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• Naloxone
  ...id-overdose-antidote-naloxone-over-counter-will-save-lives | title=Selling opioid overdose antidote Naloxone over counter 'will save lives' | publisher=The G ...].<ref name=AHFS2015/> Naloxone may be combined within the same pill as an opioid to decrease the risk of misuse.<!-- <ref name=AHFS2015/> --> When given [[i
  33 KB (4,541 words) - 10:57, 17 June 2016
• Atropine
  ...g. However, by blocking the action of [[acetylcholine]] at [[muscarinic]] receptors, atropine also serves as a treatment for poisoning by [[organophosphate]] [ ...imation, Salivation, and Sweating (only sympathetic innervation using Musc receptors).
  16 KB (2,198 words) - 16:46, 27 September 2010
• Ketamine
  ...ta K, Sikand KS, Lambert DG |title=Interaction of ketamine with mu2 opioid receptors in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells |journal=Journal of Anesthesia |volume ...nting side effects.<ref name="elia" /> The combination of ketamine with an opioid is, however, particularly useful for pain caused by cancer.<ref>{{Cite jour
  69 KB (9,697 words) - 21:01, 24 September 2010
• Fluoxetine
  ...rl=}}</ref> This effect may be mediated by 5HT2a and, in particular, 5HT2c receptors, which are inhibited by higher concentrations of fluoxetine. The Ely Lilly ...ects on serotonin, fluoxetine also increases density of endogenous opioid receptors<ref>{{cite journal |author=de Gandarias JM, Echevarría E, Acebes I, Abecia
  52 KB (7,168 words) - 16:47, 27 September 2010
• Dopamine
  ...7 |pmid=17585966 |doi=10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.05.024 }}</ref> as well as D4 receptors<ref>Browman KE, Curzon P, Pan JB, Molesky AL, Komater VA, Decker MW, Brioni ==== Opioid and cannabinoid transmission ====
  48 KB (6,470 words) - 16:48, 27 September 2010
• Nitrous oxide
  ...ytic effect in mice in the elevated plus maze: mediation by benzodiazepine receptors|author = Emmanouil, D.E., Johnson, C.H. & Quock, R.M.|journal = Psychopharm ...of N₂O.<ref name="branda"/> Several experiments have shown that opioid receptor antagonists applied directly to the brain block the antinociceptiv
  61 KB (8,728 words) - 16:50, 27 September 2010
• Morphine
  *Other [[opiate]]s and [[opioid]]s ([[narcotic]]s or [[analgesic]]s) ...]] [[analgesic]] [[medication]] and is considered to be the prototypical [[opioid]]. It was discovered in 1804 by Sertürner, first distributed by same in 1
  87 KB (12,376 words) - 16:51, 27 September 2010
• Paracetamol
  ...[[common cold|cold]] and [[Influenza|flu]] remedies. In combination with [[opioid analgesic]]s, paracetamol can also be used in the management of more severe In some formulations, paracetamol is combined with the [[opioid]] [[codeine]], sometimes referred to as [[co-codamol]] ([[British Approved
  54 KB (7,376 words) - 16:52, 27 September 2010
• Mydriasis
  ...[sympathetic nervous system]]. Sympathetic stimulation of α1 [[adrenergic receptors]] causes the [[Muscle contraction|contraction]] of the [[radial muscle]], ...eceptor|muscarinic acetylcholine]] receptors in the eye. By blocking these receptors, the pupils are no longer capable of constriction and dilation results. Su
  9 KB (1,223 words) - 09:40, 20 September 2010
• Medetomidine
  ...rug/combination with a lesser effect (i.e. Acetylpromazine + an Opioid, an Opioid + a Benzodiapezine) would not allow the administration of the inductive age ...ders Blomberg [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20488921%20 ''Octopamine receptors from the barnacle Balanus improvisus are activated by the alpha2-adrenocept
  6 KB (885 words) - 13:14, 20 September 2010
• Nefopam
  ...morphine and other opioids by broadening the antinociceptive action of the opioid and possibly other mechanisms, generally lowering the dose requirements of ...an alternative to opioids, or as an adjunctive treatment for use alongside opioid(s) or other analgesics.<ref name="Heel">{{cite journal | author= Heel RC, B
  9 KB (1,159 words) - 22:06, 21 September 2010
• Gabapentin
  ...inobutyric acid ('''GABA'''), but is not believed to act on the same brain receptors. ...rity of withdrawal symptoms experienced by those physically dependent on [[opioid]] analgesics, such as [[heroin]], [[morphine]], and [[oxycodone]].<ref>[htt
  30 KB (4,025 words) - 22:06, 21 September 2010
• Endorphin
  '''Endorphins''' ("'''endo'''genous mo'''rphin'''e") are [[endogenous]] [[opioid]] [[peptide]]s that function as [[neurotransmitters]].<ref>Oswald Steward: [[Opioid peptide|Opioid neuropeptides]] were first discovered in 1974 by two independent groups of
  18 KB (2,467 words) - 22:06, 21 September 2010
• Analgesic
  ...idal anti-inflammatory drug]]s (NSAIDs) such as the [[salicylate]]s, and [[opioid]] drugs such as [[morphine]] and [[opium]]. They are distinct from [[anesth {{Main|Opioid|Opiate}}
  14 KB (1,807 words) - 22:06, 21 September 2010
• Kratom
  ...cology is quite different, acting primarily as [[Mu opioid receptor|mu]]-[[opioid receptor]] agonists. Other active chemicals in kratom include [[raubasine] ...ohimbine]] and [[ibogaine]] but which act on the brain primarily on opiate receptors. The subjective effects of kratom use are similar to the effects of opiate
  17 KB (2,570 words) - 22:07, 21 September 2010
• Menthol
  ...ed to relieve minor throat irritation. Menthol also acts as a weak [[kappa Opioid receptor]] [[agonist]]. Menthol's ability to chemically trigger the cold-sensitive [[TRPM8]] receptors in the skin is responsible for the well known cooling sensation that it pro
  15 KB (2,008 words) - 22:07, 21 September 2010
• AM-1241
  ...mediated through CB₂-mediated peripheral release of endogeous [[opioid peptide]]s,<ref name="pmid15705714">{{cite journal |author=Ibrahim MM, Porr
  6 KB (812 words) - 22:09, 21 September 2010
• Tetrahydrocannabinol
  ...n cells of the [[immune system]]. It acts as a partial [[agonist]] on both receptors, i.e., it activates them but not to their full extent. The psychoactive eff ...ist [[rimonabant]] (SR141716A) as well as [[opioid receptor]] antagonists (opioid blockers) [[naloxone]] and [[naloxonazine]].<ref name="Lupica 2004">{{cite
  50 KB (6,686 words) - 22:09, 21 September 2010
• Neuromodulation
  ...r case the receptors are typically 7-membrane spanning [[G-protein coupled receptors]] while in the latter case they are [[ligand-gated ion channels]]. The form | [[Locus coeruleus]] || [[adrenergic receptors]] in:
  11 KB (1,374 words) - 22:11, 21 September 2010
• Signal transduction
  ...as testosterone, can pass through the cell membrane, and bind directly to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus. ...hin the [[cytoplasm]], and usually act by stimulating the binding of their receptors to the [[promotor (biology)|promoter region]] of steroid-responsive [[genes
  55 KB (7,677 words) - 22:12, 21 September 2010

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