Desflurane
| File:Desflurane2.png | |
| File:Desflurane-3D-balls.png | |
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
|---|---|
|
2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-ethane | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Metabolism | Not metabolized |
| Biological half-life | Elimination dependent on minute ventilation |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 57041-67-5 |
| ATC code | N01AB07 (WHO) |
| PubChem | CID 42113 |
| DrugBank | APRD00907 |
| ChemSpider | 38403 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C3H2F6O |
| Molar mass | 168.038 g/mol[[Script error: No such module "String".]] |
| Script error: No such module "collapsible list". | |
| (verify) | |
Desflurane (2,2,2-trifluoro-1-fluoroethyl-difluoromethyl ether) is a highly fluorinated methyl ethyl ether used for maintenance of general anesthesia. Together with sevoflurane, it is gradually replacing isoflurane for human use, except in the third world where its high cost precludes its use. It has the most rapid onset and offset of the volatile anesthetic drugs used for general anesthesia due to its low solubility in blood.
The major drawbacks of desflurane are its low potency, its pungency and its high cost. It may cause tachycardia and airway irritability when administered at concentrations greater than 10 vol%. Due to this airway irritability, Desflurane is infrequently used to induce anesthesia via inhalation techniques.
Though it vaporises very readily, it is a liquid at room temperature. Anaesthetic machines are fitted with a specialized anaesthetic vaporiser unit that heats liquid desflurane to a constant temperature. This enables the agent to be available at a constant vapor pressure, negating the effects that fluctuating ambient temperatures would otherwise have on its concentration imparted into the fresh gas flow of the anesthesia machine.
Desflurane, along with enflurane and to a lesser extent isoflurane, has been shown to react with the carbon dioxide absorbent in anesthesia circuits to produce detectable levels of carbon monoxide through degradation of the anesthetic agent. The CO2 absorbent, Baralyme, when dried, is most culpable for the production of carbon monoxide from desflurane degradation, although it is also seen with soda lime absorbent as well. Dry conditions in the carbon dioxide absorbent are conducive to this phenomenon, such as those resulting from high fresh gas flows.[1]
Physical properties
| Boiling point : | 23.5 °C | (at 1 atm) | |
| Density : | 1.465 g/cm³ | (at 20 °C) | |
| Molecular Weight : | 168 | ||
| Vapor pressure: | 88.5 kPa | 672 mmHg | (at 20 °C) |
| 107 kPa | 804 mmHg | (at 24 °C) | |
| Blood:Gas partition coefficient : | 0.42 | ||
| Oil:Gas partition coefficient : | 19 | ||
| MAC : | 6 vol % |
References
Cite error: Invalid <references> tag;
parameter "group" is allowed only.
<references />, or <references group="..." />Book references and Additional Reading
- Eger, Eisenkraft, Weiskopf. The Pharmacology of Inhaled Anesthetics. 2003.
- Rang, Dale, Ritter, Moore. Pharmacology 5th Edition. 2003.
- Martin Bellgardt: Evaluation der Sedierungstiefe und der Aufwachzeiten frisch operierter Patienten mit neurophysiologischem Monitoring im Rahmen der Studie: Desfluran versus Propofol zur Sedierung beatmeter Patienten. Bochum, Dissertation, 2005 (pdf)
- Susanne Lohmann: Verträglichkeit, Nebenwirkungen und Hämodynamik der inhalativen Sedierung mit Desfluran im Rahmen der Studie: Desfluran versus Propofol zur Sedierung beatmeter Patienten. Bochum, Dissertation, 2006 (pdf)
- Patel SS, Goa KL. (1995) "Desflurane. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and its efficacy in general anaesthesia." Drugs Oct;50(4):742-67. PMID: 8536556.
es:Desflurano fr:Desflurane it:Desflurano hu:Dezflurán nl:Desfluraan pl:Desfluran pt:Desflurano
sv:Desfluran- ↑ Fang; et al. (1995). "Carbon Monoxide Production from Degradation of Desflurane" (PDF). Anesthesia and Analgesia.
