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...t al.'' |title=Lidocaine pharmacokinetics in advanced heart failure, liver disease, and renal failure in humans |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=78 |issue=4 ...siness, loss of consciousness, [[respiratory depression]] and [[apnoea]]). Cardiovascular effects include [[hypotension]], [[bradycardia]], [[arrhythmia]]s, and/or [

* Asthmatics or patients with chronic obstructive airway disease '''''[[Cardiovascular]]:'''''

...ent factors. Among patient factors are: age, sex, lean body mass. Specific disease conditions that can alter the dose requirements of thiopentone and for that ...arly all [[anesthesia|anesthetic]] [[Medication|drug]]s, thiopental causes cardiovascular and respiratory depression resulting in [[hypotension]], [[apnea]] and [[ai

| title=Slowing disease's mental ravages ...and increase [[complex IV]], whose inhibition correlates with Alzheimer's disease.

...he only anti-diabetic drug that has been conclusively shown to prevent the cardiovascular complications of diabetes. {{As of|2009}}, metformin is one of only two ora ...erlands, September 2007|journal=The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease|volume=7|pages=247–252 |year=2007|doi=10.1177/14746514070070051001}}</ref

...t al.'' |title=Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised ....2% to 6.7% of such events per year for people already with cardiovascular disease. Although aspirin also raises the risk of [[Stroke#Hemorrhagic_stroke|hemor

...on-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines, medicines used to treat gout and disease modifying agents in rheumatoid disorders== ===Disease modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders (DMARDs)===

...locker|β-blockers]]), a class of drugs used primarily in [[cardiovascular disease]]s. Introduced in 1976, atenolol was developed as a replacement for [[propr ...rction]] (heart attack). It is also used to treat the symptoms of [[Graves Disease]], until [[antithyroid]] medication can take effect.

...olemia]] (elevated [[cholesterol]] levels) and to prevent [[cardiovascular disease]]. Simvastatin is a synthetic derivate of a fermentation product of ''[[As ...astatin is associated with a reduced incidence of dementia and Parkinson's disease | journal =BMC Medicine | volume =5 | pages =20 | date =July 19, 2007 | doi

...he jejunum. Perfusion studies in normal subjects and patients with coeliac disease |journal=Scand. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=16 |issue=5 |pages=667–71 |year ...he pain in rheumatoid arthritis since cell potassium is always low in that disease <ref>LaCelle PL et al. (1964) “An investigation of total body potassium i

...send KP, Praticò D |title=Novel therapeutic opportunities for Alzheimer's disease: focus on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |journal=FASEB J. |volume=19 ...|title=Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use and the risk for Parkinson's disease |journal=Ann Neurol |volume=58 |issue=6 |pages=963–7 |year=2005 |pmid=162

'''''[[Cardiovascular]]:''''' .../www.amusingfacts.com/facts/Detail/soldiers-disease-morphine.html Soldiers Disease A Historical Hoax?]</ref>

...parison of the effects of D-(-)-ephedrine and L-(+)-pseudoephedrine on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems in man.''] Br J Clin Pharmacol. '''1978'''; 6, pp 2 *Cardiovascular: [[tachycardia]], cardiac [[arrhythmia]]s, [[angina pectoris]], [[vasoconst

...], [[alcohol withdrawal]], [[benzodiazepine withdrawal]] and [[Ménière's disease]]. It may also be used before certain medical procedures (such as [[endosco ...umazenil may be necessary. [[Artificial respiration]] and stabilization of cardiovascular functions may also be necessary. Although not routinely indicated, [[activa

...David A. |last=McCarron |title=Dietary sodium and cardiovascular and renal disease risk factors: dark horse or phantom entry? |journal=Nephrol Dial Transplant

...t=Free full text}}</ref><ref name="CDC">{{cite journal |author=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) |title=Water hemlock poisoning--Maine, 1992 |j ...|dilated pupils]], and [[coma]].<ref name="Schep"/><ref name="Mutter"/> [[Cardiovascular]] symptoms include alternating [[bradycardia|slow]] or [[tachycardia|fast h

...with an [[antacid]]) for the relief of pain associated with [[peptic ulcer disease]] or [[esophagitis]]. It is also used topically in the management of [[hemo {{cardiovascular-drug-stub}}

The drug is gaining acceptance for conservative treatment of [[Peyronie's disease]] and [[Neuropathy|neuropathic]] injuries. It also helps prevent strokes and can be used in managing [[sickle cell disease]].

...y 2010}}}}</ref> initially developed in the treatment of [[coronary artery disease]]. ...was found that may lower HDL in patients with a previous history of heart disease.

...the ductus arteriosus in an infant with ductal-dependent congenital heart disease, including cyanotic lesions (e.g., pulmonary atresia/stenosis, tricuspid at {{cardiovascular-drug-stub}}

...atin]]s, used for lowering [[cholesterol]] and preventing [[cardiovascular disease]]. Initially known as CS-514, it was originally identified in a bacterium c {{cardiovascular-drug-stub}}

...e because of its long [[half-life]]. The [[Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry]] states that: "to be exposed to radiation from uranium, you have |author= [[Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry]]

* Should be used with caution in patients with severe [[cardiovascular disease]] including [[cardiac arrythmia]] and in patients with [[diabetes]], especi

...step_guide.pdf Reducing the Risk of Heart Disease and Stroke], Centers for Disease Control.</ref>

|publisher = Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry ...he lungs. High concentrations can cause [[pulmonary edema]] and damage the cardiovascular system; the damaging effect of ethylene oxide may occur only after 72 hours

...es, 2003--2004, |accessdate=2007-10-07|publisher=United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref> U.S. [[Department of Health and Human Servic

{{Infobox Disease|Name=Carbon monoxide poisoning|Image=Carbon-monoxide-3D-vdW.png|Caption=Spa ...[[cardiovascular disease]], [[cardiac output]], [[anemia]], [[sickle cell disease]] and other hematological disorders, [[barometric pressure]], and [[metabol

{{Infobox disease ...gg}} (medical term: [[malignancy|malignant]] [[neoplasm]]) is a class of [[disease]]s in which a group of [[cell (biology)|cells]] display ''uncontrolled grow

...s that may lead ultimately to compromised health, such as [[cardiovascular disease]],<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/programs/workorg/|title=NIO ...little control over the work process increase the risk of [[cardiovascular disease]].<ref name=Encyc_OSH> {{Sauter S, Hurrell J, Murphy L, Levi L [1997]. Psyc

...ally and psychologically. Persistent stress can result in [[cardiovascular disease]], [[sexual health]] problems, a weaker [[immune system]] and frequent head ...focused mainly on what goes wrong in human affairs: [[aggression]], mental disease, failure and hopelessness. While it is essential to study and contain such

...of body processes and is toxic to many organs and tissues including the [[cardiovascular|heart]], [[bone]]s, [[intestine]]s, [[kidney]]s, and [[reproductive system| ...gram]]s of lead per [[deciliter]] of blood (μg/dL). The US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] and the [[World Health Organization]] state that a

...oncentrations being the causative factor of respiratory and cardiovascular disease. Particulate matter may also be responsible for as many as 20,000 deaths a

...lead based paint.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry/Division of Toxicology and Environmental Medicine|year=2006|title= ...and is believed to have adverse effects on the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system, kidneys, and the immune system.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/tqe

...as a live longitudinal cohort in the assessment of risk of cardiovascular disease. <ref>http://www.3four50.com/v2/?page=summit10-vid23</ref>

| [[Alzheimer's Disease]] | [[Adult Refsum disease]]

==Cardiovascular== * [[Lev's disease]] (Lenegre-Lev syndrome)

A list of [[disease]]s in the English wikipedia. * [[Cacchi-Ricci disease]]

'''Nutritional Diseases''' are [[disease]]s in humans that are directly or indirectly caused by a lack of [[essentia ...d to diseases such as [[cardiovascular disease#Risk factors|cardiovascular disease]] and [[Diabetes mellitus type 2|diabetes]]. Obesity is a condition in whic

...ired by law. Please see the article [[dog health]] for information on this disease in dogs.<ref>{{cite web | title = Rabies: Introduction | work = The Merck V *[[Canine coronavirus]] is a gastrointestinal disease that is usually asymptomatic or with mild clinical signs. The signs are wor

...[[veins]] and [[capillaries]]), some [[invertebrate]] groups have an open cardiovascular system. The most primitive animal [[phylum|phyla]] lack circulatory systems ...e lymph, lymph nodes, and lymph vessels form the [[lymphatic system]]. The cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system collectively make up the circulatory system

...ally in the legs and genitals. It is most commonly caused by a [[parasitic disease]] known as [[lymphatic filariasis]]. [[Category:Cardiovascular system]]

*defend the body against disease by producing lymphocytes ...can account for this tenderness. Bacterial infections such as cat scratch disease or local skin wounds also often cause the nodes to be enlarged and tender.

...expected 1.3) and a significant excess of mortality from [[ischaemic heart disease]] (4.1 from an expected 3) but not from other conditions.<ref>Robinette CD, {{Main|Splenic disease}}

...Against Rheumatism and the International Stem Cell Project for Autoimmune Disease |journal=Bone Marrow Transplant. |volume=24 |issue=7 |pages=729–34 |year= ...d of developing a life-threatening complication called [[graft-versus-host disease]].<ref>{{cite journal | author=Thomas ED, Lochte HL, Lu WC et al.|

If you already have atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease, there are some pharmacological options for reducing the severity and occur ...receptor antagonists should be avoided in patients with reactive pulmonary disease to avoid asthma attacks. Also Beta-receptor antagonists should be avoided i

...[lymphedema]]. It also involves modification of risk factors for vascular disease like high [[cholesterol]], high [[blood pressure]]. Cardiovascular risk factors such [[high blood pressure]], elevated [[cholesterol]] and oth

[[Category:cardiovascular system]] [[Category:congenital heart disease]]

'''Tricuspid atresia''' is a form of [[congenital heart disease]] whereby there is a complete absence of the [[tricuspid valve]]. Therefore [[Category:Cardiovascular system]]

...in the leg is an [[indication]] of blocked arteries ([[peripheral vascular disease]]). The ABI is calculated by dividing the higher [[Systole (medicine)|systo ...ial pressures, and association with leg functioning in peripheral arterial disease |journal=JJ Vasc Surg. |volume=32 |issue=6 |pages=1164–71 |year=2000 |mon

{{Infobox disease | [[Category:Cardiovascular system]]

...est H.; David J Driscoll; Shaddy, Robert Alan |title=Moss and Adams' Heart disease in infants, children, and adolescents: including the fetus and young adult [[Category:Cardiovascular system]]

...osus''' (or '''Truncus arteriosus''') is a rare form of [[congenital heart disease]] that presents at birth. In this condition, the [[embryological]] structur ...e/sec19/ch287/ch287k.html |title=Persistent Truncus Arteriosus: Congenital Cardiovascular Anomalies: Merck Manual Professional |accessdate=2007-11-04 |format= |work=

[[Pathology|Pathological]] anastomoses result from trauma or disease and may involve [[vein]]s, [[artery|arteries]], or intestines. These are us [[Category:Cardiovascular system]]

...m-derived hyperpolarizing factor in vascular physiology and cardiovascular disease |journal=Atherosclerosis |volume=202 |issue=2 |pages=330–44 |year=2009 |m ...m-derived hyperpolarizing factor in vascular physiology and cardiovascular disease |journal=Atherosclerosis |volume=202 |issue=2 |pages=330–44 |year=2009 |m

...out -1 to +2 [[torr|mmHg]]. The higher pressures normally occur only in [[disease]], in conditions such as [[heart failure]], where the heart is unable to pu {{Cardiovascular physiology}}

...e="P&S">Page, RC; Schroeder, HE. "Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Periodontal Disease: A Summary of Current Work." ''Lab Invest'' 1976;34(3):235-249</ref> [[Category:Cardiovascular system]]

[[Pathology|Pathological]] anastomosis results from trauma or disease and may involve [[vein]]s, [[artery|arteries]], or intestines. These are us [[Category:Cardiovascular system]]

..."Robbins"> Kumar, Abbas, Fausto; ''Robbins and Cotran: Pathologic Basis of Disease''; Elsevier, 7th ed. </ref><ref> Stanley JR, Woodley DT, Katz SI, Martin GR ...ype IV is autoantigen (target antigen) of autoantibodies in the autoimmune disease [[Goodpasture's syndrome]].<ref> Janeway, Travers, Walport, Shlomchik; ''Im

...hor=Janeway, Charles |title=Immunobiology: the immune system in health and disease |publisher=Garland Science |location=New York |year=2005 |pages= |isbn=0-81 ...cksley |title=Immunity: The Immune Response to Infectious and Inflammatory Disease (Primers in Biology) |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |location= |ye

...thelial dysfunction has also been shown to be predictive of future adverse cardiovascular events. One of the main mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction is the dimini {{Cardiovascular system}}

In [[cardiovascular physiology]], the diagram is often applied to the [[left ventricle]], and i ...he intact heart's performance under various situations]] (effect of drugs, disease, characterization of mouse [[Strain (biology)|strains]])

..., and can make a person feel happier. It can also reduce the risk of heart disease, lung cancer, type 2 diabetes, stroke, and many other sicknesses. Cardiores [[Category:Cardiovascular system]]

*[[Addison's disease]] ...ences/Lipo/2003/34.html Are coronary heart disease and peripheral arterial disease associated with tobacco or cannabis consumption]

{{Infobox Disease ...cite web |url=http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/CVHTML/CV103.html |title=Cardiovascular Pathology |accessdate=2007-10-14 |format= |work=}}</ref>

...diagnose several kinds of nervous diseases, such as tumors, coronary heart disease and [[arteriovenous malformations]]. He is usually recognized as one of the {{main|Peripheral artery occlusive disease}}

...conducted to facilitate learning and sharing of knowledge regarding venous disease. The equivalent body for countries in the Pacific is the [[Australasian Co * [http://phleb.rsmjournals.com/ Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease]

...actors of elevated pulmonary artery pressures in children with sickle cell disease |journal=Pediatrics |volume=121 |issue=4 |pages=777–82 |year=2008 |month= [[Category:Cardiovascular system]]

Name = Cerebrovascular disease |}} '''Cerebrovascular disease''' is a group of brain dysfunctions related to disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain. Hypertension is the most importan

* [[Sickle cell disease]] (abnormally shaped red blood cells) *[[arteriovenous malformation]]s, and [[peripheral artery occlusive disease]].

{{Infobox disease ...uthor=Zamboni P |title=The big idea: iron-dependent inflammation in venous disease and proposed parallels in multiple sclerosis |journal=J R Soc Med |volume=9

...endothelium|endothelial]] function and, by extension, [[circulatory system|cardiovascular]] health. ...betes mellitus]], [[erectile dysfunction]] and certain forms of [[kidney]] disease.

==Disease of the aortic valve== [[Category:Cardiovascular system]]

[[Category:Cardiovascular system]] {{Disease-stub}}

...a disease of any large (''macro'') [[blood vessel]]s in the body. It is a disease of the large blood vessels, including the coronary arteries, the aorta, and ...rt), [[cerebrovascular disease]] (in the brain), and [[peripheral vascular disease]] (in the limbs)

{{Infobox Disease | [[Category:Cardiovascular system]]

[[Category:Cardiovascular system]] {{Disease-stub}}

==Role in disease== {{main|Vascular disease}}

...ischaemia.<ref>Browse's introduction to the symptoms and signs of surgical disease/4th edtition/International student edtition/Page 175</ref> [[Category:Cardiovascular system]]

...666}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Zimmer, Judith; Cooke, John |title=The cardiovascular cure: how to strengthen your self-defense against heart attack and stroke | ...For some of the side-benefits (such as prevention of [[peripheral artery disease]]), further research is continuing to clarify the role polyphenol antioxida

...tal and [[pulmonary hypertension]]. PPH is a serious complication of liver disease, present in 0.25 to 4% of all patients suffering from cirrhosis. Once an ab #. Portal hypertension and/or liver disease (clinical diagnosis—ascites/varices/splenomegaly)

...itors and NSAIDs, such as GI bleeding, renal insufficiency, cardiovascular disease and effect on [[platelet]] aggregation.

Pfizer first acknowledged cardiovascular risks associated with Bextra in October 2004. The [[American Heart Associat ...published in JAMA 2006, valdecoxib appears less adverse for renal (kidney) disease and heart arrhythmia compared to Vioxx, however elevated renal risks were s

'''''[[Cardiovascular]]:''''' *This medication may increase risk of serious and potentially fatal cardiovascular thrombotic events, MI, and stroke '''(!)'''

...AIDs (naproxen, rofecoxib) caused a higher incidence of death cases due to cardiovascular events and stroke compared to placebo.{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}} * Inflammative intestinal disorders such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis

...] or [[fluoxetine]], can increase risks of stroke, heart attack, and other cardiovascular conditions. Patients also taking [[ciclosporin]] (Sandimmune) can develop k ...[[pregnancy]] and [[Breast feeding|nursing]]. [[NSAIDs]] may cause adverse cardiovascular effects in the fetus during pregnancy.

...]], and treatment of other conditions, such as cancer and [[cardiovascular disease]]. ...ful in the management of arterial [[thrombosis]] and prevention of adverse cardiovascular events. Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation by inhibiting the action of

...umers from autism in children as well as schizophrenia, diabetes and heart disease," the scientific evidence for such claims is "very limited".<ref name="a1a2 ...l|author=Prabhakar VR, Venkatesan N |title=Milk casein and its benefits on cardiovascular risk |journal=Eur Heart J. |volume=28 |issue=11 |pages=1397; author reply 1

...lipidemic hamsters induced by fosinopril and captopril |journal=Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=179–86 |year=1995 |month=February ...acid patterns in patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease." ''American Journal of Cardiology''. 71: 916-920.

...nsumption of which has been shown to be a risk factor for [[cardiovascular disease]].<ref name=p423>{{cite book|last = Food and nutrition board, institute of ...HDL cholesterol levels in the blood, thus reducing the risk of contracting cardiovascular diseases.<ref>