VGF

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VGF nerve growth factor inducible
Identifiers
Symbol VGF
Entrez 7425
HUGO 12684
OMIM 602186
RefSeq NM_003378
UniProt O15240
Other data
Locus Chr. 7 q22

VGF or VGF nerve growth factor inducible is a protein and neuropeptide that may play a role in regulating energy homeostasis, metabolism[1] and synaptic plasticity.[2] The protein was first discovered in 1985 by Lewi et al.[3] in an experiment with PC12 cells and its name is non-acronymic. VGF gene encodes a precursor which is divided by proteolysis to polypeptides of different mass, which have a variety of functions, the best studied of which is the role of TLQP-21 in the control of appetite and inflammation.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] The expression of VGF and VGF-derived peptides is detected in a subset of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems and specific populations of endocrine cells in the adenohypophysis, adrenal medulla, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas.[12] VGF expression is induced by NGF, CREB and BDNF and regulated by neurotrophin-3.[13][14] Physical exercise significantly increases VGF expression in mice hippocampal tissue and upregulates a neurotrophic signaling cascade thought to underlie the action of antidepressants.[15][16][17][18]

Role in pathology

Changes in expression of discrete VGF fragments have been detected in different neurological and psychiatric conditions. In schizophrenia, one study has shown an increase in the VGF23-62 peptide[19] and a subsequent small study demonstrated that drugs further increase the expression, pointing at a possible ameliorating action of the fragment. A decreased expression of VGF26-62 peptide was found in frontotemporal dementia[20] and the expression of a fragment containing aminoacids 378-398 was found to be changing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis[21] and Alzheimer’s disease.[22] VGF expression has also been shown in damaged peripheral nerves, and it is thought to have a role in neuropathic pain.[23]

References

  1. ↑ Hahm S, Mizuno TM, Wu TJ, Wisor JP, Priest CA, Kozak CA, Boozer CN, Peng B, McEvoy RC, Good P, Kelley KA, Takahashi JS, Pintar JE, Roberts JL, Mobbs CV, Salton SR (1999). "Targeted deletion of the Vgf gene indicates that the encoded secretory peptide precursor plays a novel role in the regulation of energy balance". Neuron. 23 (3): 537–48. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80806-5. PMID 10433265. 
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  3. ↑ Levi A, Eldridge JD, Paterson BM (1985). "Molecular cloning of a gene sequence regulated by nerve growth factor". Science. 229 (4711): 393–5. doi:10.1126/science.3839317. PMID 3839317. 
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  7. ↑ Zhao Z, Lange DJ, Ho L, Bonini S, Shao B, Salton SR, Thomas S, Pasinetti GM (2008). "Vgf is a novel biomarker associated with muscle weakness in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), with a potential role in disease pathogenesis". International Journal of Medical Sciences. 5 (2): 92–9. PMC 2323610 Freely accessible. PMID 18432310. 
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  10. ↑ Jethwa PH, Ebling FJ (2008). "Role of VGF-derived peptides in the control of food intake, body weight and reproduction". Neuroendocrinology. 88 (2): 80–7. doi:10.1159/000127319. PMID 18408361. 
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  12. ↑ Levi A, Ferri GL, Watson E, Possenti R, Salton SR (2004). "Processing, distribution, and function of VGF, a neuronal and endocrine peptide precursor". Cell. Mol. Neurobiol. 24 (4): 517–33. doi:10.1023/B:CEMN.0000023627.79947.22. PMID 15233376. 
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  15. ↑ Hunsberger JG, Newton SS, Bennett AH, Duman CH, Russell DS, Salton SR, Duman RS (2007). "Antidepressant actions of the exercise-regulated gene VGF". Nature Medicine. 13 (12): 1476–82. doi:10.1038/nm1669. PMID 18059283. 
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  17. ↑ Malberg JE, Monteggia LM (2008). "VGF, a new player in antidepressant action?". Science Signaling. 1 (18): pe19. doi:10.1126/stke.118pe19. PMC 2745068 Freely accessible. PMID 18460680. 
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  19. ↑ Huang JT, Leweke FM, Oxley D, Wang L, Harris N, Koethe D, Gerth CW, Nolden BM, Gross S, Schreiber D, Reed B, Bahn S (2006). "Disease biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with first-onset psychosis". PLoS Med. 3 (11): e428. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030428. PMC 1630717 Freely accessible. PMID 17090210. 
  20. ↑ Rüetschi U, Zetterberg H, Podust VN, Gottfries J, Li S, Hviid Simonsen A, McGuire J, Karlsson M, Rymo L, Davies H, Minthon L, Blennow K (2005). "Identification of CSF biomarkers for frontotemporal dementia using SELDI-TOF". Exp. Neurol. 196 (2): 273–81. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.08.002. PMID 16154129. 
  21. ↑ Ranganathan S, Williams E, Ganchev P, Gopalakrishnan V, Lacomis D, Urbinelli L, Newhall K, Cudkowicz ME, Brown RH, Bowser R (2005). "Proteomic profiling of cerebrospinal fluid identifies biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". J. Neurochem. 95 (5): 1461–71. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03478.x. PMC 1540444 Freely accessible. PMID 16313519. free full text
  22. ↑ Carrette O, Demalte I, Scherl A, Yalkinoglu O, Corthals G, Burkhard P, Hochstrasser DF, Sanchez JC (2003). "A panel of cerebrospinal fluid potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease". Proteomics. 3 (8): 1486–94. doi:10.1002/pmic.200300470. PMID 12923774. 
  23. ↑ Moss A, Ingram R, Koch S, Theodorou A, Low L, Baccei M, Hathway GJ, Costigan M, Salton SR, Fitzgerald M (2008). "Origins, actions and dynamic expression patterns of the neuropeptide VGF in rat peripheral and central sensory neurones following peripheral nerve injury". Molecular Pain. 4: 62. doi:10.1186/1744-8069-4-62. PMC 2614976 Freely accessible. PMID 19077191. 


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