Difference between revisions of "Calcium gluconate"

Latest revision as of 15:42, 27 September 2010

Calcium gluconate
File:Calcium gluconate.svg
IUPAC name calcium (2R,3S,4R,5R)- 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate
style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2" | Identifiers
CAS number	299-28-5 Y
PubChem	9290
ChemSpider	8932
SMILES	Script error: No such module "collapsible list".
InChI	Script error: No such module "collapsible list".
InChI key	NEEHYRZPVYRGPP-QFKJHGNTBC
style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2" | Properties
Molecular formula	C12H22CaO14
Molar mass	430.373
Y (what is this?)  (verify) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Calcium gluconate is a mineral supplement.

Uses

Hypocalcemia

It is the form of calcium most widely used in the treatment of hypocalcemia. This form of calcium is superior to calcium lactate, but it only contains 0.93%(930mg/100ml) calcium. Calcium gluconate is a salt of calcium and gluconic acid.

Magnesium sulfate overdose

It is also used to counteract an overdose of magnesium sulfate,^[1] which is often administered to pregnant women in order to prophylactically prevent seizures (as in patient experiencing preeclampsia). Magnesium sulfate is also given to pregnant women who are experiencing premature labor in order to slow or stop their contractions. Excess magnesium sulfate results in magnesium sulfate toxicity, which results in both respiratory depression and a loss of deep tendon reflexes (hyporeflexia). Calcium gluconate is the antidote for magnesium sulfate toxicity.

Treatment of HF burns

Gel preparations of calcium gluconate are used to treat hydrofluoric acid burns.^[2][3]

Use in Hyperkalemia

Calcium gluconate is also used as a cardioprotective agent in hyperkalemia. Though it does not have an effect on potassium levels in the blood, it reduces the excitability of cardiomyocytes thus lowering the likelihood of developing cardiac arrhythmias.

Side Effects

Calcium gluconate side effects include nausea, constipation, stomach upset. Extravasation of calcium gluconate can lead to cellulitis. It is also reported that this form of calcium increases renal plasma flow, diuresis, natriuresis, ^{[4] [5]} glomerular filtration rate,^[6] and prostaglandin E2 and F1-alpha levels.^[7]

Rapid intravenous injections of calcium gluconate may cause vasodilation, cardiac arrhythmias, decreased blood pressure, and bradycardia. Intramuscular injections may lead to local necrosis and abscess formation. ^[8]

References

See also

• Calcium lactate gluconate

de:Calciumgluconat fr:Pentahydroxyéthanoate de calcium hu:Kalcium-glukonát nl:Calciumgluconaat ja:グルコン酸カルシウム pt:Gluconato de cálcio

1. ↑ Omu AE, Al-Harmi J, Vedi HL, Mlechkova L, Sayed AF, Al-Ragum NS (2008). "Magnesium sulphate therapy in women with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Kuwait". Med Princ Pract. 17 (3): 227–32. doi:10.1159/000117797. PMID 18408392. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
2. ↑ el Saadi MS, Hall AH, Hall PK, Riggs BS, Augenstein WL, Rumack BH (1989). "Hydrofluoric acid dermal exposure". Vet Hum Toxicol. 31 (3): 243–7. PMID 2741315. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
3. ↑ Roblin I, Urban M, Flicoteau D, Martin C, Pradeau D (2006). "Topical treatment of experimental hydrofluoric acid skin burns by 2.5% calcium gluconate". J Burn Care Res. 27 (6): 889–94. doi:10.1097/01.BCR.0000245767.54278.09. PMID 17091088. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
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