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• Codeine
  ...ns predecessor agency. It is one of the most effective orally-administered opioid analgesics and has a wide safety margin. Its strength ranges from 8 to 12 p ...otably morphine, exert their effects by binding to and activating the μ-[[opioid receptor]].
  40 KB (5,581 words) - 16:45, 27 September 2010
• Atropine
  ...sometimes added to potentially addictive drugs, particularly anti-diarrhea opioid drugs such as [[diphenoxylate]] or [[difenoxin]], wherein the secretion-red [[da:Atropin]]
  16 KB (2,198 words) - 16:46, 27 September 2010
• Ketamine
  ...or=Hirota K, Sikand KS, Lambert DG |title=Interaction of ketamine with mu2 opioid receptors in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells |journal=Journal of Anesthes ...nting side effects.<ref name="elia" /> The combination of ketamine with an opioid is, however, particularly useful for pain caused by cancer.<ref>{{Cite jour
  69 KB (9,697 words) - 21:01, 24 September 2010
• Fluoxetine
  ...RG, Threlkeld PG, Bymaster FP |title=R-fluoxetine increases extracellular DA, NE, as well as 5-HT in rat prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus: an in vivo ...own effects on serotonin, fluoxetine also increases density of endogenous opioid receptors<ref>{{cite journal |author=de Gandarias JM, Echevarría E, Acebes
  52 KB (7,168 words) - 16:47, 27 September 2010
• Dopamine
  ...enyl)ethylamine;<br/> 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine;<br/> 3-hydroxytyramine; DA; Intropin; Revivan; Oxytyramine ...emical name is "4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol" and its abbreviation is "DA."
  48 KB (6,470 words) - 16:48, 27 September 2010
• Ibuprofen
  ...ite journal| author=Volans G, Hartley V, McCrea S, Monaghan J. | title=Non-opioid analgesic poisoning | journal=Clinical Medicine | year=2003 | pages=119–2 [[da:Ibuprofen]]
  29 KB (3,955 words) - 22:17, 21 September 2010
• Nitrous oxide
  ...of N₂O.<ref name="branda"/> Several experiments have shown that opioid receptor antagonists applied directly to the brain block the antinociceptiv ...1463.x}}</ref> Exactly how N₂O causes the release of endogenous opioid peptides is still uncertain.
  61 KB (8,728 words) - 16:50, 27 September 2010
• Morphine
  *Other [[opiate]]s and [[opioid]]s ([[narcotic]]s or [[analgesic]]s) ...]] [[analgesic]] [[medication]] and is considered to be the prototypical [[opioid]]. It was discovered in 1804 by Sertürner, first distributed by same in 1
  87 KB (12,376 words) - 16:51, 27 September 2010
• Paracetamol
  ...[[common cold|cold]] and [[Influenza|flu]] remedies. In combination with [[opioid analgesic]]s, paracetamol can also be used in the management of more severe In some formulations, paracetamol is combined with the [[opioid]] [[codeine]], sometimes referred to as [[co-codamol]] ([[British Approved
  54 KB (7,376 words) - 16:52, 27 September 2010
• Mydriasis
  ...ivinorum]] causes mydriasis. It works via agonism of the [[kappa-Opioid|κ-Opioid]] receptors in the brain. How the neurological changes induced by these dru ...asis occasionally occurs during [[Opioid_dependency#Symptoms_of_withdrawal|opioid rebound and withdrawal]]. <ref>http://www.nd.gov.hk/chapter_4b2_eng.pdf</re
  9 KB (1,223 words) - 09:40, 20 September 2010
• Endorphin
  '''Endorphins''' ("'''endo'''genous mo'''rphin'''e") are [[endogenous]] [[opioid]] [[peptide]]s that function as [[neurotransmitters]].<ref>Oswald Steward: [[Opioid peptide|Opioid neuropeptides]] were first discovered in 1974 by two independent groups of
  18 KB (2,467 words) - 22:06, 21 September 2010
• Analgesic
  ...idal anti-inflammatory drug]]s (NSAIDs) such as the [[salicylate]]s, and [[opioid]] drugs such as [[morphine]] and [[opium]]. They are distinct from [[anesth {{Main|Opioid|Opiate}}
  14 KB (1,807 words) - 22:06, 21 September 2010
• Menthol
  ...ed to relieve minor throat irritation. Menthol also acts as a weak [[kappa Opioid receptor]] [[agonist]]. ...esic]] properties that are mediated through a selective activation of κ-[[opioid receptors]].<ref>{{cite journal | author = Galeottia, N., Mannellia, L.D.C.
  15 KB (2,008 words) - 22:07, 21 September 2010
• AM-1241
  ...mediated through CB₂-mediated peripheral release of endogeous [[opioid peptide]]s,<ref name="pmid15705714">{{cite journal |author=Ibrahim MM, Porr
  6 KB (812 words) - 22:09, 21 September 2010
• Tetrahydrocannabinol
  ...ist [[rimonabant]] (SR141716A) as well as [[opioid receptor]] antagonists (opioid blockers) [[naloxone]] and [[naloxonazine]].<ref name="Lupica 2004">{{cite ...d YL|date=2007|title=Adolescent cannabis exposure alters opiate intake and opioid limbic neuronal populations in adult rats|journal=Neuropsychopharmacology|v
  50 KB (6,686 words) - 22:09, 21 September 2010
• Signal transduction
  ...endorphins]]<ref name=goldstein>{{cite journal|author =Goldstein, A.|title=Opioid peptides endorphins in pituitary and brain|journal=Science|year=1976|volume ...nergic receptor]]s, neurotransmitter receptors, [[olfactory receptor]]s, [[opioid receptor]]s, [[chemokine receptor]]s, and [[rhodopsin]].
  55 KB (7,677 words) - 22:12, 21 September 2010
• Buprenorphine
  ...diction in higher dosages (>2&nbsp;mg) and to control moderate pain in non-opioid tolerant individuals in lower dosages (~200&nbsp;µg). ...uprenorphine's high-dose sublingual pill preparations, were approved for [[opioid]] addiction treatment in September 2006. In the [[Netherlands]], Buprenorph
  59 KB (8,561 words) - 22:13, 21 September 2010
• Methadone
  ...chemically unlike [[morphine]] or [[heroin]], methadone also acts on the [[opioid receptor]]s and thus produces many of the same effects. Methadone is also u ...on of effect. Oral doses of methadone can stabilise patients by mitigating opioid [[withdrawal]] syndrome. Higher doses of methadone can block the euphoric e
  61 KB (8,865 words) - 22:13, 21 September 2010
• Phencyclidine
  ...ine, haloperidol and pimozide in the treatment of phencyclidine psychosis: DA-2 receptor specificity |journal=Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology ...nits - this may well be mediated by the lack of related efficacy at the mu-opioid receptor, though the NMDAR certainly does play a role in transmission of pa
  21 KB (3,002 words) - 21:02, 24 September 2010
• Salvia divinorum
  ...potential]];<ref name="Zhang2005pabs" /><ref name="Valdés1983" /> as a κ-opioid agonist. ...ot contain a [[Base (chemistry)|basic]] [[nitrogen]]), unlike most known [[opioid receptor]] [[ligand]]s.<ref name="Harding2006p107">[[#refHarding2006|Hardin
  133 KB (18,241 words) - 22:14, 21 September 2010

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