Adapalene

Adapalene

File:Adapalene.svg
Systematic (IUPAC) name
6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-methoxy-phenyl] naphthalene-2-carboxylic acid
Clinical data
Pregnancy category	C
Routes of administration	Topical
Legal status
Legal status	UK: POM (Prescription only) US: ℞-only
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Very low
Excretion	Biliary
Identifiers
CAS Number	106685-40-9
ATC code	D10AD03 (WHO)
PubChem	CID 60164
DrugBank	APRD00780
ChemSpider	54244
Chemical data
Formula	C28H28O3
Molar mass	412.52 g/mol[[]]
(verify)

Adapalene is a third-generation topical retinoid primarily used in the treatment of mild-moderate acne and is also used (off-label) to treat keratosis pilaris as well as other skin conditions. Adapalene is marketed by Galderma under the trade names Differin in some countries, Adaferin in India, and Epiduo. Epiduo also contains benzoyl peroxide.

Indications

Adapalene is indicated for the topical treatment of acne vulgaris. It is possibly more effective than tretinoin 0.025% gel in the treatment of acne vulgaris.

History

Adapalene was approved in 1996 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in the treatment of acne.

Dosage

Adapalene is applied once daily, after washing and before retiring. In some circumstances, when a patient complains of skin irritation, the application may be decreased to once every other day until the irritation ceases. The prescribing doctor may also recommend washing the applied areas with soap and water a specified period after usage to reduce irritation.

Available forms

In the United States, adapalene is available under the brand name Differin in three different preparations: 0.1% cream, 0.1% gel, and 0.3% gel. In Europe, only the 0.1% cream and 0.1% gel are available. In Pakistan, adapalene is available under the brand names Clear by Saffron Pharmaceuticals and Gallet by Pharma Health Pakistan, both of these are in the form of 0.1% cream. In India it it available under the trade name Adelene with 0.1 % Adapalene and 1 % Clindamycin phosphate.

Pharmacology

Drug interactions

Adapalene has been shown to enhance the efficacy of topical clindamycin, although adverse effects are also increased. Application of adapalene gel to the skin 3–5 minutes before application of clindamycin enhances penetration of clindamycin into the skin, which may enhance the overall efficacy of the treatment as compared to clindamycin alone.

Unlike tretinoin (Retin-A), adapalene has also been shown to retain its efficacy when applied at the same time as benzoyl peroxide due to its more stable chemical structure.

Pharmacodynamics

Adapalene in small concentrations is a moderator of cellular differentiation, keratinization, and inflammatory processes. It has both exfoliating and anti-inflammatory effects. The exact mode of action of adapalene is unknown.

Pharmacokinetics

Adapalene is applied topically to the skin, and its absorption into the blood through this medium is very low. Only trace amounts of adapalene have been found in the plasma of chronically treated patients.

External links

• Differin product insert
• Adapalene General Information, Patient Information, Contraindications and Interactions
• [www.epiduo.com/Includes/PDF/BriefSummary.pdf Epiduo Prescribing Information]

de:Adapalen pt:Adapaleno