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...ptic neuron will not depolarize and will thus fail to transmit an [[action potential]]. This creates the anaesthetic effect by not merely preventing pain signal ...esias; lidocaine, on the other hand, has the advantage of a rapid onset of action. [[Adrenaline]] vasoconstricts arteries and hence delays the resorption of

...''et al.'' |title=Potentiation of low dose ketamine effects by naltrexone: potential implications for the pharmacotherapy of alcoholism |journal=Neuropsychophar ...so in a setting where a trained physician is available if needed to assess potential adverse effects on patients.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Severe Pain Re

...inoatrial node|sinoatrial]] and AV nodes. A less negative resting membrane potential is made, leading to increased excitability. Other, more indirect effects ar ...decreased QT interval because of the altered duration of decreased action potential. Also, the T wave is inverted, accompanied by ST depression. It may cause A

...e then released into the [[synapse]] in response to a presynaptic [[action potential]]. ...themselves. This activity is characterized by irregular [[Pacemaker action potential|pacemaking]] activity of single spikes, and rapid bursts of typically 2-6 s

...ll be increased by increasing the frequency of action potential (pacemaker potential) of sinoatrial node, reduction in the delay time in the atrioventricular no ...athetic system. The heart rate will be decreased be making the [[pacemaker potential]] slower. Stroke volume will be decreased by decreasing the stimulation of

...channels]]. It also causes elongation of re-polarisation after an [[action potential]].<ref>Current Opinion in Pharmacology 2007, 7:208–213</ref>

The [[cardiac action potential]] spreads distally to the small branches of the Purkinje tree via the flux ...um, but also has a slower intrinsic pacemaker activity. The cardiac action potential is propagated down the [[bundle of His]] to [[Purkinje fibres]] which rapid

...molecules, known as [[endorphins]]. Electroanalgesia has a lower addictive potential and poses less health threats to the general public, but can cause serious ...hydrocephalus]], [[epilepsy]], [[glaucoma]], [[malignant hypertension]], [[pacemaker]] or other implanted electronic device; recent [[cerebral trauma]], [[nervo

...the [[plasma membrane]] of all living [[cell (biology)|cell]]s (see [[cell potential]]) by allowing the flow of [[ion]]s down their [[electrochemical gradient]] Voltage-gated ion channels open and close in response to [[membrane potential]].