannabis chemotypes

...especially in patients whose cancer no longer responds to chemotherapy and radiation.<ref name="Friesen">{{cite journal |author=Claudia Friesen, Mareike Roscher

...May 2010}} Treatment can be terminated as soon as the usual treatment with radiation and/or chemotherapy causes remission of fever.

...hese arc lamps are an excellent source of short wavelength [[ultraviolet]] radiation and they have intense emissions in the near [[infrared]], which is used in

...son|first2=T|last3=Wiencke|first3=C|last4=Oberg|first4=G|title=Ultraviolet radiation affects emission of ozone-depleting substances by marine macroalgae: result

...om the spores was not seen when AFIP examined different spores killed with radiation.

...rusive inspection devices to examine cargo and has issued 12,400 hand-held radiation detection devices to their agents. Finally, more than 600 canine teams tha

...lotion]], although the level of protection against the sun's [[ultraviolet radiation]] is extremely variable, ranging from nothing to approximately SPF 6.{{Cita

and now even full [[electromagnetic radiation|electromagnetic wave]] propagation. This increase in complexity

== Radiation hardened ==

...y]], [[mechanical stress]], [[vibration]], [[Shock (mechanics)|shock]], [[radiation]], [[pressure]], and intensity of [[magnetic]] and [[electrical]] fields.

...the solder joint will be transmitted by long or short wave electromagnetic radiation.

===Local oscillator radiation=== ...ore superheterodyne receivers in close proximity. In espionage, oscillator radiation gives a means to detect a covert receiver and its operating frequency and i

...detecting [[frequency-modulated]] [[radiation]] by non-linear mixing with radiation of a [[Frequency standard|reference frequency]], the same principle as for In optical [[interferometry]], '''homodyne''' signifies that ''the reference radiation'' (i.e. the [[local oscillator]]) ''is derived from the same source as the

...gust 2011}}<!-- No indication that lamp is run so hot that primary loss is radiation. Brunton 1949 Part I says T^4, but see Pirani gauge. --> The radiated power

...lear Electromagnetic Pulse) generator in the world, designed to test the [[radiation hardening]] of strategic aircraft systems against EMP pulses from [[nuclear *[[Radiation hardening]]

*[[Photokeratitis]] - keratitis due to intense [[ultraviolet radiation]] exposure (e.g. snow blindness or [[welder]]'s arc eye.)