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Mefloquine is a [[Chirality (chemistry)|chiral]] molecule with two [[asymmetric carbon]] centres, which means it has four different [

...ive treatment of this phenomenon involves the pKas of all nitrogens in the molecule; this treatment, however, suffices to show the principle.) ...ule, the parasite biocrystallizes heme to form [[hemozoin]], a non-toxic molecule. [[Hemozoin]] collects in the digestive vacuole as insoluble crystals.

...ns relatively [[plasma protein binding|unbound to protein]] and is a small molecule: it has a large apparent [[volume of distribution]] of 100 litres and penet ...rom acetyl-S-coenzyme A, to the [[hydroxyl]] groups on the chloramphenicol molecule. The acetylation prevents chloramphenicol from binding to the ribosome. Re

...rase domain (TE) is used as a catalyst for cyclization and releases of the molecule via a [[thioesterase]] scission. After the linear heptapeptide molecule is synthesized, Vancomycin has to further undergo post-translational modifi

...mpts in order to obtain more stable semi-synthetic products, in 1959 a new molecule with high efficacy and good tolerability was produced and was named "rifamp

...structure,as it is metabolized in liver and gets converted in to ammonium molecule which causes hepatitis.

| image2 = Didanosine molecule structure.png

...ough not effective against all viruses, ribavirin is remarkable as a small molecule for its wide range of activity, including important activities against [[in ...cyclic phosphates, but these compounds are no more active than the parent molecule, reflecting the high efficiency of [[esterase]] and [[kinase]] activity in

...ne and 72 times stronger than codeine due to a small re-arrangement of the molecule, viz. moving the methyl group from the 3 to the 6 position on the morphine

...s that barbiturates can activate GABA receptors in the absence of the GABA molecule, whereas benzodiazepines need GABA to be present to have an effect: this ma

...[[water (molecule)|water]]. The hydrated form has 3 molecules of water per molecule of MB.<ref>http://www.methylene-blue.com/substance.php</ref> Methylene blue

...creates a chemical bond, altering the electron density around the reactant molecule and allowing it to undergo reactions that would not normally be available t

...nyl]] [[hydrogen bond]]s, and in the newly claimed form II, each salicylic molecule forms the same hydrogen bonds with two neighboring molecules instead of one

...ub>6</sub>O₂₃S₆'''. It is a [[symmetry|symmetric]] [[molecule]] in the center of which lies [[urea]], '''NH-CO-NH'''. Suramin contains 8

*[http://www.atenolol.tk/ Atenolol], [http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/motm.htm Molecule of the Month] (uses [[Macromedia Flash]]).

...t – thought to be due to the estrogen-like steroid moiety of the digoxin molecule<ref name=Moscovitz>Repercussions of digoxin, digitoxin and estradiol on the

[[Liquid]] acetic acid is a [[hydrophile|hydrophilic]] ([[Polar molecule|polar]]) [[protic solvent]], similar to [[ethanol]] and [[water]]. With a m

...This article deals with <small>D</small>-glucose. The mirror-image of the molecule, [[L-Glucose|<small>L</small>-glucose]], is discussed separately. ...ple sugar" (meaning that it is a monosaccharide), glucose is a complicated molecule because it adopts several different structures. These structures are usual

| [[Water (molecule)|H₂O]] || 36

...r members of the 2-arylpropionic acid class. This is because the ibuprofen molecule contains only a single [[phenyl]] [[Moiety (chemistry)|moiety]] and no bond

Aluminium in air is ordinarily protected by a molecule-thin layer of its own oxide, which is not porous to oxygen. Mercury coming

...n [[soil]], since magnesium is an essential element in the [[chlorophyll]] molecule. It is most commonly applied to potted plants, or to magnesium-hungry crops

...is were also published. As a result of the extensive study and use of this molecule, more than 200 morphine derivatives (also counting codeine and related drug ...ations at positions 2, 4, 5 or 17, usually along with other changes to the molecule elsewhere on the morphine skeleton. Often this is done with drugs produced

...Polar-surface-area.png|thumb|[[Polar surface area|PSA]] of the paracetamol molecule]] ...ic acid]] to [[prostaglandin H2|prostaglandin H₂]], an unstable molecule that is, in turn, converted to numerous other pro-inflammatory compounds. C

...t a site that is distinct from the binding site of the [[endogenous]] GABA molecule. The [[GABA A receptor|GABA_A]] receptor is an inhibitory channel

| [[Water (molecule)|H₂O]] || 360

| ImageName2 = Ball and stick model of the EDTA molecule, in the zwitterionic form found in the solid state * [http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/edta/edtah.htm EDTA: Molecule of the Month]

...a similar structure. Heating alone is not enough to dissolve such a large molecule; because of this, plastics must often be of nearly identical composition in

...otein synthesis]] by inactivating the 26S subunit of the [[ribosome]]. One molecule of abrin will inactivate up to 1,500 [[ribosome]]s per second. Symptoms are

*[http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Chemistry/MOTM/digitalis/digtalis.htm Molecule of the Month - Digitalis]

[[Image:Dimethyltryptamine.svg|thumb|140px|right[[Dimethyltryptamine|DMT]] Molecule in 2D]] [[Image:Dimethyltryptamine-3d-sticks.png|thumb|140px|right|DMT Molecule in 3D]]

...ies '''1.2.2'''&nbsp;[[Chemical compound|Chemical&nbsp;Compounds]]:&nbsp;[[Molecule|Molecular&nbsp;Structure]]&nbsp;and&nbsp;[[Chemical Bond|Chemical&nbsp;Bond

...s high levels of [[Interleukin-1 receptor]] (IL-1R) -containing inhibitory molecule. IL-1R are also referred to as single immunoglobulin IL-1R (SIGIRR). Animal

...lable alkyl amines based solely on a computational structure-based design (molecule d)<ref name="ref 1"></ref>.

...h the [[chemical formula]] H₂NC₅H₄N. The molecule is one of the three isomeric [[amine]]s of [[pyridine]]. It is used primar

.... K. Carlson | title= Isolation and Structural Proof of the Large Diamond Molecule, Cyclohexamantane (C₂₆H₃₀) | journal= Angewandte Chem ...ticle) {{DOI|10.1021/jo061561x}}</ref>. The medial position (base) in this molecule is calculated to yield a more favorable [[carbocation]] than the apical pos

...1.htm | accessdate = 2009-01-02}}.</ref> Auxetic materials can be single [[molecule]]s or a particular structure of macroscopic matter.

...of [[organic compound]]s, the [[H-Si group]]s on the surface react with [[molecule]]s that have terminal [[unsaturated bond]]s or [[diazo group]]s. The reacti

...milar [[electronegativity]]), and hence can be regarded as a single, large molecule[http://www.encyclo.co.uk/define/network%20covalent%20solid]. The classic ex A large molecule with an ionized group is technically an ion, but its behavior may be largel

...cognized by selectively binding to the enzyme, while an incorrectly shaped molecule that does not fit the binding site is not recognized. ...tained cavity can work as a selective binding site for a specific template molecule.

...dsorption|adsorb]] to two (or more) oppositely charged macroions (e.g. DNA molecule) thus establishing molecular bridges and via its connectivity mediate attra

[[Image:SU-8 photoresist.png|right|thumb|250px|SU-8 molecule]]

...1</sub>) and π-π* (S₁–S₂) transitions in the DNQ molecule.<ref>[http://dot.che.gatech.edu/henderson/Introductions/i-line%20resists.ht ...dissociative electron attachment, where the electron comes to rest at the molecule, depositing all its kinetic energy.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.chemph

...hind. These polymers show a certain [[chemical affinity]] for the original molecule and can be used to fabricate sensors, catalysis or for separation methods. The target molecule should have one or more functional groups and should not be polymerisable o

...ns in the solution will impede the polymers ability to bond with the water molecule.

...ial direction) but to the orientation of the major refractive index of the molecule relative to the radial vector. The spherulite polarity depends on the const

...anhydride structure.jpg|thumb|500px|right|The structure of a polyanhydride molecule with ''n'' repeating units.]] ...e classes are determined by examining their R groups (the chemistry of the molecule between the [[anhydride]] bonds).

Parylene N is an unsubstituted molecule. Heating [2.2]paracyclophane under low pressure (0.01 – 1 Torr) condition

...epeating [[threose]] units linked by [[phosphodiester bond]]s. The threose molecule is easier to assemble than ribose making it a possible precursor to RNA.

This is the average length a polymer molecule must diffuse to escape from its particular `tube', and so the characteristi

...he visco-elastic eigenmodels of the films, and finite effects of the small molecule glass are observed. To describe T_g (D, 0) function of polymers m

...perties of ammonium polyphosphate depend on the number of monomers in each molecule and to a degree on how often it branches. Shorter chains (n<100) are more

...curring between double bonds and ozone is known as [[ozonolysis]] when one molecule of the gas reacts with the double bond:

...curring between double bonds and ozone is known as [[ozonolysis]] when one molecule of the gas reacts with the double bond:

...rnal|author=Y. Roiter and S. Minko|doi=10.1021/ja0558239|title= AFM Single Molecule Experiments at the Solid-Liquid Interface: In Situ Conformation of Adsorbed [[File:Amylose2.svg|thumb|right|350px|Structure of the [[amylose]] molecule.]]

But the same [[double bond]] makes the molecule sensitive to [[oxidation]] when hot liquid is exposed to air. The [[polymer

A '''crossbridging''' agent is a difuntional [[molecule]] that, through a chemical reaction, joins [[polymeric]] materials together

...rization|free radical polymerization]] to make a much longer polymer chain molecule. ...formed from the butadiene just added, can further bond to another monomer molecule at either the #2 or #4 carbons of the previous butadiene monomer. Most of t

...the resulting [[arabinogalactan protein]] (AGP) functions as a signalling molecule between cells, as well as glue to seal wounds of plants. <ref name= Nothnag

...the polymerization mixture." There are numerous unstable [[oligomer]]s ([[molecule]]s) which must be synthesized in situ (i.e. in the reaction mixture but can

...rhydroxyl radicals are formed through the conversion of oxygen and a water molecule whereby the TiO2 surface again resumes the initial form and acts as a catal ...oxygen are due to the excited singlet state, a highly reactive form of the molecule. Singlet oxygen is responsible for the rapid deterioration of materials, pa

...ed for/as bulk structure control, responsivity to external stimuli, single molecule chemistry, templates for [[nanoparticle]] formation, catalysis, electro-opt

Two [[molecule]]s of [[lactic acid]] can be dehydrated to [[lactide]], a cyclic [[lactone]

...rnal|author=Y. Roiter and S. Minko|doi=10.1021/ja0558239|title= AFM Single Molecule Experiments at the Solid-Liquid Interface: In Situ Conformation of Adsorbed A '''polymer''' is a large [[molecule]] ([[macromolecule]]) composed of repeating [[structural unit]]s typically

...toplasmic constituents leads to the death of the cell. Comparison of small molecule antimicrobial agents and antimicrobial polymers are shown in the following ! Small Molecule Antimicrobial Agents

...ent ways a structure can change upon the addition or evacuation of a guest molecule.

...arbon atom, i.e. the double bond is between the #1 and #2 carbons in the [[molecule]]. Common alpha-olefins used as co-monomers to give a [[polymer]] [[alkyl] ...es in numerous [[conformation]]s, make it very difficult for the polymer [[molecule]]s to line themselves up side-by-side in an orderly way. Therefore, many p

...allisation durch Verstreckung (Polymer)EN.svg|thumb|The arrangement of the molecule chains upon crystallization by stretching.<ref name="dens"/>]]

The [[ethene]] molecule (known almost universally by its common name ethylene) C₂H<sub>4

...on]] is the act of covalently coupling a PEG structure to another larger [[molecule]], for example, a [[therapeutic protein]] (which is then referred to as '''

...yer<br/> 4. Solvated ions<br/> 5. Peculiar adsorptive ions<br/> 6. Solvent molecule.]]

Nanochannels are utilized to achieve single-molecule sensing and diagnosis, as well as DNA separation. In many cases, nanofluidi ...and separation for short strand DNA by using a nanochannel. For the single-molecule DNA application, the final goal is to sequence a strand of genomic DNA in a

[[File:Octane molecule 3D model.png|thumb|[[Octane]], a [[hydrocarbon]] found in petroleum. Lines ...emicals like [[asphaltene]]s. Each petroleum variety has a unique mix of [[molecule]]s, which define its physical and chemical properties, like color and [[vis

...lar]] theory, which explains an enzyme as a collection of identical huge [[molecule]]s that act as very tiny [[machine]]s, freely moving about between the wate

...ts extreme and one could say that a crystal of a metal represents a single molecule over which all conduction electrons are delocalized in all three dimensions

...raded to [[niacin|nicotinic acid]], leaving small amounts of the unchanged molecule in the roasted beans. In green coffee beans, trigonelline is synthesized fr

...onosaccharides joined by [[glycosidic bond]]s with the resultant loss of a molecule of water (H₂O) per bond.

...n them, in the manner of a [[detergent]]. Since the number of this type of molecule determines the interfacial area, and since spheres naturally form to minimi

...ine group in a protein molecule with a nearby nitrogen in a protein or DNA molecule through a -CH₂- linkage called a [[Schiff base]]. The end result

A common example of a chemical substance is pure [[Water (molecule)|water]]; it has the same properties and the same [[ratio]] of [[hydrogen]] ...compound is a chemical substance that is composed of a particular set of [[molecule]]s or [[ion]]s. Two or more elements combined into one substance through a

...ut the stuff Hertel used, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), is an odd columnar molecule with a hydrophobic end. Suspended in wax, the molecules clump into spheres

The simplest paraffin molecule is that of [[methane]], CH<SUB>4</SUB>, a gas at room temperature. Heavier

...oil is a mixture of wax [[ester]]s, 36 to 46 carbon atoms in length. Each molecule consists of a [[fatty acid]] and a [[Jojoba alcohol|fatty alcohol]] joined

...chains that typically contain between 6 and 16 [[carbon]] [[atom]]s per [[molecule]].<ref>Chris Collins (2007), “Implementing Phytoremediation of Petroleum

...gate (generally [[gravel]] and [[sand]]), [[portland cement]] and [[water (molecule)|water]].

...0&nbsp;°C in a [[kiln]], in a process known as [[calcination]], whereby a molecule of [[carbon dioxide]] is liberated from the calcium carbonate to form [[cal

...enting [[direct DNA damage]] by UV-B. However, the thus excited padimate O molecule may then react with DNA to produce [[indirect DNA damage]], similar to the

...>2</sub>. Along with its [[isomer]] [[4-aminophenol]], it is an amphoteric molecule and a [[reducing agent]]. It is a useful reagent for the synthesis of [[dye ...xyl groups that partly co-ordinates with the same groups on a neighbouring molecule as well. As a result, 2-aminophenol has a rather high melting point compare

...y [[solid]]. This can be explained by the fact that the ''p''-toluidine [[molecule]]s are more symmetrical and fit into a [[crystal]]line structure more easil

'''Dimethyl-4-phenylenediamine''' is a molecule used in the [[oxidase test]].

...ally as a mutagen, an intracellular pH indicator and a negative mode small molecule [[MALDI]] matrix<ref>{{cite journal| last = Vermillion-Salsbury| first = Ra

'''4-Bromoaniline''' is a compound where an [[aniline]] molecule is substituted with a [[bromine]] atom. Commercially available, this compou

...0095a015 | title = Strain effects on amine basicities}}</ref> However, the molecule is [[steric effects|sterically hindered]], making it a weak [[nucleophile]]

...7-diamino-phenazine. They are obtained by the joint [[oxidation]] of one [[molecule]] of a ''para''-diamine with two molecules of a [[primary amine]]; by the c

...e''', or '''2-(4-morpholinoanilino)-6-cyclohexylaminopurine''', is a small molecule developed by the group of [[Peter G. Schultz]], used for [[stem cell]] [[de ...PG, Ding S (2004) Dedifferentiation of lineage-committed cells by a small molecule. ''J. Am. Chem. Soc.'', 126(2):410–411. [PMID 14719906]

...uctural assignment. The correct formula suggested new ways that the atoxyl molecule could be modified, and a series of such derivatives were then synthesized.

...different colours are a result of the different charged states of the dye molecule. In the yellow form all three nitrogen atoms carry a positive charge, of wh

...n]] because it intercalates double stranded [[DNA]], thereby deforming the molecule <ref>{{cite journal | author=M.J. Waring | title=Complex formation between

...se only the cationic form has extended pi-delocalization, which allows the molecule to absorb visible light.

| AtmosphericOHRateConstant = 4.75E-10 cm³/molecule-sec (25°C) ...ons of products sold as fuchsine, and several dozen other synonyms of this molecule.<ref name="nih-basic" />

...ctober |pmid=16041395 |pmc=1751187 |doi=10.1038/sj.bjp.0706351}}</ref> The molecule shares structural similarity with neurotransmitters such as [[serotonin]],

...the barnacle cyprid larva encounters a surface containing medetomidine the molecule enters the octopamine receptor in the larva. This makes the larva legs star

The relative instability of the carbon-oxygen bonds in the molecule is revealed by the comparison in the table of the energy required to break |title = Pyrolysis of Ethylene Oxide. A Hot Molecule Reaction

...-monoxide-3D-vdW.png|Caption=Spacefilling model of a [[carbon monoxide]] [[molecule]]|DiseasesDB=2020|ICD10={{ICD10|T|58||t|51}}|ICD9={{ICD9|986}}|ICDO=|OMIM=| ...oxygen affinity of the remaining three sites, which causes the hemoglobin molecule to retain oxygen that would otherwise be delivered to the tissue.<ref name=

...f the theory. He said that he had discovered the ring shape of the benzene molecule after having a reverie or day-dream of a snake seizing its own tail (this i ...bonding are distributed equally between each of the six carbon atoms. The molecule is planar (ignoring quantum/thermal vibrations), although many calculations

Formaldehyde was the first [[polyatomic]] [[Organic chemistry|organic]] molecule detected in the [[interstellar medium]]<ref>{{citation | last1 = Zuckerman

...ely weak (only 242.580 ±0.004&nbsp;kJ/mol), which makes the {{chem|Cl|2}} molecule highly reactive. ...ndustrial water systems, the chlorine atoms hydrolyze from the rest of the molecule forming hypochlorous acid (HOCl), which acts as a general biocide, killing

A chelating agent is a molecule with at least two negatively charged groups that allow it to form complexes

...of a [[Conjugated system|conjugated]] [[double bond]] system, giving the [[molecule]] its aromatic character. [[Resonance structures]] for porphin can be draw ...clic chain of carbons are four [[nitrogen]] atoms facing the center of the molecule, two of which are bonded to [[hydrogen]] atoms and the other two nitrogens

...tailed linking two [[catechol]]ate groups through one [[hydroxyl]] on each molecule. This linking defines a polydentate ligand that could partially envelop the

...nineteen [[carbon]] atoms, with four [[nitrogen]] atoms in the core of the molecule.

| ImageName1 = Ball-and-stick model of the TMEDA molecule

...dine]] in a 1:2 ratio both through the adenine part and cyclen part of the molecule as evidenced by [[mass spectroscopy]].

...a [[diethylenetriamine]] backbone with five [[carboxy]]methyl groups. The molecule can be viewed as an expanded version of [[EDTA]] and it is used similarly.

The molecule is related to [[citric acid]] by the addition of one [[methylene]] group, w

...uster. The phosphine bridges three chlorogold(I) groups to form the tripod molecule of trichloro-1,1,1-(diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethanetrigold(I), CH<sub>3</sub

...ffective [[chelating agent]]s. The introduction of an amine group into the molecule to obtain -NH₂-C-PO(OH)₂ increases the metal binding

...₆H₄(As(CH₃)₂)₂. The molecule consists of two di[[methyl]]arsino groups attached to adjacent carbon cente

...rolysed]] to form the circular tetrapyrrole [[uroporphyrinogen III]]. This molecule undergoes a number of further modifications. Intermediates are used in diff

...s/10.1021/ic100315u|doi 10.1021/ic100315u}}</ref> Metallacrown [[container molecule]]s constructed from the 15-MC-5 structure type have been shown to selective

...175°C, it decomposes through the loss of [[carbon dioxide]] and [[water (molecule)|water]]. Citric acid leaves a white crystalline precipitate.

| ImageName2 = Ball and stick model of the EDTA molecule, in the zwitterionic form found in the solid state * [http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/edta/edtah.htm EDTA: Molecule of the Month]

* [[Zwitterion]]s with acidic and basic [[functional group]]s in the same [[molecule]], e.g. [[glycine]] which tend to be water soluble at most pH.

...l different atom types depending on the environment of the atom within the molecule. While this method is generally the least accurate, the advantage is that ...ts (defined as one or more atoms covalently bound to each other within the molecule). Fragmentary log ''P'' values have been determined in a statistical method

...librium unfolding is used to determine the conformational stability of the molecule. In its simplest form, equilibrium unfolding assumes that the molecule may belong to only two thermodynamic states, the ''folded state'' (typicall

...ydrolysis''' is a [[chemical reaction]] during which molecules of [[water (molecule)|water]] (H₂O) are split into [[hydrogen]] [[cation]]s (H<sup>+< ...distinct from [[hydration reaction|hydration]]. In hydration, the hydrated molecule does not "lyse" (break into two new compounds). It should not be confused w

...cription of the effect of solvent ions on the electrostatic field around a molecule. ...ree energy difference between the protonated and deprotonated forms of the molecule. This free energy difference is measured using methods such as [[free-energ

...ponent system, where the vapor and liquid consist of more than one type of molecule, describing the equilibrium state is more complicated. For all components <

Some values for ''k''_H for gases dissolved in [[water (molecule)|water]] at 298&nbsp;[[kelvin|K]] include: ...he minimum is below 120 °C. It is often observed that the smaller the gas molecule (and the lower the gas solubility in water), then the lower the temperature

...al pressure of a gas is a measure of thermodynamic activity of the gas's [[molecule]]s. Gases will always flow from a region of higher partial pressure to one ...iquid]]'s tendency to [[evaporate]]. It is a measure of the tendency of [[molecule]]s and [[atom]]s to escape from a liquid or a [[solid]]. A liquid's atmosph

...essure-temperature diagrams of a single simple substance, such as [[water (molecule)|water]]. The [[Cartesian coordinate system|axes]] correspond to the [[pres ...g|thumb|250px|left|A typical phase diagram. The dotted line gives [[Water_(molecule)#Density_of_water_and_ice|the anomalous behavior of water]]. The green lin

...red information comes from quantum mechanics calculations specific to each molecule (sigma profiles) combined with a statistical thermodynamics treatment of su where ν is the number of ions produced from the dissociation of one molecule of the dissolved salt, ''m'' is the molal concentration of the salt dissolv

...reaction is one in which a substrate reacts with water, splitting a water molecule into hydroxide and hydrogen ions. In this case the hydroxide ion then forms ...then a substitution rreaction involving the displacement of a bound water molecule by ammonia forming the tetrahedral complex [Ag(NH₃)(OH<sub>2</su

...ate acid]]. The reverse reaction is an [[hydrolysis]] reaction, as a water molecule, acting as a base, is split. Further condensation may occur, particularly w [[Image:Sulfuric-acid-3D-vdW.png|thumb|100px|right|sulfuric acid molecule]]

The uncharged molecule usually has lower solubility than the ionic form, so solubility depends on

...n there are more than one possible equilibrium constants. For example, the molecule [[Levodopa|L-dopa]] has two non-equivalent hydroxyl groups which may be dep

...eaker acids, like [[acetic acid]], have smaller dissociation constants. A molecule can have several acid dissociation constants. In this regard, that is depen

...ion-pair may be termed ''fully solvated''. When there is about one solvent molecule between cation and anion, the ion-pair may be termed ''solvent-shared''. La ...so contributes to the enthalpy, as does the energy of displacing a solvent molecule from the solvation shell of the cation or anion. The tendency to associate

...up, COOH. The carboxylate group can lose a proton and donate it to a water molecule, H₂0, leaving behind an acetate anion CH₃COO- and cre ...as a [[dissociation constant]]. The liberated proton combines with a water molecule to give a [[hydronium ion|hydronium (or oxonium) ion]] H₃O<sup>+

...em|H|+}} ion and forming the conjugate base, {{chem|OH|−}}, and a second molecule of water acts as a base, accepting the {{chem|H|+}} ion and forming the con ...on, the HOMO-interacting molecule acts as a base, and the LUMO-interacting molecule acts as an acid.<ref name="lewis_2" /> In highly-polar molecules, such as [

...utodissociation of water''') is the chemical reaction in which two [[water molecule]]s react to produce a [[hydronium]] ion (H₃O⁺) and a ...up>&nbsp;mol/L and the ions are rarely produced: a randomly selected water molecule will dissociate within approximately 10 hours.<ref>{{cite journal | author

...measured value of vapor pressure is less than the predicted value, fewer [[molecule]]s have left the solution than expected. This is put down to the strength o ...t it does not matter whether a molecule A has another A as neighbor or a B molecule. This is only approximately true if the two species are almost identical ch

...[[nonvolatile acid]]s from the metabolism of proteins and other [[organic molecule]]s

The dissociation of salts by [[solvation]] in a [[solution]] like [[water (molecule)|water]] means the separation of the [[anion]]s and [[cation]]s. The salt c [[Fragmentation (chemistry)|Fragmentation]] of a molecule can take place by a process of [[heterolysis]] or [[homolysis]]

...a molecule of CO₂ may leave the liquid phase, but then another molecule of CO₂ will pass from the gas to the liquid. At equilibrium the

...acids''' and '''Brønsted bases''' are defined, by which an [[acid]] is a molecule or ion that is able to lose, or "donate" a [[hydrogen]] cation ([[proton]], The conjugate base is the ion or molecule remaining after the acid has lost a proton, and the conjugate acid is the s

...high [[binding selectivity]] of a host (receptor) for a particular target molecule or ion, the guest or ligand. An application is the development of [[chemica In [[biochemistry]], an oxygen molecule can bind to an iron (II) atom in a [[heme]] [[prosthetic group]] in [[hemog

...m) group. Each heme group contains one iron atom, that can bind one oxygen molecule through [[ion]]-induced dipole forces. The most common type of hemoglobin i ...e the helical sections inside this protein, causing attractions within the molecule, folding each polypeptide chain into a specific shape.<ref>"Hemoglobin Tuto

...eric [[Redox|oxidation]] of [[sulfur dioxide]] in the presence of [[water (molecule)|water]] - i.e., oxidation of [[sulfurous acid]]. Sulfur dioxide is the mai ...d to prepare many dried fruits. The affinity of sulfuric acid for [[water (molecule)|water]] is sufficiently strong that it will remove [[hydrogen]] and [[oxyg

...cid on to a water molecule and then on to an ethanoate ion to form another molecule of ethanoic acid and leaving the number of ethanoic acid molecules unchange ...ticularly large, but it greatly exceeds the energy of [[solvation]] of the molecule Ni(dmgH)₂.

...effect'', trans ligands also have an influence on the ground state of the molecule, notably on bond lengths and stability. Some authors prefer the term '''tra :[[fluoride|F⁻]], [[water (molecule)|H₂O]], [[hydroxide|OH⁻]] < [[ammonia|NH<sub>3</sub

.../sup>]] < [[oxalate|C₂O₄²⁻]] < [[water (molecule)|H₂O]] < [[isothiocyanate|NCS⁻]] < [[acetonitrile|C ...such a complex have been split into two sets as described above, when the molecule absorbs a photon of visible light one or more electrons may momentarily jum

*The bonding of the crystal or molecule can viewed as a network of capacitors and standard equations of electrostat However, according to the bond valence method the molybdenum on this molecule would have valence 7, which is chemically impossible.

...gand]]s that are [[coordination (bond)|bonded]] to the central atom in a [[molecule]] or a [[coordination complex]]. The geometrical arrangement will vary acco

...ub>3</sub>)₃ contains a bridging dinitrogen molecule, where the molecule is end-on coordinated to the two metal centers (see [[hapticity#Hapticity v ...on the metal for an extra 2-electron donating ligand 'L'. Removal of one molecule of CO and again donation of two more electrons by the cyclopentadienyl liga

...[crystallography]], the '''coordination number''' of a central atom in a [[molecule]] or [[crystal]] is the number of its nearest neighbours. This number is de ...[Alfred Werner]], is the total number of neighbours of a central atom in a molecule or ion.<ref>''De, A.K: "A Text Book of Inorganic Chemistry", page 88. New A

.../rspa.1937.0142}}</ref> The theorem essentially states that any non-linear molecule with a [[degenerate energy level|degenerate]] electronic ground state will

In coordination [[chemistry]], a '''ligand''' is an [[ion]], or [[molecule]] (see also: [[functional group]]) that binds to a central metal-atom to fo Virtually every molecule and every ion can serve as a ligand for (or "coordinate to") metals. Monode

...central atom. Originally, a complex implied a reversible association of [[molecule]]s, [[atom]]s, or [[ion]]s through such weak [[chemical bond]]s. As applied ...tendency to react with such substrates (it must be said that the dioxygen-molecule also has lone pairs, so it is also capable to react as a 'normal' Lewis bas

...electron pairs are donated by the ligands). Imagine the central atom of a molecule being stripped of all its appendages, and the intervening electrons going w

...es occur in water. When an [[anionic]] ligand replaces a coordinated water molecule the reaction is called an '''anation'''. The reverse reaction, water replac

*[[Leukocyte adhesion molecule deficiency]]

* [[Male pseudohermaphroditism due to defective LH molecule]]

...d in the other blood liquids and not connected to Hgb. The [[haemoglobin]] molecule is the primary transporter of oxygen in [[mammals]] and many other species. ...ohydrate]]s, [[protein]]s, and [[lipid]]s). The primary oxygen transporter molecule is [[hemocyanin]].

...protein|protein filaments]] like [[CD31|platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1]] or (PECAM-1). <!--When the interstitial fluid volume increases the fene

...e may occur as inorganic orthophosphate particles or be part of an organic molecule ([[organophosphate]]). Bringing phosphate in any form into the cell and whe The addition of a [[phosphate]] (PO₄) group to another molecule, including any [[protein]], is phosphorylation. Many [[enzyme]]s and [[Rece

The net effect of enterohepatic recirculation is that each bile salt molecule is reused about 20 times, often multiple times during a single digestive ph

...[[hormone]] and a powerful [[dipsogen]]. It is derived from the precursor molecule angiotensinogen, a serum globulin produced in the [[liver]]. It plays an im

...in A chain, low density lipoprotein-receptor, and the neural cell adhesion molecule]; ''J. Biol. Chem.'', Vol. 266, Issue 34, 22939-22947, 12, 1991 </ref> coat

...d on the T cell. This binding induces a conformational change in the LFA-1 molecule causing it to bind tightly to ICAM-1.<ref name="isbn0-19-920614-7">{{cite b #the mAb MECA-367 recognizes mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1), a counter-receptor for L-selectin and α4β7 integrin that is

...] linkage found in [[anandamide]]. Based on this opposite orientation, the molecule was named virodhamine from the Sanskrit word ''virodha'', which means oppos

...droxypropyl) group. This adds a "southern" aliphatic hydroxyl group to the molecule as seen in the CP- series of nonclassical cannabinoid drugs, and so AM-919

...prop-1-ynyl) group. This adds a "southern" aliphatic hydroxyl group to the molecule as seen in the CP- series of nonclassical cannabinoid drugs, and so AM-938

...prop-1-enyl) group. This adds a "southern" aliphatic hydroxyl group to the molecule as seen in the CP- series of nonclassical cannabinoid drugs, and so AM-4030

[[Image:Thc.pdb.gif|thumb|3D rendering of the THC molecule]]

...solvent interaction with analytes is often characterized on the basis of a molecule's [[Chemical polarity|polarity]]. The majority of the psychoactive constit ...r]]) are actually relatively safe when exposure is limited. This class of molecule has a very narrow range of chemical reactivity. The molecules are simply u

...vels of [[THC]] (Δ⁹- tetrahydrocannabinol), a [[psychoactive]] molecule that produces the "high" associated with [[cannabis (drug)|marijuana]]. The

...ns being mapped here include ion channels, neurotransmitter receptors, and molecule transporters. Along the plasma membrane, the proteins involved in creating

....014 }}</ref> APP is best known and most commonly studied as the precursor molecule whose [[proteolysis]] generates [[beta amyloid]] (Aβ), a 39- to 42-[[amino

A '''neurochemical''' is an [[Organic chemistry|organic]] molecule, such as [[serotonin]], [[dopamine]], or [[nerve growth factor]], that part *[[Molecule]]

...[amino acid]] derivative, in essence a small [[Organic chemistry|organic]] molecule).<ref name=small>{{cite journal|author =Small KM, McGraw DW and Liggett SB. The classification of one molecule into one class or another is not exact.&nbsp; For example, [[epinephrine]]

...e]]. The sculpture was commissioned by [[Roderick MacKinnon]] based on the molecule's atomic coordinates that were determined by MacKinnon's group in 2001.]]

...st|partial agonist]] activity at μ-[[opioid receptor]]s, i.e., when the [[molecule]] binds to a [[receptor (biochemistry)|receptor]], it is less likely to tra

.../sub> and μ₂) [of which hydromorphone, related to the morphine molecule, is a primary [[mu opioid receptor|μ]] agonist]. Although this can lead to The chemical modification of the morphine molecule to produce hydromorphone results in a drug with higher lipid solubility and

...am Doering]] on account that they had obtained not quinine but a precursor molecule. In 2001, an editorial in [[Chemical & Engineering News]] supported Storks ...group. The substituent at the carbon-3 position is a [[vinyl]] group. The molecule is [[optically active]] with four [[stereogenic]] groups making synthesis p

| image2 = Diflunisal molecule structure.png

'''Fenamic acid''' is a molecule which serves as a parent structure for several [[non-steroidal anti-inflamm

| bioavailability = The alfaxalone molecule is solubilised in the Alfaxan formulation using 2α- hydroxypropyl ß cyclo

'''Cyclopropane''' is a [[cycloalkane]] [[molecule]] with the molecular formula C₃H₆, consisting of thre ...other [[cycloalkane]]s such as [[cyclohexane]] and [[cyclopentane]]. The molecule also has torsional strain due to the [[eclipsed conformation]] of its [[hyd

...120° for ideal sp² [[hybridization (chemistry)|hybridized]] carbon. The molecule is also relatively rigid: rotation about the C-C bond is a high energy proc The π-bond in the ethylene molecule is responsible for its useful reactivity. The double bond is a region of hi

...he first [[excimer laser]] design used a xenon [[Dimer (chemistry)|dimer]] molecule (Xe₂) as its [[Active laser medium|lasing medium]],<ref name="ba ...de-3D-vdW.png|thumb|[[Xenon tetrafluoride]]|alt=A model of planar chemical molecule with a blue center atom (Xe) symmetrically bonded to four peripheral atoms

...ed as a [[general anesthetic]]. Ether is sparingly [[soluble]] in [[Water (molecule)|water]] (6.9 g/100 mL). ...ivity|electronegative]] oxygen atom of the [[ethanol]], giving the ethanol molecule a positive charge:

An attractive property of the casein molecule is its ability to form a gel or clot in the stomach. The ability to form th ...tea that cause the arteries to relax, especially a [[catechins|catechin]] molecule called [[Epigallocatechin gallate|EGCG]]. A similar study by Reddy et al. (

...transistors, and by 2020 will be in molecular scale production, where each molecule can be individually positioned.<ref>{{cite book |last = Waldner |first = J