Difference between revisions of "Ethambutol"
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Revision as of 14:06, 6 July 2010
| File:Ethambutol.svg | |
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
|---|---|
|
(2S,2′S)-2,2′-(ethane-1,2-diyldiimino)dibutan-1-ol | |
| Clinical data | |
| Pregnancy category |
|
| Routes of administration | Oral |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | Well-absorbed from GI tract |
| Protein binding | 20 to 30% |
| Metabolism | Liver |
| Biological half-life | 3-4 hr (increased in impaired renal function) |
| Excretion | Renal |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 74-55-5 |
| ATC code | J04AK02 (WHO) |
| PubChem | CID 3279 |
| DrugBank | APRD00957 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C10H24N2O2 |
| Molar mass | 204.31 g/mol[[Script error: No such module "String".]] |
| (verify) | |
Ethambutol (commonly abbreviated EMB or simply E) is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial drug prescribed to treat tuberculosis.[1] It is usually given in combination with other tuberculosis drugs, such as isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide.
It is sold under the trade names Myambutol and Servambutol.
Adverse effects
- Optic neuritis[2]. Hence contraindicated in children below 6 yrs of age.
- Red-green color blindness
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Arthralgia
- Hyperuricaemia
- vertical nystagmus
- milk skin reaction
Mechanism of action
Ethambutol is bacteriostatic against actively growing TB bacilli. It works by obstructing the formation of cell wall. Mycolic acids attach to the 5'-hydroxyl groups of D-arabinose residues of arabinogalactan and form mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex in the cell wall. It disrupts arabinogalactan synthesis by inhibiting the enzyme arabinosyl transferase. Disruption of the arabinogalactan synthesis inhibits the formation of this complex and leads to increased permeability of the cell wall.
Pharmacokinetics
It is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and well distributed in body tissues and fluids, 50% is excreted unchanged in urine.
References
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<references />, or <references group="..." />External links
da:Ethambutol de:Ethambutol es:Etambutol fa:اتامبوتول it:Etambutolo nl:Ethambutol ja:エタンブトール pl:Etambutol
ru:Этамбутол- Pages with script errors
- Pages with broken file links
- Infobox drug tracked parameters
- Articles without EBI source
- Chemical pages without ChemSpiderID
- Articles without KEGG source
- Articles without InChI source
- Articles without UNII source
- Drugs with no legal status
- Antibiotics
- Tuberculosis
- World Health Organization essential medicines
- Alcohols
- 2Fix
