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...y from the above description, with different recycling and crystallisation processes. ...eets (and [[carrots]]) in 1747, but the methods did not lend themselves to industrial scale production.

Competing welding processes such as [[resistance welding]] and [[oxyfuel welding]] were developed durin ...arc welding, flux cored arc welding, and submerged arc welding. In these processes, arc length is kept constant, since any fluctuation in the distance between

...on medium (air, oxygen or steam) and the fuel moisture. Steam-gasification processes typically yield high hydrogen contents, downdraft fixed bed gasifiers yield Another application is the use of producer gas to displace LDO in industrial furnaces.<ref>[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V

== Industrial hydroelectric plants == ...public electricity networks, some are created to serve specific [[industry|industrial]] enterprises. Dedicated hydroelectric projects are often built to provide

...tch (resin)|petroleum pitch]]. It can be produced by one of the following processes: ...ses. This is generally done by using one or a combination of the following processes:

...[[carboxylic acid]]s. It is an important [[reagent|chemical reagent]] and industrial chemical, used in the production of [[polyethylene terephthalate]] mainly u ...me='martin'>{{cite book|last = Martin|first = Geoffrey|year = 1917|title = Industrial and Manufacturing Chemistry|edition = Part 1, Organic|location = London|pub

...k “Glucose and Glucose-Containing Syrups” in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. {{DOI| 10.1002/14356007.a12_457.pub2}} ...chological processes. When [[Hypoglycaemia|glucose is low]], psychological processes requiring mental effort (e.g., [[self-control]], effortful decision-making)

...the gas is decomposed before release for environmental protection. Greener processes may prevail that substitute [[hydrogen peroxide]] for nitric acid oxidation ...r Rupture July 2, 2001] Report at CGA Seminar “Safety and Reliability of Industrial Gases, Equipment and Facilities”, October 15–17, 2001, St. Louis, Misso

...ed to have unrecorded production of mercury from copper [[electrowinning]] processes and by recovery from effluents. One of the worst [[industrial disasters]] in history was caused by the dumping of mercury compounds into

...ear = 2007|chapter = Manufacture and uses of the anilines: A vast array of processes and products|editor = Zvi Rappoport|title = The chemistry of Anilines Part

...oap]]s, [[detergent]]s, and other bath products. It is the major source of industrial chlorine and [[sodium hydroxide]], and used in almost every industry. Sodium chloride is used in other chemical processes for the large-scale production of compounds containing sodium or chlorine.

...cous]] to economically remove fillers, and would be damaged by many of the processes that could cheaply remove the added dyes. Additives are less widely used in ==Processes==

...'&nbsp;[[Geomorphology|Features&nbsp;Produced&nbsp;by&nbsp;Geomorphic&nbsp;Processes]] ...;and&nbsp;[[Biosynthesis]] '''3.2.3'''&nbsp;[[Molecular biology|Vital&nbsp;Processes&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;Molecular&nbsp;Level]]

...in many [[cleaning]] products, in a number of industrial and construction processes, and occasionally as a [[Edible paper|food ingredient]], particularly in As ...gan.<ref name="Burns 1996, 417f.">{{harvnb|Burns|1996|pp=417f.}}</ref> The industrial production of paper in the early 19th century caused significant cultural c

...ceramic]]s, but many different ceramic materials are now used in domestic, industrial and building products. ...d other variations. (See also Ceramic forming techniques. Details of these processes are described in the two books listed below.) A few methods use a hybrid be

...unique properties are being exploited in a wide range of technological and industrial fields. One of their major roles, however, seems to be the one played in bi ...to coating flat objects), the environmental benefits of using water-based processes, reasonable costs, and the utilization of the particular chemical propertie

...hotoresist''' is a [[light]]-sensitive material used in several industrial processes, such as [[photolithography]] and [[photoengraving]] to form a patterned co

...ASMP crosslinking|right]]Light activated shape memory polymers (LASMP) use processes of photo-crosslinking and photo-cleaving to change ''T_g''. Photo ===Industrial applications===

...he technique is used industrially to check the viscosity of fluids used in processes. It includes many different oils, and [[polymer]] liquids such as solutions ...Norcross. Principle of viscosity measurement in this rugged and sensitive industrial device is based on piston and cylinder assembly. Piston is periodically rai

...). Packaging marked with this symbol can be put into industrial composting processes and will break down within 6 months (or less). An example of a compostable ...ese biodegradable biopolymers are [[compostable]]: they can be put into an industrial composting process and will break down by 90% within 6 months. Biopolymers

...not melt in the dishwasher, and do not melt during industrial hot filling processes. For this reason, most plastic tubs for dairy products are polypropylene se

...t the information below may not be correct, as the current definitions and processes in this article can allow most powders mixed with other liquids to be consi ...ocess, widely used in the [[pharmaceutical]] industry, is among the oldest industrial procedures for forming small, coated particles or tablets. The particles ar

...iccant bed is re-heated in a process heater and sent back through the same processes in a closed loop. Typically residual moisture levels in the resin must be l ...in most cases. [[Cold drawing|Fiber drawing]] is among the few industrial processes that produce a nearly single-crystal product.

...of Polyelectrolyte Characteristics during Postpolymerization Modification Processes | journal = Macromolecules | year = 2007 | volume = 40 | issue = | pages=4 ...tempting to monitor and characterize polymerization reactions in an R&D or industrial setting. Current monitoring methods for polymerization reactions are limit

...use heavier crude oils have too much carbon and not enough hydrogen, these processes generally involve removing carbon from or adding hydrogen to the molecules, ...an be converted into crude oil using heat and pressure to simulate natural processes. The method has been known for centuries and was patented in 1694 under Bri

...chemical reactivity they require [[electrolysis|electrolytic]] extraction processes. The alloys of aluminium, titanium and magnesium are valued for their high ...code. The best-known precious metals are gold and silver. While both have industrial uses, they are better known for their uses in [[art]], [[jewelry]], and [[c

...la]] called [[De re metallica]] describes the highly developed and complex processes of mining metal ores, metal extraction and metallurgy of the time. Agricola In [[industrial engineering|production engineering]], metallurgy is concerned with the prod

...s = 126–138|title = Platinum Metals: A Survey of Productive Resources to industrial Uses|url = http://www.platinummetalsreview.com/pdf/pmr-v13-i4-126-138.pdf}} ...erground and submerged structures, and for electrolytic cells for chemical processes such as [[Chlorine production|generating chlorine]] from salt water.<ref>{{

...some foams to an existing building structure because of the chemicals and processes involved. ...ing cause of workplace-related asthma and pulmonary disorders in many post-industrial countries.<ref>{{cite web

...materials used to reduce the rate of [[heat transfer]], or the methods and processes used to reduce heat transfer. [[Heat]] energy can be transferred by [[Heat ...f comfort. Both heat-transfer and layer analyses can be performed in large industrial applications, but in household situations (appliances and building insulati

...Crushed stone can be used without binder for a variety of construction or industrial applications, or it may be mixed with a matrix binding material, such as bi

...ill health effects that are possible from overexposure and lack of proper industrial [[hygiene]] procedures when working with MMMF.{{Citation needed|date=Decemb ...; in fact, it was formed underground through essentially the same geologic processes as the contaminants. A vermiculite mine in [[Virginia]] has also been foun

Fulling involves two processes&mdash;scouring and milling (thickening). These are followed by stretching ...illing in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds: A Survey of the Evidence for an Industrial Revolution in Medieval Europe", ''Technology and Culture'' '''46''' (1): 1-

...This volume growth is commonly described as “bulk development”. All processes using temperature and/or moisture to give textiles one of the above mention == Current heat setting processes ==

===Indutech (Industrial Textiles)=== ...technology, lifting/conveying equipment, sound-proofing elements, melting processes, roller covers, grinding technology, insulations, seals, fuel cell,

...750 to 1850 | Textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution|current industrial techniques, that is techniques used after 1850 | Textile manufacturing }} ...Cloth is [[finishing (textiles)|finished]] by what are described as [[wet processes]] to become fabric. The fabric may be [[dyeing|dyed]], printed or decorate

....jpg|thumb|left|A [[Spinning Jenny]], spinning machine which initiated the Industrial Revolution]] ...W. Norton, 1994, p. 44</ref>, and yarn spinning was one of the very first processes to be [[industrialized]]. Spun yarns may contain a single type of fiber, or

...ngthening in [[composite material]]s such as [[fiberglass|fibreglass]] and industrial [[geotextile]]s. Children can learn using textiles to make [[collage]]s, [[ Textiles used for industrial purposes, and chosen for characteristics other than their appearance, are c

[[Category:Industrial processes]]

...processing techniques today and before 1750 | Textile manufacturing by pre-industrial methods}} ...s. There remains a large industry that uses [[Textile manufacturing by pre-industrial methods|hand techniques]] to achieve the same results.

...Toiletries, 1986, 101, 21-44</ref> Lanolin derivatives obtained from these processes are used widely in both high-value [[cosmetic]] and skin treatment products Lanolin is used commercially in many industrial products ranging from [[rust]]-proof coatings to [[lubricant]]s. Some [[sai

...considerably when it melts and this allows its use in [[thermostat]]s for industrial, domestic and, particularly, automobile purposes.<ref>[http://www.freepaten In industrial applications, it is often useful to modify the crystal properties of the pa

...chemical additive that reduces and hinders the formation of [[foam]] in [[industrial process]] liquids. The terms anti-foam agent and defoamer are often used in A defoamer is normally used in industrial processes to increase speed and reduce other problems. It addresses both problems wi

In addition to industrial applications, lubricants are used for many other purposes. Other uses inclu ...r the science of lubrication ([[tribology]]) really only took off with the industrial revolution in the nineteenth century.

...roduced in [[USA]] before the mid-1940s. In [[Western Europe]] large scale industrial production started in the beginning of 1960s. ...sources to maintain legal, sustainable forestry practices by implementing processes such as forest certification systems and chain of custody standards2; and

...was replaced in the 19th century by the cylinder, sheet, and rolled plate processes, but it is still used in traditional construction and restoration. ...ginally developed in the early 1900s to provide natural light in [[Factory|industrial factories]].

...50px|[[Gypsum]]-based plaster used in spray [[fireproofing]] in a low-rise industrial [[building]] in [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]].]] ...faces, as in [[Venetian Plaster]] or stenciling raised details. For these processes, limestone or acrylic based plaster may be employed. {{Citation needed|date

...g degrees of hydraulicity, making them unsuitable for today’s industrial processes but due to its water resistancy suitable for building. Most of those kilns

...[[cutlery]], [[hardware]], [[surgical instruments]], [[major appliances]], industrial equipment e.g. in [[sugar refinery|sugar refineries]], and as an automotive ...riginates from end-of-life products and about 60% comes from manufacturing processes.<ref>{{cite web

...(sandstone or quartzite).<ref>L. Mead and G.S. Austin "Dimension Stone", ''Industrial Minerals and Rocks'', 7th Edition, Littleton CO: AIME-Society of Mining Eng Dimension stone is one of the most sustainable of the industrial minerals since it is created by separating it from the natural bedrock unde

There are many types of [[heat treatment|heat treating]] processes available to steel. The most common are [[annealing (metallurgy)|annealing] ...ch as [[I-beam]]s and [[rail tracks|rails]]. In modern [[foundries]] these processes often occur in one [[assembly line]], with ore coming in and finished steel

...g charcoal, by the [[bloomery]] process, in a [[finery forge]] or from the industrial revolution in a [[Lancashire hearth]]. The resulting metal was highly vari ...r and R. Balasubramaniam, ''International Journal of Metals, Materials and Processes'', Volume 14 (2002) pp. 1–14</ref> Furthermore, the presence of phosphoru

...nterstate Rule also requested that the power plants install new scrubbers (industrial pollution control devices) to remove sulfur dioxide present in the output w ...e up to 17% of drywall is wasted during the manufacturing and installation processes{{Citation needed|date=February 2007}} and the drywall material is frequentl

{{About|industrial hemp|its psychoactive variant|Cannabis (drug)|the biology of the plant|Cann ...riety of appearances for cannabis. Only ''C. sativa'' (left) is suited for industrial hemp, but it also has medicinal varieties.]]

The processes used vary dramatically, from hand tools to heavy industry, but result in th Concrete can be damaged by many processes such as, e.g., the expansion of [[corrosion]] products of the steel [[rebar

...[[planetary science]] communities, although applications to biological and industrial systems are beginning to emerge.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dauphas | first1 ...this context known as [[pig iron]]) using [[finery forge]]s. For all these processes, [[charcoal]] was required as fuel.

..., [[pneumatics|pneumatic]] or [[hydraulic]] sources. For example a typical industrial machine may contain things like hot fluids, moving presses, blades, propell In industrial processes it can be difficult to establish where the appropriate danger sources might

...ys must be repeated when there are significant changes in machinery and/or processes that would affect the noise level.<ref>OSHA 1910.95 appendix (G)</ref> ...of the proper hpd to be worn is commonly done by an [[Occupational hygiene|industrial hygienist]] so that the proper amount of noise protection is worn. OSHA re

...=11029273| doi=10.1006/rtph.2000.1408| issue=1}}</ref> In most cases, good industrial hygiene and work practices should be adequate to reduce or eliminate sympto * [[List of duplicating processes]]

In a wide variety of industrial environments workers may be expected to enter a variety of areas and spaces ...when undertaking hazard identification, risk assessment or control of risk processes under these Regulations which relate to work in a confined space that may a

...gfried Rebsdat, Dieter Mayer "Ethylene Oxide" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005.{{DOI|10.1002/14356007.a10_117}}.</ref> ...[[United States|American]] chemist [[Lloyd Hall]]. Ethylene oxide achieved industrial importance during [[World War I]] as a precursor to both the coolant [[ethy

...ulations 1985, SI 1985/1333, reg.2</ref> or ancillary equipment, used in [[industrial radiography]], [[food irradiation]] or processing of products by [[irradiat *Malfunction of equipment used in industrial radiography or [[gamma ray|gamma irradiation]] causes a [[radioactivity|rad

...the field of organizational psychology began to differentiate itself from industrial psychology.”<ref>Schein (1988), p.2</ref> This move allowed the field of ..., there is consensus amongst researchers on the impact that climate has on processes such as communication, decision-making, problem solving, conflict resolutio

* safety processes, procedures, and practices * [[Industrial Union Department v. American Petroleum Institute]]

...d in many minerals. As a free element, manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels. ...up>Mn provides additional evidence for [[nucleosynthesis|nucleosynthetic]] processes immediately before coalescence of the [[solar system]].<ref name="Audi"/><!

Asbestos became more widespread during the industrial revolution; in the 1866 it was used as insulation in the U.S. and Canada. D ...M. Murray, testimony before the Departmental Committee on Compensation for Industrial Diseases "Minutes of Evidence, Appendices and Index", 1907. pg 127 cited an

...ntial of long and short fibre amosite asbestos samples. British Journal of Industrial Medicine; 46: 271-276.</ref>. This research expanded to consider [[fibres]] IOM’s research has helped to set standards and inform regulatory processes over the years, and this created the opportunity to offer [[consultancy]] s

...w workers might be exposed to nano-sized particles in the manufacturing or industrial use of nanomaterials. NIOSH currently offers interim guidelines for working ...in organs, another concern is their potential interaction with biological processes inside the body: because of their large surface, nanoparticles on exposure

'''Occupational (or "Industrial" in the U.S.) hygiene''' is generally defined as the art and science dedica ...ational Hygiene" refers to all types of industry such as those listed for "industrial hygiene" as well as financial and support services industries and refers to

*Industrial processes; and | Processes in which these substances are used, or given off as [[vapour]], in the manu

...biomechanics]], [[mechanical engineering]], [[industrial engineering]], [[industrial design]], [[kinesiology]], [[physiology]] and [[psychology]]. ...t will have a BA or BS in Psychology, Industrial/Mechanical Engineering or Industrial Design or Health Sciences, and usually an MA, MS or PhD in a related discip

...rst3=E.|last4=Pike|first4=F.|title=Solubility of Benzene in Water.|journal=Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Chemical & Engineering Data Series|volume=3|pages=2 ...use as an additive in [[gasoline]] is now limited, but it is an important industrial [[solvent]] and [[precursor]] in the production of [[medication|drugs]], [[

...tection Agency|Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA), and the [[American Industrial Hygiene Association]] (AIHA). Most importantly, when a sample is taken the ...otection]]. These items can be used during the assessment and remediation processes.

...re present processes such as [[grinding]] and [[drilling]] become hot work processes.<ref name="hughes">{{Citation | last = Hughes | first = Phil | last2 = Ferr ...lth Administration|OSHA]] maintains regulations for hot work in the marine industrial setting. The following regulations apply:

...cluding [[occupational medicine]], [[occupational hygiene|occupational (or industrial) hygiene]], [[public health]], [[safety engineering]], [[chemistry]], [[hea ...ccupational health and safety, [[industrial and organizational psychology|industrial/organizational psychology]], and [[health psychology]].<ref>Everly, G. S.,

...Hans Uwe Wolf "Arsenic and Arsenic Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, VCH-Wiley, 2008, Weinheim.{{DOI|10.1002/14356007.a03_113.pub2}}< ...ith]]) was invented, and for decades this treatment was the most extensive industrial use of arsenic. Due to an increased understanding of arsenic's high level o

...[[Roasting (metallurgy)|roasting]] and [[Leaching (metallurgy)|leaching]] processes. Although trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) is required in trace amounts for [[s ...up>Cr provides additional evidence for [[nucleosynthesis|nucleosynthetic]] processes immediately before coalescence of the solar system.<ref name="53Mn53Cr">{{c

After the industrial scale production of cadmium started in the 1930s and 1940s the major applic ...ternative method (such as special low-embrittlement cadmium electroplating processes or physical vapor deposition). In addition, titanium embrittlement caused b

...ting point makes this process more energy-consuming than the corresponding processes for the [[alkali metals]]. Early in the 20th century, the production of ber ...and Patterns of Disease in the Beryllium Industry|title=in Beryllium: Its Industrial Hygiene Aspects|editor=Stokinger, HE |publisher=Academic Press, New York|ye

...Otto Gamer, Albrecht Hilt “Formaldehyde” in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. {{DOI|10.1002/14356007.a11_619}}</ref ...substance in the environment made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Natural processes in the upper [[Earth's atmosphere|atmosphere]] may contribute up to 90 perc

...mpounds are also serious pollutants, either as side products of industrial processes or as persistent pesticidess. ...y concurrent thermal dehydrochlorination) may be a useful synthetic route. Industrial examples of this are the production of [[methyl chloride]], [[methylene chl

...d attitudes. Behavioral Science Technology (BST), pioneers in applying BBS processes, expanded on this work and identified the "working interface", the point wh Traditionally BBS has been used in industrial settings. A new generation has found success using BBS is office/lab settin

...heavy metal]] [[lead]] in the body. Lead interferes with a variety of body processes and is toxic to many organs and tissues including the [[cardiovascular|hear ...ad compounds as gasoline additives]], but such compounds are still used in industrial settings.<ref name="Katzung07-948"/> Organic lead compounds, which cross t

Lead interferes with a variety of body and natural processes. ...Poisons of Manufacturing Processes |chapter= The symptoms and treatment of industrial poisoning |editor= Rambousek, A.J. |year= 2008 |publisher= READ BOOKS |loc

...[[Department for Work and Pensions]]. As part of its work HSE investigates industrial accidents, small and large, including major incidents such as the [[explosi * Establishing realistic requirements for standards, and processes for meeting those standards

...h]]. Highly toxic dioxins, produced in small amounts in almost all burning processes, can be produced in elevated levels with increased combustion of plastic wa [[Category:Industrial hygiene]]

The largest [[Industrial Revolution|preindustrial]] producer of lead was the [[Roman economy]], with Metallic lead that results from the roasting and blast furnace processes still contains significant contaminants of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, zinc

...sages to support administrative, logistical, financial as well as clinical processes. Since 1987 the standard has been updated regularly, resulting in versions The HDF documents the processes, tools, actors, rules, and artifacts relevant to development of all HL7 sta

...Siegel, Manfred Eggersdorfer “Ketones” in Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, 2002, Wienheim. {{DOI|10.1002/14356007.a15_077}}</ref ...ft reagents" and as catalysts for [[organic synthesis]], and precursors to industrial hydroformylation catalysts.

...ss]].<ref>Edward M. Jones, "Chamber Process Manufacture of Sulfuric Acid", Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Nov 1950, Vol 42, No. 11, pp 2208-10.</ref> As l ...d indicator of its industrial strength.<ref>Chenier, Philip J. ''Survey of Industrial Chemistry'', pp 45-57. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1987. ISBN.</ref> The m

...s place through a succession of equilibrium steps including [[adsorption]] processes.[[Image:HaberBoschProcess.png|400px|right|thumb|Haber-Bosch process]]

...e Haber process is important because ammonia is difficult to produce on an industrial scale, and the fertilizer generated from the ammonia is responsible for sus ...[Carl Bosch]] the difficult task of scaling up Haber's tabletop machine to industrial-level production.<ref name="hager"/> Haber and Bosch were later awarded [[N

...parameter is relevant to diphosphine ligands, which are used in industrial processes such as [[hydroformylation]] and [[hydrocyanation]]. Even subtle changes i ...ines are most commonly known for their industrial application in catalytic processes such as hydroformylation, hydrogenation, and hydrocyanation.<ref name="ref4

...on pressures and the more apt it will be to distort and corrupt the social processes it is intended to monitor."<ref name="Campbell-1976"> Campbell, Donald T., * [[Wagner's Law]] predicts that the development of an industrial economy will be accompanied by an increased share of public expenditure in

...ylene''' is a [[chlorine|chlorinated]] [[hydrocarbon]] commonly used as an industrial [[solvent]]. It is a clear non-flammable liquid with a sweet smell. ...Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry|IUPAC]] name is '''trichloroethene'''. Industrial abbreviations include '''TCE''', '''trichlor''', '''Trike''', '''Tricky'''

When birth rates in industrial nations tapered off during the 1960s, infant formula companies heightened m Since the early 1970s, industrial countries have witnessed a dramatic resurgence in breastfeeding among child

The development of industrial refrigeration by German engineer [[Carl von Linde]] during the 1870s elimin While industrial ice cream exists in Argentina and can be found in supermarkets, restaurants

...without the presence of water (a process similar to frying bacon). The two processes yield somewhat differing products. Wet-rendered lard has a more neutral fla ...n most vegetable oils, and it was common in many people's diet until the [[industrial revolution]] made vegetable oils more common and more affordable. [[Vegetab

...ified fats like [[lard]] or [[tallow]]. Rendering can be carried out on an industrial, farm, or kitchen [[Scalability|scale]]. ...ch as slaughterhouse [[blood]], [[feather]]s and [[hair]], but do so using processes distinct from true rendering.

File:HitachiJ100A.jpg|An industrial digital controller To automate costly engineering processes, some EDA can take [[state table]]s that describe [[state machine]]s and au

...ed for advancing technology (e.g., [[photoresist]]s and other polymers and industrial chemicals) are derived from natural resources such as [[petroleum]] and so ...d the end would come between 2013 and 2018 with 16 nanometer manufacturing processes and 5 nanometer gates, due to [[quantum tunnelling]], although others sugge