Ethambutol

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Ethambutol
File:Ethambutol.svg
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(2S,2′S)-2,2′-(ethane-1,2-diyldiimino)dibutan-1-ol
Clinical data
Pregnancy
category
  • B
Routes of
administration
Oral
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability Well-absorbed from GI tract
Protein binding 20 to 30%
Metabolism Liver
Biological half-life 3-4 hr (increased in impaired renal function)
Excretion Renal
Identifiers
CAS Number 74-55-5
ATC code J04AK02 (WHO)
PubChem CID 3279
DrugBank APRD00957
Chemical data
Formula C10H24N2O2
Molar mass 204.31 g/mol[[Script error: No such module "String".]]
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Ethambutol (commonly abbreviated EMB or simply E) is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug prescribed to treat tuberculosis.[1] It is usually given in combination with other tuberculosis drugs, such as isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide.

It is sold under the trade names Myambutol and Servambutol.

Adverse effects

Mechanism of action

Ethambutol is bacteriostatic against actively growing TB bacilli. It works by obstructing the formation of cell wall. Mycolic acids attach to the 5'-hydroxyl groups of D-arabinose residues of arabinogalactan and form mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex in the cell wall. It disrupts arabinogalactan synthesis by inhibiting the enzyme arabinosyl transferase. Disruption of the arabinogalactan synthesis inhibits the formation of this complex and leads to increased permeability of the cell wall.

Pharmacokinetics

It is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and well distributed in body tissues and fluids, 50% is excreted unchanged in urine.

References

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External links

da:Ethambutol de:Ethambutol es:Etambutol fa:اتامبوتول fr:Éthambutol it:Etambutolo nl:Ethambutol ja:エタンブトール pl:Etambutol

ru:Этамбутол
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