Malignant hypertension

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Malignant hypertension
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	I 10.
ICD-9	401.0^[1]
DiseasesDB	7788
eMedicine	med/1107
MeSH	D006974

Malignant hypertension is a complication of hypertension characterized by very elevated blood pressure, and organ damage in the eyes, brain, heart and/or kidneys.

The eyes may show papilledema, retinal hemorrhage, or exudate.

The brain shows manifestations of increased intracranial pressure, such as headache, vomiting, subarachnoid, and cerebral hemorrhage.

Patients will usually suffer from left ventricular dysfunction.

The kidneys will be affected, resulting in hematuria, proteinuria, and acute renal failure.

It differs from other complications of hypertension in that it is accompanied by papilledema.^[2] This can be associated with hypertensive retinopathy.

Systolic and diastolic blood pressures are usually greater than 200mmHg and 140mmHg, respectively.

References

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Arteriosclerosis	Atherosclerosis (Foam cell, Fatty streak, Atheroma, Intermittent claudication) · Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis · Arteriolosclerosis (Hyaline, Hyperplastic, oxycholesterol, cholesterol, LDL, trans fat)
Stenosis	Renal artery stenosis · Carotid artery stenosis
Other	Fibromuscular dysplasia · Degos disease · Aortoiliac occlusive disease · Raynaud's phenomenon/Raynaud's disease · Erythromelalgia

Inflammation	Phlebitis
Venous thrombosis/ Thrombophlebitis	primarily lower limb (Deep vein thrombosis) abdomen (May-Thurner syndrome, Portal vein thrombosis, Budd-Chiari syndrome, Renal vein thrombosis) upper limb/torso (Paget-Schroetter disease, Mondor's disease) head (Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis) Post-thrombotic syndrome
Varicose veins	Varicocele · Gastric varices · Portacaval anastomosis (Hemorrhoid, Esophageal varices, Caput medusae)
Other	Superior vena cava syndrome · Inferior vena cava syndrome · Venous ulcer · Chronic venous insufficiency · Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency

Arteries or veins

Hypertension	Hypertensive heart disease · Hypertensive nephropathy · Essential hypertension · Secondary hypertension (Renovascular hypertension) · Pulmonary hypertension · Malignant hypertension · Benign hypertension · Systolic hypertension · White coat hypertension
Hypotension	Orthostatic hypotension