Targeted therapy

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Targeted therapy is a type of medication that blocks the growth of cancer cells by interfering with specific targeted molecules needed for carcinogenesis and tumor growth,[1] rather than by simply interfering with rapidly dividing cells (e.g. with traditional chemotherapy). Targeted cancer therapies may be more effective than current treatments and less harmful to normal cells.

Some have challenged use of the term, stating that drugs usually associated with the term are insufficiently selective.[2] The phrase occasionally appears in scare quotes.[3] The definitive experiments that showed that targeted therapy would reverse the malignant phenotype of tumor cells involved treating Her2/neu transformed cells with monoclonal antibodies in vitro and in vivo by Mark Greene’s laboratory.[4]

Types

The main categories of targeted therapy are small molecules and monoclonal antibodies.

Small molecules

Monoclonal antibodies

Several are in development and a few have been licenced by the FDA. Examples of licenced monoclonal antibodies include:

Progress and future

Many oncologists believe that targeted therapies are the chemotherapy of the future. As solid tumor cancer continues to be viewed as a chronic condition, methods for long-term treatment, with less side-effects, continue to be investigated.

In the U.S., the National Cancer Institute's Molecular Targets Development Program (MTDP) to identify and evaluate molecular targets that may be candidates for drug development.

The next stage of targeted therapies will focus on finding which patients will respond to which targeted therapies. This is called the identification of "sub-populations". The route to identify these sub-populations is through biomarkers and surrogate endpoints.

Another promising chemical is salinomycin, which has demonstrated potency in killing cancer stem cells in both laboratory-created and naturally occurring breast tumors in mice.[9][10]

Antibody-drug conjugates are being developed. See also ADEPT (Antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy).

See also

References

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External links

de:Gezielte Krebstherapie

ja:分子標的治療

th:Targeted therapy
  1. "Definition of targeted therapy - NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms". Retrieved 2009-01-25. 
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  3. Markman M (2008). "The promise and perils of 'targeted therapy' of advanced ovarian cancer". Oncology. 74 (1-2): 1–6. doi:10.1159/000138349. PMID 18536523. 
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  8. Pollack, Andrew (2009-03-31). "F.D.A. Panel Supports Avastin to Treat Brain Tumor". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-08-13. 
  9. "New method takes aim at aggressive cancer cells". Broad Communications. Broad Institute. 2009-08-13. Retrieved 2009-08-13. 
  10. Gupta, P.; Onder, TT; Jiang, G; Tao, K; Kuperwasser, C; Weinberg, RA; Lander, ES; et al. (2009-08-13). "Identification of selective inhibitors of cancer stem cells by high-throughput screening". Cell. 138 (4): 645–59. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.06.034. PMID 19682730. Retrieved 2009-08-13.