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...y [[Philip Miller]] is actually the ''[[Solanum houstonii|S. houstonii]]'' of Martyn.'' ...''' ('''''Solanum carolinense''''') is not a true [[nettle]], but a member of the [[Solanaceae]], or [[nightshade]] family. It is a perennial herbaceous

...d covers over and contain a [[spadix]] ("Jack"), covered with tiny flowers of both sexes. The flowers are unisexual, in small plants most if not all the ...ing a plant with a single rounded leaf. Seedlings need three or more years of growth before they become large enough to flower.

...at Lakes]] region and was first spotted in 1843<ref>{{cite web |title=List of invasive species in the Great Lakes Great Lakes United / Union Saint-Lauren ...shaped, and often lobed at the base. The [[flower]]s are in loose clusters of 3–20, (1–1.5&nbsp;cm) across, star-shaped, with five purple petals and

...name="feis"/> The plant is extremely common in suburban and exurban areas of New England, the Mid-Atlantic, and southeastern United States. Similar spec ...not grow in [[desert]] or [[arid]] conditions. It grows in a wide variety of [[soil]] types, and [[soil pH]] from 6.0 (acidic) to 7.9 (moderately alkali

...er=[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/interchange/I_treat_indexes.html University of California Berkley Jepson Treaments] |accessdate=2009-06-05}}</ref> ...ography |author=Holt, Catharine |date=1946 |page=310 |publisher=University of California, Berkeley}}</ref> The seeds were used to make [[Pinole (staple)|

..., northern [[Africa]], and [[North America]], and is the best-known member of the [[nettle]] genus ''[[Urtica]]''. ...e]], [[5-HT]] or [[serotonin]], and possibly [[formic acid]]. This mixture of chemical compounds cause a painful sting or [[paresthesia]] from which the

...ropagation|propagation]], the combustible material present, and the effect of weather on the fire.<ref name=UToronto /> ...cial effects on wilderness areas. Some plant species depend on the effects of fire for growth and reproduction,<ref name=NOVA /> although large wildfires

| image_alt = A short green plant with many elliptical shaped leaves of arcuate venation ...[cloud forest]] in the isolated [[Sierra Madre de Oaxaca|Sierra Mazateca]] of [[Oaxaca]], Mexico, growing in shady and moist locations.<ref name=Reisfiel