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• Quinine total synthesis
  ...in 2001 [[Gilbert Stork]] published the first [[stereoselective]] quinine synthesis and he shed doubt (calling it a myth) on the earlier claim in 1944 by [[Rob ...e molecule is [[optically active]] with four [[stereogenic]] groups making synthesis potentially difficult because it is one of 16 [[stereoisomer]]s.
  17 KB (2,355 words) - 22:15, 21 September 2010

Page text matches

• Quinine
  {{Main|quinine total synthesis}} ...esearch towards its synthetic production was undertaken. A formal chemical synthesis was accomplished in 1944 by American chemists [[Robert Burns Woodward|R.B.
  27 KB (3,844 words) - 16:41, 27 September 2010
• Dexamethasone
  * Shock: 4 to 8 mg intravenously initially, repeat if necessary to a total dose of 24 mg. ==Synthesis==
  18 KB (2,498 words) - 16:41, 27 September 2010
• Erythromycin
  ...roup, posthumously reported the first stereocontrolled asymmetric chemical synthesis of Erythromycin A. == Synthesis ==
  19 KB (2,731 words) - 17:52, 18 September 2010
• Flucytosine
  ...injectable form is diluted in 250 mL [[saline solution]] to contain 2.5 g total (10 mg/mL). The solution is physically incompatible with other drugs includ ...onversion into 5-flourodeoxyuridinemonophosphate which inhibits fungal DNA synthesis.
  10 KB (1,394 words) - 16:44, 27 September 2010
• Ciprofloxacin
  ...s that cause DNA to rewind after being copied, which stops DNA and protein synthesis. ...g in the United States based on new prescriptions, and ranked twentieth in total United States sales. In 1999, Bayer's gross sales of Cipro in the United St
  88 KB (11,930 words) - 16:46, 27 September 2010
• Azithromycin
  ...e additional days. With the "Z-Pak," this means two 250 mg tablets (a total of 500 mg) on the first day and one 250 mg tablet once daily for ...inhibits [[translation (biology)|translation]] of [[mRNA]]. Nucleic acid synthesis is not affected.
  15 KB (2,008 words) - 16:46, 27 September 2010
• Metformin
  ...andard//drugtopics/252010/674982/article.pdf 2009 Top 200 generic drugs by total prescriptions]|71.7&nbsp;KB}}. ''Drug Topics'' (June 17, 2010). Retrieved o ...fic literature in 1922, by Emil Werner and James Bell, as a product in the synthesis of ''N'',''N''-dimethylguanidine.<ref name = werner>{{vcite journal |author
  66 KB (8,976 words) - 16:47, 27 September 2010
• Prussian blue
  ...rg Ernst Stahl]] published a story dealing with the incidence of the first synthesis of Prussian blue.<ref>G. E. Stahl: ''Experimenta, Observationes, Animadvers ...ue pigment to be widely used following the loss of knowledge regarding the synthesis of [[Egyptian Blue]]. European painters had previously used a number of pig
  20 KB (3,004 words) - 16:47, 27 September 2010
• Acetic acid
  In 1847 German chemist [[Hermann Kolbe]] [[Chemical synthesis|synthesized]] acetic acid from [[inorganic chemistry|inorganic]] materials ...ced in [[Japan]]. Another 1.5&nbsp;Mt are recycled each year, bringing the total world market to 6.5&nbsp;Mt/a.<ref>{{cite journal|title = Production report
  41 KB (5,915 words) - 16:49, 27 September 2010
• Cortisol
  ....<ref>{{cite pmid|17426391}}</ref> However cortisol increases [[glycogen]] synthesis ([[glycogenesis]]) in the [[liver]].<ref>Baynes, J., Dominiczak, M., Medica ...formation, decreasing amino acid uptake by muscle, and inhibiting protein synthesis.}}</ref><ref>Manchester, K.L., “Sites of Hormonal Regulation of Protein M
  41 KB (5,644 words) - 16:50, 27 September 2010
• Mercury (element)
  Higher oxidation states of mercury were confirmed in September 2007, with the synthesis of [[mercury(IV) fluoride]] ({{chem|HgF|4}}) using matrix isolation techniq ...]] with both drugs resulted in the mobilization of a small fraction of the total estimated body mercury. DMSA was able to increase the excretion of mercury
  69 KB (10,077 words) - 21:35, 20 September 2010
• Morphine
  ...sic in the world until heroin was synthesized and came into use. Until the synthesis of [[dihydromorphine]] (ca. 1900), the dihydromorphinone class of opioids ( ...ormula of morphine was determined by 1925. At least three methods of total synthesis of morphine from starting materials such as coal tar and petroleum distilla
  87 KB (12,376 words) - 16:51, 27 September 2010
• Paracetamol
  ...ther NSAIDs all act by the same mechanism (inhibition of [[prostaglandin]] synthesis) and all show varying levels of analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic a ...s, aniline, ''N''-acetyl ''p''-aminophenol and ''p''-aminophenol (free and total conjugated) in biological fluids and tissues|journal = J. Pharmacol. Exp. T
  54 KB (7,376 words) - 16:52, 27 September 2010
• EDTA
  ==Synthesis== ...cyanide]].<ref>[http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/edta/synthesis_of_edta.htm Synthesis of EDTA]</ref> This route yields the sodium salt, which can be converted in
  21 KB (2,946 words) - 15:10, 6 July 2010
• Euphorbia poisonii
  Nicolaou, K. C. and Snyder, Scott A. Classics in Total Synthesis Vol. II. Wiley VCH, 2003. Chapter 6.
  2 KB (268 words) - 12:26, 7 July 2010
• Superabsorbent polymer
  The total absorbency and [[swelling capacity]] are controlled by the type and degree ==Current synthesis==
  9 KB (1,214 words) - 10:09, 20 September 2010
• Biopolymer
  In fact, as their synthesis is controlled by a template directed process in most in vivo systems all bi ...rms the biodegradability of these polymers and the potential they have for total mineralization in natural, microbiologically active environments. The biode
  68 KB (9,959 words) - 10:10, 20 September 2010
• Nanofluidic Circuitry
  ...tio of the difference in currents of majority and minority carriers to the total current carried by both positive and negative ions, <math>I</math>. For a n ...les for drug delivery, gene therapy and nanoparticle toxicology on a micro-total-analysis system.<ref>Stavis, S.; Strychalski, E. A.; Gaitan, M.; "Nanoflui
  23 KB (3,367 words) - 10:12, 20 September 2010
• Coffea
  ...ca L.) development: implications for in vivo modification of galactomannan synthesis |journal=Planta |volume=217 |issue=2 |pages=316–26 |year=2003 |month=June ...es, linoleic acid (46% of total free lipids), palmitic acid (30% to 35% of total free lipids), and esters. Arabica have a higher content of lipids (13,5 g t
  29 KB (4,179 words) - 10:14, 20 September 2010
• Textiles of Mexico
  ...riod, not in the pre-Hispanic era.<ref name="2uvtextil"/> The rebozo is a synthesis of three historical influences, the pre-Hispanic “mámatl,” the Spanish ...n, in both natural and synthetic fibers. It accounts for about 1.2% of the total GDP and 7.1% of the manufacturing sector.<ref name="mineconomy">{{cite web
  42 KB (6,562 words) - 10:16, 20 September 2010
• Polyphenyl ether
  == Structure and synthesis of PPEs == ...tained by repeated application of the [[Ullmann condensation|Ullmann Ether Synthesis]]: reaction of an alkali-metal phenate with a halogenated benzene catalyzed
  18 KB (2,654 words) - 10:18, 20 September 2010
• Phenylpropanolamine
  ...is to [[methcathinone]]. PPA can also be used in the [[Chemical synthesis|synthesis]] of [[phenmetrazine]] and [[4-methylaminorex]]. Synthesis is a standard [[Henry reaction]] between benzaldehyde and nitroethane, alth
  11 KB (1,420 words) - 13:15, 20 September 2010
• Ethylene oxide
  The first synthesis method had long remained the only, despite numerous attempts of scientists, ...metal, [[sodium hydroxide]] or [[boron trifluoride]] and are used for the synthesis of [[surfactants]].<ref name="oe3" />
  82 KB (11,709 words) - 21:31, 20 September 2010
• Carbon monoxide poisoning
  ...nterferes with aerobic metabolism and efficient [[adenosine triphosphate]] synthesis. Cells respond by switching to [[anaerobic metabolism]], causing [[Hypoxia ...levels of 30-90%.<ref>Sato K, Tamaki K, Hattori H, et al. Determination of total hemoglobin in forensic blood samples with special reference to carboxyhemog
  71 KB (9,723 words) - 21:31, 20 September 2010
• Arsenic
  ...ironment.<ref name="geosphere">{{cite journal|journal = The Science of the Total Environment|volume = 249|issues = 1–3|year = 2000|pages = 297–312| doi ...2 in As₄S₄]], which features As-As bonds so that the total covalency of As is still in fact three.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webel
  51 KB (7,314 words) - 21:34, 20 September 2010
• Chromium
  ...> although in some areas the ground water can contain up to 39&nbsp;µg of total chromium of which 30&nbsp;µg is present as Cr(VI).<ref>{{cite journal|titl ...D. Sutton, M. Brynda, J. C. Fettinger, G. J. Long, and P. P. Power|title = Synthesis of a Stable Compound with Fivefold Bonding Between Two Chromium(I) Centers|
  51 KB (7,299 words) - 21:34, 20 September 2010
• Formaldehyde
  ...r [[Earth's atmosphere|atmosphere]] may contribute up to 90 percent of the total formaldehyde in the environment. Formaldehyde is an intermediate in the oxi ==Synthesis and industrial production==
  34 KB (4,726 words) - 21:35, 20 September 2010
• Lead poisoning
  ...ns, increase corrositivity.<ref name="Maas2005" /> In the US, 14–20% of total lead exposure is attributed to [[drinking water]].<ref name="Maas2005">{{ci ...ett07-946"/> and alters the permeability of blood vessels and [[collagen]] synthesis.<ref name="Needleman04-AnnRev"/> Lead may also be harmful to the developin
  90 KB (13,109 words) - 21:36, 20 September 2010
• Mining
  ...rown through [[agriculture|agricultural]] processes, or created [[Chemical synthesis|artificially]] in a [[laboratory]] or [[factory]], is usually mined. Minin ...]] of mining companies was reported at US$962 billion, which compares to a total global market cap of publicly traded companies of about US$50 trillion in 2
  50 KB (7,414 words) - 21:36, 20 September 2010
• Lead
  ...n chloride media. The lead concentrations are plotted as a function of the total chloride present.<ref name="medusa"/> Production and consumption of lead is increasing worldwide. Total annual production is about 8&nbsp;million tonnes; about half is produced fr
  52 KB (7,694 words) - 21:36, 20 September 2010
• Scorpionate ligand
  ...any of the scorpionate ligands have a central [[boron]] atom which bears a total of four groups, but it is possible to create ligands which use other centra ...b>] with the anionic ligands, in the case of the thio crown ether a better synthesis would be to react [Mn(CO)₅(MeCN)].OTf with the crown in a non co
  9 KB (1,297 words) - 20:14, 21 September 2010
• Porphyrin
  ...reek]] word for ''[[purple]]''. The macrocycle has 26 [[pi electrons]] in total. The parent porphyrin is [[porphine]], and substituted porphines are called ==Synthesis==
  12 KB (1,605 words) - 20:15, 21 September 2010
• Metallacrown
  ...eveloped to mimic the nomenclature of crown ethers, which are named by the total number of atoms in the ring, followed by “C” for “crown,” and the ...metallacrown.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zaleski et al. |year= 2004|title= Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of a Large Lanthanide–Transition-Meta
  9 KB (1,186 words) - 20:16, 21 September 2010
• Citric acid
  Citric acid is one of the chemicals required for the synthesis of [[Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine|HMTD]], a highly heat-, friction-, a Citric acid was the first successful [[eluant]] used for total ion-exchange separation of the [[lanthanides]], during the [[Manhattan Proj
  20 KB (2,855 words) - 20:16, 21 September 2010
• Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
  ==Synthesis== ...cyanide]].<ref>[http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/edta/synthesis_of_edta.htm Synthesis of EDTA]</ref> This route yields the sodium salt, which can be converted in
  21 KB (3,011 words) - 16:51, 27 September 2010
• Acid dissociation constant
  ...ifluoromethyl)phenyl, a Sterically Crowded and Electron-withdrawing Group: Synthesis and Acidity of Pentakis(trifluoromethyl)benzene, -toluene, -phenol, and -an The total volume of added strong base should be small compared to the initial volume
  76 KB (11,861 words) - 20:17, 21 September 2010
• Equilibrium chemistry
  ...hase equilibrium is provided by the [[Haber-Bosch]] process of [[ammonia]] synthesis. ...ined by a condition of [[conservation of mass|mass-balance]], that is, the total (or analytical) concentration, which is the sum of all species' concentrati
  42 KB (6,675 words) - 20:17, 21 September 2010
• Hemoglobin
  ...es up about 97% of the red blood cell's dry content, and around 35% of the total content (including water){{Citation needed|date=February 2010}}. .../bja/53.12.1325|url= |issn=0007-0912 |ref=harv}}</ref> which increases the total [[blood oxygen capacity]] seventyfold.<ref name=brsphys>{{cite book |author
  67 KB (9,844 words) - 20:17, 21 September 2010
• Sulfuric acid
  ..., [[Oil refinery|oil refining]], [[wastewater processing]], and [[chemical synthesis]]. ...ANC) of the aquifer can neutralize the produced acid. In such cases, the [[total dissolved solids]] (TDS) concentration of the water can be increased from t
  37 KB (5,374 words) - 20:17, 21 September 2010
• Chemical equilibrium
  # The industrial synthesis such as [[ammonia]] in the [[Haber-Bosch process]] (depicted right) takes p ...equations of mass balance are simply statements that demonstrate that the total concentration of each reactant must be constant by the law of [[conservatio
  38 KB (5,847 words) - 20:17, 21 September 2010
• Phosphate homeostasis
  ...tle=Autotaxin is released from adipocytes, catalyzes lysophosphatidic acid synthesis, and activates preadipocyte proliferation. Up-regulated expression with adi ...sup> as inorganic phosphate and 3.5-4.3 x 10^-4 g/cm³ total (2.3-4.5 x 10^-5 g/cm³ and 1-1.5 x 10^-4 g/c
  63 KB (9,050 words) - 21:26, 21 September 2010
• Lymphatic System Assessment
  ...ular red marrow and a yellow fatty marrow. In the bone marrow is where the synthesis of stem cells occur.
  14 KB (2,113 words) - 21:26, 21 September 2010
• Vasodilation
  ...relationship between [[mean arterial pressure]], [[cardiac output]] and [[total peripheral resistance]] (TPR). Mathematically, cardiac output (blood flow m | [[NO receptor]] on [[endothelium]] || ↓[[Endothelin]] synthesis <ref name=lange6th>{{Cite book|author=Rod Flower; Humphrey P. Rang; Maureen
  13 KB (1,665 words) - 21:28, 21 September 2010
• Asymmetric dimethylarginine
  ...=1992 | title=Endogenous dimethyl-arginine as an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis | journal=J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol | volume=20 |issue=Suppli. 12 | pages=S6 ==Synthesis and regulation in the body==
  11 KB (1,513 words) - 21:29, 21 September 2010
• Resiniferatoxin
  ==Total synthesis== ...Yoshihide}}</ref> {{As of|2007}} this represented the only complete total synthesis of any member of the [[daphnane]] family of molecules.<ref>http://www.scrip
  5 KB (625 words) - 22:04, 21 September 2010
• Pulvinone
  ...ylfuran-2(5H)-one. [[Image:Pulvinone-FirstSyntheses.png|thumb|center|400px|Synthesis of pulvinone from vulpinic acid (Spiegel<ref name="Spiegel4"/>, top) and fr Interestingly, it is only a century after the synthesis of the first pulvinone that the word ''Pulvinone'' turned into a collective
  14 KB (2,037 words) - 22:05, 21 September 2010
• 2-Isopropyl-5-methyl-1-(2,6-dihydroxy-4-nonylphenyl)cyclohex-1-ene
  .... Razdan. The Total Synthesis of Cannabinoids. p245. Volume 4 of The Total Synthesis of Natural Products, edited by John Apsimon. Wiley Interscience. May 1981.
  2 KB (192 words) - 22:09, 21 September 2010
• Caryophyllene
  ...he time.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Corey EJ, Mitra RB, Uda H |title=Total Synthesis of ''d'',''l''-Caryophyllene and ''d'',''l''-Isocaryophyllene |journal=Jour
  12 KB (1,566 words) - 22:09, 21 September 2010
• Signal transduction
  The total strength of signal amplification by a GPCR is determined by: ...0px|thumb|right|'''Occurrence of the term “signal transduction”''' The total number of papers published in each year since 1977 containing the phrase '
  55 KB (7,677 words) - 22:12, 21 September 2010
• Phencyclidine
  ...gh the primary psychoactive effects of the drug lasts for a few hours, the total elimination rate from the body typically extends eight days or longer. ...ef>[http://www.erowid.org/archive/rhodium/chemistry/pcp/pcp_index.html PCP synthesis and effects: table of contents<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>{{Citation
  21 KB (3,002 words) - 21:02, 24 September 2010
• Quinine total synthesis
  ...in 2001 [[Gilbert Stork]] published the first [[stereoselective]] quinine synthesis and he shed doubt (calling it a myth) on the earlier claim in 1944 by [[Rob ...e molecule is [[optically active]] with four [[stereogenic]] groups making synthesis potentially difficult because it is one of 16 [[stereoisomer]]s.
  17 KB (2,355 words) - 22:15, 21 September 2010
• COX-2 inhibitor
  ...d protection of the [[gastrointestinal tract]], while prostaglandins whose synthesis involves the cyclooxygenase-II enzyme, or COX-2, are responsible for inflam ...bitors. Over the period of the study, COX-2 inhibitors rose from 10.03% of total NSAIDs prescribed by specialty physicians to 29.79%, and from 1.52% to 10.7
  30 KB (4,194 words) - 22:17, 21 September 2010
• Ethylene
  ...M. T.; Kim-Meade, A. S. "Ethylene" in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (Ed: L. Paquette) 2004, J. Wiley & Sons, New York. DOI: 10.1002/047084289.< ...ylene biosynthesis can be induced by endogenous or exogenous ethylene. ACC synthesis increases with high levels of [[auxin]]s, specially [[Indole]] [[acetic aci
  32 KB (4,462 words) - 21:01, 24 September 2010
• Xenon
  ...of the chemical elements|abundance]] of one part in 64&nbsp;million of the total mass.<ref>{{cite book ...exafluoride|{{chem|XeF|6}}]]. The fluorides are the starting point for the synthesis of almost all xenon compounds.
  82 KB (11,842 words) - 21:02, 24 September 2010
• Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid
  Synthesis of the chemical GHB was first reported in 1874 by [[Alexander Mikhaylovich ...e 717 patients and 182 healthy volunteers who took part in the trials (899 total), two of them died from drug overdoses, although only one of these involved
  55 KB (7,839 words) - 21:04, 24 September 2010
• Design closure
  *[[Logic synthesis]]: The RTL is mapped into a gate-level netlist in the target technology of ...se analysis tools were available and were used to guide manual fix-up. The total
  10 KB (1,560 words) - 14:47, 10 December 2011
• Logic optimization
  '''Logic optimization''', a part of [[logic synthesis]], is the process of finding an equivalent representation of the specified With the advent of [[logic synthesis]], one of the biggest challenges faced by the [[Electronic design automatio
  3 KB (433 words) - 14:48, 10 December 2011
• Bessel filter
  ...is the greatest number of terms that can be set to zero, since there are a total of four coefficients in the third order Bessel polynomial, requiring four e [[Category:Network synthesis filters]]
  6 KB (893 words) - 14:48, 10 December 2011
• Mechanical filter
  ...its (three total) and the shunt branches consist of shunt LC circuits (two total).|'''Figure 10b.''' Equivalent circuit of the semi-lumped circuit above]] ...nal |last1= Darlington |first1= S. |year= 1984|title= A history of network synthesis and filter theory for circuits composed of resistors, inductors, and capaci
  52 KB (7,784 words) - 14:49, 10 December 2011
• Equivalent impedance transforms
  ...group=note name=2-element>'''''n''-element'''. A network that contains a total of ''n'' elements of all kinds.</ref><ref group=note name=element-kind>'''' ...set to work calculating every last one of them. He arrived at an enormous total of 83,539 equivalents. This was too many to patent, so instead the informa
  32 KB (4,832 words) - 14:50, 10 December 2011
• Logic synthesis
  ...gate array|FPGA]]s, while others target the creation of [[ASIC]]s. Logic synthesis is one aspect of [[electronic design automation]]. == History of logic synthesis ==
  10 KB (1,332 words) - 14:50, 10 December 2011
• Network analysis (electrical circuits)
  ...lington]] {{cite journal |author=Darlington S |title=A history of network synthesis and filter theory for circuits composed of resistors, inductors, and capaci ...ited in the case of current generators. The total current through, or the total voltage across, a particular branch is then calculated by summing all the i
  34 KB (5,380 words) - 14:51, 10 December 2011
• Elliptic filter
  ...th>. The white spots are poles and the black spots are zeroes. There are a total of 16 poles and 8 double zeroes. What appears to be a single pole and zero [[Category:Network synthesis filters]]
  11 KB (1,690 words) - 14:51, 10 December 2011