Neuropeptide S

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neuropeptide S
Identifiers
SymbolNPS
External IDsOMIM609513 MGI3642232 HomoloGene106066 GeneCards: NPS Gene
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez594857100043254
EnsemblENSG00000214285ENSMUSG00000073804
UniProtP0C0P6P0C0P8
RefSeq (mRNA)NM_001030013XM_001479305
RefSeq (protein)NP_001025184NP_001157083
Location (UCSC)Chr 10:
129.24 - 129.24 Mb
Chr 7:
142.46 - 142.46 Mb
PubMed search[1][2]

Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a neuropeptide found in human and mammalian brain, mainly produced by neurons in the amygdala and between Barrington's nucleus and the locus coeruleus, although NPS-responsive neurons extend projections into many other brain areas.[1][2][3] NPS binds specifically to a newly de-orphaned G protein-coupled receptor, NPSR.[4][5] Animal studies show that NPS suppresses anxiety and appetite, induces wakefulness and hyperactivity, including hyper-sexuality, and plays a significant role in the extinction of conditioned fear.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] It has also been shown to significantly enhance dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway.[12]

Synthetic ligands

The non-peptide NPS receptor antagonist SHA-68 blocks the effects of NPS in animals and is anxiogenic.[13] Several peptide derived NPS agonists and antagonists have also been developed.[14][15][16][17][18]

Peptide sequence

Below are the sequences of mature neuropeptide S in several representative species in which it is expressed:

species sequence MW
human SFRNGVGTGMKKTSFQRAKS 2187.5
rat SFRNGVGSGVKKTSFRRAKQ 2210.5
mouse SFRNGVGSGAKKTSFRRAKQ 2182.5
dog, chimp SFRNGVGTGMKKTSFRRAKS 2215.6
chicken SFRNGVGSGIKKTSFRRAKS 2183.5
consensus SFRNGVGxGXKKTSFxRAKx N/A

References

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  3. Meis S, Bergado-Acosta JR, Yanagawa Y, Obata K, Stork O, Munsch T (2008). "Identification of a neuropeptide S responsive circuitry shaping amygdala activity via the endopiriform nucleus". PLoS ONE. 3 (7): e2695. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002695. PMC 2442874Freely accessible. PMID 18628994. 
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  5. Reinscheid RK (2008). "Neuropeptide S: anatomy, pharmacology, genetics and physiological functions". Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation. 46: 145–58. doi:10.1007/400_2007_051. PMID 18204825. 
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