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...et Union and other Eastern Bloc countries often designed their underground mass-transit and subway tunnels to serve as bomb and fallout shelters in the eve Dry earth is a reasonably good thermal insulator, and over several weeks of habitation, a shelter will become too

|weight=42 kg (93 [[Pound (mass)|lb]]) |filling=8 kg (17.6 [[Pound (mass)|lb]]) tandem warhead

...missile. AlliedSignal Aerospace Canada Inc has been developed the Mirabel thermal imager for the ERYX firing post. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.fas.org/ma ...ent of an enhanced Eryx system. The new system features a new, non-cooled thermal sight which uses a [[Bolometer|bolometric sensor]]. MBDA asserts that that

...d ignites the highly explosive. Unless otherwise the ignition of the inner mass, the highly explosive will not explode. A 20mm explosive cannon shellfire g Each screw is wrought from a cube steel alloy mass into bold cross shape and punched through the center. Hammering punches of

...ng gas storage method because the gas can be stored in a low pressure, low mass, low volume environment that would be much more feasible than bulky on boar ===Thermal regeneration===

*Thermal conductivity = 0.036 W/(cm·K) ...ing that a lethal dose for 50% of people weighing 75&nbsp;kg (165 [[Pound (mass)|lb]]) is about 190 g (6.7 [[ounce]]s). Intravenously this is reduced to ju

...e in ordinary rock. The richest mercury ores contain up to 2.5% mercury by mass, and even the leanest concentrated deposits are at least 0.1% mercury (12,0 ...cessdate= April 17, 2005}}</ref> It is also used as a disinfectant. [[Blue mass]], a pill or syrup in which mercury is the main ingredient, was prescribed

[[Thermal conductivity]] of pure NaCl as a function of temperature has a maximum of 2 Salt is currently [[Mass production|mass-produced]] by [[evaporation]] of [[seawater]] or [[brine]] from other sourc

...d concrete have similar [[coefficient of thermal expansion|coefficients of thermal expansion]]: a concrete structural member reinforced with steel will experi ....writing.eng.vt.edu/urs/wallenfelsz.pdf GFRP Bar Transverse Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Effects on Concrete Cover]</ref> Although rebar has ribs that bin

[[Image:wiki tarantula.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Thermal image of a cold-blooded [[tarantula]] ([[Poikilotherm|cold-blooded]] or exo ...low temperatures, whereas a co-located endotherm may be fully active. That thermal stability comes at a price since an automatic regulation system requires ad

...>|| [[Temperature gradient]] <br /><math>-\boldsymbol{\nabla}T</math> || [[Thermal conductivity]] <br /><math>\boldsymbol{\kappa}</math> ...|| [[Concentration gradient]]<br /><math>-\boldsymbol{\nabla}c</math> || [[Mass diffusivity|Diffusivity]]<br /> <math>\boldsymbol{D}</math>

...ve specific ranges of [[thermal conductivity]] and of the coefficient of [[thermal expansion]]. #Un-formed (Monolithic- Plastic, ramming and gunning mass, castables)

...'' or '''stone wool'''. Industrial applications of mineral wool include [[thermal insulation]], [[filtration]], [[soundproofing]], and [[hydroponics|germinat ...like the process used to prepare [[cotton candy]]. The final product is a mass of fine, intertwined fibres with a typical diameter of 6 to 10 [[micrometer

...ide evidence of chemical composition include odor, color, volume, density (mass / volume), melting point, boiling point, heat capacity, physical form at ro ...tural defects and hardness microindentions. Most bulk mechanical, optical, thermal, electrical and magnetic properties are significantly affected by the obser

...AP)}} </ref>. The rubber band was fixed at one end and was attached to a [[mass]] at the other. It was then charged and discharged to study the change in l .... The synthesis of highly oriented elastomers leads to have a large strain thermal actuation along the polymer chain direction with temperature variation resu

...olyanhydrides determines the structure, composition, molecular weight, and thermal properties of the molecule. These properties are determined by using vario ===Thermal properties===

...tood theoretically in detail but its known from experiments that low molar mass systems tend to fill the pores completely, whereas polymers of sufficient c ...b> (D, 0) ∝ 1/D and some more models relating specific heat, density and thermal expansion are used to obtain the experimental results on nanopolymers and e

...[motor oil]], [[transmission fluid]], and [[methanol]], and shows little [[thermal expansion]]<ref>[http://plastics.dupont.com/myplastics/Mediator?id=1245&loc ...l. These special gold-colored shoes were made by Nike and the soles had a mass of 30&nbsp;grams{{Citation needed|date=May 2010}}

...ty of applications, including [[packaging]], [[textile]]s (e.g. [[rope]]s, thermal underwear and carpets), [[stationery]], plastic parts and reusable containe ...<ref>[http://www.lehighgroup.com/fiber.htm Rope Materials]</ref> For equal mass and construction, polypropylene rope is similar in strength to polyester ro

...n hydrated state to a shrunken dehydrated state, losing about 90% of its [[mass]]. Since PNIPAm expels its liquid contents at a temperature near that of t ...L. , Tavano L. , Oliviero Rossi C. , " Rheological characterization of the thermal gelation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)co-A

...ction of silicones in Europe in 1947. The Japanese company Shin-Etsu began mass production of silicone in 1953. The companies mentioned above are now still ...ng tape due to its non-flammable nature. The iron-oxide additive adds high thermal conductivity but does not change the high electrical insulation property of

...of [[radius of gyration]], which is an average distance from the center of mass of the chain to the chain itself. Alternatively, it may be expressed in ter ...OMP measures in a model-independent fashion the evolution of average molar mass and intrinsic viscosity, monomer conversion kinetics and, in the case of co

<tr><th colspan="2" align=center bgcolor="#cccccc">'''Thermal Properties'''</th></tr> ...efficient of thermal expansion#Linear thermal expansion coefficient|Linear thermal expansion coefficient (α)]]</td><td>65–70 × 10⁻⁶/[[Kelvin|

...th a suitable [[detector]], such as a [[flame ionization detector]] or a [[mass spectrometer]].<ref>[http://www.norden.org/pub/ebook/2003-516.pdf Use of oz ==Empirical equations for the thermal properties of petroleum products==

...ed]] into their components by [[separation process|physical (mechanical or thermal) means]]. [[Azeotrope]]s can be considered as a kind of mixtures which usua ...e mass of the <math>i</math>th particle in the population, and the average mass of a particle in the population.

...hods in order to reach reasonable development time for new product design. Thermal methods are the most commonly used and consists in increasing temperature t ...ria]] or [[virus]]es, they force the lipids to merge with themselves. On a mass scale, this effectively disintegrates the membrane and kills the pathogen.

...as, and this effect is greatly amplified in colloids. In a stable colloid, mass of a dispersed phase is so low that its [[buoyancy]] or [[kinetic energy]] ...hods in order to reach reasonable development time for new product design. Thermal methods are the most commonly used and consists in increasing temperature t

...elium, and 2% "metals" (the rest of the elements; atomic numbers 3-118) by mass.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Sparke|first1=Linda S.|last2=Gallagher|first2=John S Metals in general have high [[electrical conductivity]], [[thermal conductivity]], [[lustre (mineralogy)|luster]] and [[density]], and the abi

This metal can be plated either by [[electroplating]] or by thermal decomposition methods. A ruthenium-[[molybdenum]] alloy is known to be [[su ...characterized with [[atomic weight]]s ranging from 89.93 [[unified atomic mass unit|u]] (⁹⁰Ru) to 114.928 u (¹¹⁵Ru). Most of these h

The '''R-value''' is a measure of [[thermal resistance]] <ref>[[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]], [http://www.ornl.gov/s ...units of [[foot (length)|ft]]²·[[Fahrenheit|°F]]·[[hour|h]]/[[British thermal unit|Btu]]. It is particularly easy to confuse SI and US R-values, because

...ow-density solid, with a notable effectiveness as a [[thermal conductivity|thermal insulator]]. It is nicknamed '''frozen smoke''',<ref Name="Times081907">{{c ...nvective heat transfer|convection]], [[heat conduction|conduction]], and [[thermal radiation|radiation]]). They are good conductive insulators because they ar

'''Building insulation materials''' are [[thermal insulation]] used in the construction or retrofit of buildings. ...employed in varying combinations to achieve the desired outcome (usually [[thermal comfort]] with reduced energy consumption).

...While the majority of insulation in buildings is for [[thermal insulation|thermal]] purposes, the term also applies to [[acoustic insulation]], [[Fireproofin ==Thermal Insulation==

{{commons|Thermal insulation|Thermal insulation}} [[Image:Huygens thermal multilayer insulation.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Thermal insulation on the [[Huygens probe]]]]

...sms added to a plain loom. A [[Northrop Loom]] was fully automatic and was mass produced between 1909 and the mid 1960s. Modern looms run faster and do not ...cesses. Power dominates consumption pattern in spinning and weaving, while thermal energy is the major factor for chemical wet processing.<ref name="Majeed">{

The important attributes of PPEs include their thermal and oxidative stability and stability in the presence of ionizing radiation ! Thermal Stability

...wer heating value]] is around 18,500 [[British thermal unit|Btu]]/[[Pound (mass)|lb]], or 43.1 [[megajoule|MJ]]/[[kilogram|kg]], and its [[higher heating v ...ove#Gas cartridge stoves|gas cartridge stoves]] is their particularly high thermal output and their ability to operate at very low temperature in winter or at

...are lightweight and very robust. They are especially suited for low-cost, mass housing schemes. ...as cured, and may provide advantages in terms of speed, strength, superior thermal and acoustic insulation, space to run utilities within the EPS layer, and i

...sulation]], which is typically in the form of rigid foam, increasing the [[thermal performance]] of the wall. == Thermal performance ==

...eeded|date=September 2010}} Walls with a high thermal mass value act as a thermal buffer inside the home.{{citation needed|date=September 2010}} The material

...(dark) liquid, or other dark material, the wall can function as a thermal mass, absorbing solar radiation during the day and radiating it back into the sp

'''Thermal advantages:''' ...due to the enormous mass - these are monolithic walls - CEB has excellent thermal performance, reducing heating and cooling costs.

...dobe buildings offer significant advantages due to their greater [[thermal mass]], but they are known to be particularly susceptible to earthquake damage.< The brick’s thickness is preferred partially due to its thermal capabilities, and partially due to the stability of a thicker brick versus

...nsti.org/Nanotech2008/showabstract.html?absno=70411</ref> increase thermal mass and energy efficiency,<ref>http://visionisgreen.org</ref> and increase stru :* '''Energy efficient housing –''' GCEBs provide excellent thermal mass and work well with passive solar designs. GCEB construction minimizes air c

...energy conservation the walls are very thick and have significant thermal mass, which reduces heating and cooling costs as well as providing sound insulat ...oof. It should be noted that materials with a low R-value and high thermal mass and specific heat constants typically perform much better than their insula

...cting sand or metal particles at high velocity against a stone surface. A thermal (or flamed) finish produces a textured, nonreflective surface with only a f ...finishes such as honed are becoming more common. Almost all stone tile is mass-produced by automated tile lines to identical size, finish, and close toler

*The use of materials such as brick and stone can increase the [[thermal mass]] of a building, giving increased comfort in the heat of summer and the col ...wing the building interior to take advantage of the aforementioned thermal mass of the masonry. This technique does, however, require some sort of weather-

...s]] in the mid-19th century, steel became an inexpensive [[mass production|mass-produced]] material. Further refinements in the process, such as [[basic ox ...contents take a [[body-centered tetragonal]] (BCT) structure. There is no thermal [[activation energy]] for the transformation from austenite to martensite.

Soil and especially clay is good [[thermal mass]]; it is very good at keeping temperatures at a constant level. Homes built With the invention of mechanizing [[saw]]s came the mass production of dimensional [[lumber]]. This made buildings quicker to put up

...ed (with or without light gauge resilient metal channels) where additional mass is needed for the reduction of sound transmission.{{Citation needed|date=Au Drywall provides a thermal resistance [[R-value (insulation)|R-value]] of 0.32 for 3/8" board, 0.45 fo

...onment. Rocks have two great characteristics: good [[thermal mass]] and [[thermal insulation]]. These characteristics make stone a great idea because the te ...make a structure that, like stone, has great insulation as well as thermal mass. Cordwood provides the rustic look of log cabins without the use of tons o

...hods. Rammed earth walls are simple to construct, incombustible, [[Thermal mass|thermally massive]], very strong and hardwearing. Conversely they can be la One of the significant benefits of rammed earth is its excellent [[thermal mass]]; like [[brick]] or [[concrete]] construction, it can absorb heat during t

...me-based mixes for both appearance and protection. Adobe has good thermal mass, meaning that it is slow to transmit heat or cold. It is not a good insulat ...ations. Cordwood masonry construction provides a relatively high [[thermal mass]], which makes it easy to heat and cool.

...rved surface, often a log or the maker's [[thigh]]. Today barrel tiles are mass produced from clay, metal, concrete or plastic. ...in color and pattern, and require more planning for use and installation. Mass produced stone tiles are uniform in width and length. Granite or marble ti

...ults]] and [[List of Roman domes|domes]], it quickly hardened into a rigid mass, free from many of the internal thrusts and strains that trouble the builde ...ailored to its application with varying strength, density, or chemical and thermal resistance properties.

It has since been refined into a high [[thermal insulation|thermally insulating]] concrete-based material used for construc AAC’s excellent thermal efficiency makes a major contribution to environmental protection by sharpl

! [[Thermal conductivity]], W/(m·K) ! Thermal conductivity, W/(m·K)

...de]], [[radon]], [[volatile organic compound]]s), [[particulate]]s, or any mass or energy stressor that can induce adverse health conditions. Indoor air i ...rage (TWA) limit for carbon monoxide (630-08-0) is 25 ppm{{Vague|by what? mass? molar?|date=February 2009}}.

...</sub>(OH)₂. It is found most frequently as a fire retardant in thermal insulation products and ceiling tiles.<ref name="wdnr"/> * thermal pipe insulation

...lly unstable liquids or solids liable to undergo a strongly [[exothermic]] thermal decomposition even without participation of oxygen (air). This definition e ...s, with a few exceptions. A new hazard symbol featuring a white sprawling mass within a bust of a human is introduced. It is used for carcinogens, mutagen

...a constant volumetric pump for a specific sampling period. By knowing the mass of the sample collected and the volume of air sampled a concentration for t ...ly extracted and measurements performed using various Gas Chromatograph or Mass Spectometry methods. These absorbent tube methods have the advantage of be

...elting point (1287 °C), high temperature stability and low coefficient of thermal expansion, make it in many ways an ideal aerospace material, and it has bee ...demonstrates a unique degree of dimensional stability under conditions of thermal loading.<ref name=Be>{{cite book| title = Landolt-Börnstein – Group VIII

...saturated solution of formaldehyde (this is about 40% by volume or 37% by mass) in water, with a small amount of [[stabilizer (chemistry)|stabilizer]], us ...ial tissue, table napkins, and roll towels. They are also foamed to make [[Thermal insulation|insulation]], or [[casting|cast]] into moulded products. Product

...itutive free-radical chlorination (in some cases accompanied by concurrent thermal dehydrochlorination) may be a useful synthetic route. Industrial examples o ...eposited in the earth or dissolved in the [[ocean]]s — about 1.9% of the mass of seawater is chloride ions. Even higher concentrations of chloride are fo

...]] to heat the rock, which would be quenched with a stream of water. The [[thermal shock]] cracked the rock, enabling it to be removed, aided by further strea ...veins, in layers, or in mineral grains generally distributed throughout a mass of actual rock. Both types of ore deposit, placer or lode, are mined by bot

*'''''Thermal''''' :Uses the changes in [[thermal conductivity]] of a gas due to density changes to measure pressure. A commo

...along with the [[Law of Mass Action]].<ref name=Kittel>{{cite book |title= Thermal Physics |last=Kittel |first=Charles |year=1980 |publisher=Freeman |isbn= 0-

! Mass fraction<br/>H₂SO₄ ...the iron and steel making plants. Reacting the [[ammonia]] produced in the thermal decomposition of [[coal]] with waste sulfuric acid allows the ammonia to be

...ic system]] is said to be in '''thermodynamic equilibrium''' when it is in thermal equilibrium, [[mechanical equilibrium]], [[radiative equilibrium]], and [[c *Two systems are in ''thermal equilibrium'' when their [[temperature]]s are the same.

...http://www.ams.org/tran/1999-351-06/S0002-9947-99-02399-5/home.html |title=Thermal capacity estimates on the Allen-Cahn equation |publisher=American Mathemati | [[Leonard–Merritt mass estimator|Leonard–Merritt formula]] || Astrophysics || Peter Leonard and

...oms include a rash and/or cramp, followed by spasms, paralysis and finally Thermal Death Point. The only known cure was the milk of the Queen Bats. |''[[Mass Effect 2]]''

...name="former32"/> PGE2 signals to the hypothalamus to increase the body's thermal set point.<ref name="former32"/><ref name="former33">F. Coceani, I. Bishai, ...|issue=1 |pages=49–54 |issn=1044-3983 |journal=Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) |doi=10.1097/00001648-199501000-00010}}</ref>

...chemical elements|abundance]] of one part in 64&nbsp;million of the total mass.<ref>{{cite book ...nce and isotope ratios in the atmosphere of Jupiter from the Galileo Probe Mass Spectrometer

...reezing point]] of pure water. The immersed container can also make better thermal contact with the salty water and ice mixture than it could with ice alone. ...r cities and taught the business to others, who operated their own plants. Mass production reduced the cost of ice cream and added to its popularity.

...with a metal finger made of strips of two metals with different rates of [[thermal expansion]] sandwiched together; [[steel]] and [[bronze]] are common. An [ ...em]], similar to a [[watch]] and usually using the same, [[Mass production|mass-produced]], technology.

...settled with the work of [[Harry Nyquist]] whose [[Johnson–Nyquist noise|thermal noise power formula]] is well known today.<ref>Lundheim, pp.24-25</ref> ...electrical quantities to realise the filter using mechanical components. [[Mass]] corresponds to [[inductance]], [[stiffness]] to elastance and [[damping]]

...ackage/Device Cooling]</ref> Techniques for heat dissipation can include [[Thermal management of electronic devices and systems#Heat sinks|heatsinks]] and [[f === Thermal resistance of devices ===

...= [[Boltzmann constant#Role in semiconductor physics: the thermal voltage|thermal voltage]] and ''V_A'' = [[Early voltage]]. This current is relate ...= [[Boltzmann constant#Role in semiconductor physics: the thermal voltage|thermal voltage]] and ''I_S'' = reverse saturation current or scale curre

...frequency. The energy involved can be electrical, mechanical, magnetic or thermal. The concept of [[electrical impedance]] is perhaps the most commonly known ...y transfer to the second body will occur when the second body has the same mass ''m''. In a head-on collision of equal masses, the energy of the first body