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Version 1.3, 3 November 2008 Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>

...ry of France|French military forces]]—members of the Multinational Force in Lebanon—killing 299 American and French servicemen. The organization [[Is [[Suicide bomber]]s detonated each of the truck bombs. In the attack on the American Marines barracks, the death toll was 241 America

|Ship in service= ...or Philippine Navy service.</ref> on 5 April 1976. She was decommissioned in June 1985,<ref>Per NavSource Online at http://www.navsource.org/archives/09

|Ship length={{convert|315|ft|3|in|m|abbr=on}}<ref name=DANFS /> |Ship beam={{convert|29|ft|9|in|m|abbr=on}}<ref name=Con-123>Gardiner, pp. 122–23.</ref>

|Ship length={{convert|315|ft|3|in|m|abbr=on}}<ref name=DANFS /> |Ship beam={{convert|30|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}<ref name=Con-123>Gardiner, pp. 122–23.</ref>

...The U.S. harvested 1,004,600 acres (4&nbsp;065&nbsp;km²) of sugarbeets in 2008 alone.<ref>[http://www.nass.usda.gov/QuickStats/index2.jsp NASS - Statistic ...ber 21, 2009, a federal court ruled that the USDA had violated federal law in deregulating Roundup Ready sugar beets without adequately evaluating the en

...ating and lighting. Unlike the common coal gas, or coke gas which was used in municipal service, this gas provided a more efficient heating fuel.Gaseous- ...Diplomat 3 GS mit Holzgasgenerator-hinten rechts.JPG|thumb|Adler Diplomat in WW II with wood gas generator]]

...oduces a large back blast, a significant problem when operating the weapon in urban environments. ...sweden">http://www.svenskafreds.se/english/vapenexport.pdf</ref><li> [[War in Afghanistan (2001-present)|Afghanistan War]]<ref name="amnestysweden"/><li>

The '''Main Battle Tank and Light Armour Weapon''' ('''MBT LAW''') is a disposable, man-portable, short range [[fire-and-forget]] [[anti- ...a soft-launch system, allowing it to be used from within an enclosed room. In this system, the rocket is first launched out of launcher using a low power

...igh-Low System|High-Low Propulsion System]] which keeps recoil forces with in the boundaries of infantry weapon. Presented on this page is a basic overvi ...d filler and/or fuze mechanism. The M386/M406 differed from the M381/M441 in that they had a longer arming distance (14-28 meters compared to the 2-3 me

...<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bosack|first1=Robert|title=Anesthesia Complications in the Dental Office|date=2015|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781118828625| ...be given until the desired effect is reached.<!-- <ref name=AHFS2015/> --> In those with previous heart disease, further heart problems have occurred.<re

...oppy (''Papaver bractreatum''), and codeine is extracted from this species in some places although the below-mentioned morphine methylation process is st ...] found in the [[opium poppy]], ''Papaver somniferum var. album'', a plant in the [[papaveraceae]] family. Opium poppy has been cultivated and utilized t

...tant Campylobacter species and the withdrawal of fluoroquinolones from use in poultry: a public health success story. | journal = Clin Infect Dis | volum ...r a variety of different brand names and is also available for limited use in [[veterinary medicine]].

'''Fluoxetine''' (trade names: '''Prozac''', '''Sarafem''', or in combination with [[olanzapine]] as '''[[Symbyax]]''') is an [[antidepressan ...ion]] (including pediatric depression), [[obsessive-compulsive disorder]] (in both adult and pediatric populations), [[bulimia nervosa]], [[panic disorde

...[[Canada]], [[Switzerland]], and many other countries, but by prescription in the [[United States]] (brand names '''Phenergan''', '''Promethegan''', '''R ...as the hydrochloride salt is freely soluble in water and somewhat soluble in alcohol. Promethazine is a [[chirality_(chemistry)|chiral]] compound, occur

| SolubleOther = soluble in [[alcohol]], [[ether]], [[sulfuric acid]] ...ept for [[California]] allow nitrous oxide as an [[anesthetic]]. Also used in the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Australia]]. -->

...cksilver|title=quicksilver definition|dateformat=mdy|accessdate=October 13 2008|publisher=Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1)}}</ref---> or '''hydrargyrum''' Mercury occurs in deposits throughout the world mostly as [[cinnabar]] ([[mercuric sulfide]])

...city|damage]] (due to [[acetaminophen]] or [[paracetemol]] (APAP; Tylenol) in many morphine preparations) *[[Respiratory acidosis]] or an abnormal decrease in the [[pH]] of the [[blood]]

...(genus)|Ephedra]]'' (family [[Ephedraceae]]). It is most usually marketed in the ''hydrochloride'' and ''sulfate'' forms. In traditional Chinese medicines, the herb ''má huáng'' (麻黄, ''[[Ephedra

...tional Abuse: Intravenous (IV), Intramuscular (IM), Insufflated, Sprinkled in ethanol, smoked ...ref>{{cite journal |author=Fuccella LM |title=Bioavailability of temazepam in soft gelatin capsules |journal=Br J Clin Pharmacol |volume=8 |issue=1 |page

...e best-known scholars of the day. This edition of the encyclopedia is now in the [[public domain]], but the outdated nature of some of its content makes ...ot only in the increased amount of American and Canadian content, but also in the efforts made to give it a more popular tone.{{Citation needed|date=June

| author = As of 2008, 4,411 named contributors | media_type = As of 2008, 32 volumes (hardbound)

{{Refimprove|date=November 2008}} ...www.angelicum.net/html/in_memoriam_mortimer_j__adler.html Ralph McInerny, "In Memoriam Mortimer J. Adler," Crisis magazine, 2001]</ref>

| image_caption = Title page from the 38th edition published in 1880 ...very popular<ref name="WAndrews" /> with 47 editions being printed by 1905 in English alone,<ref name="booklist" /> and this popularity enabled Brewer to

...ivity values sum to 1 by [[Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation|Kirchoff's law]]. ...are in the mid- and long- infrared [[Electromagnetic spectrum|spectrum]], in the range of 3 - 15 micrometres.

...s as chloride and iodide and is capable to retain them to a certain extent in its crystallographical structure. In the [[cement chemist notation]], considering that

...extremely large".<ref name="Quddus99">Muhammad Abdul Quddus (1992), p.99, in ch.5 pdf</ref> In [[American English]], asphalt (or asphalt cement) is the carefully refined

Many familiar substances are colloids, as shown in the [[Colloid#Classification of colloids|chart]] below. As well as these na ...are affected largely by the [[surface science|surface chemistry]] present in the colloid.

...rs |accessdate= |author= |date= |year= |publisher= UN |pages= }}</ref> In the past, DU has been called '''Q-metal''', '''depletalloy''', and '''D-38' ...>]]. Civilian uses include counterweights in aircraft, radiation shielding in medical [[radiation therapy]] and industrial [[radiography]] equipment, and

Polystyrene is a [[thermoplastic]] substance, which is in solid (glassy) state at room temperature, but flows if heated above its [[g Solid polystyrene is used, for example, in disposable [[cutlery]], plastic models, CD and DVD cases, and smoke detecto

{{Refimprove|date=October 2008}} ...Dust-storm-Texas-1935.png|thumb|A [[dust storm]] blankets [[Texas]] homes, in 1935.]]

...reasures'', those that have been designated since June 9, 1951 after the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties came into force. ...of items is much higher since groups of related objects have been joined in single entries.

The term "[[National Treasures of Japan|National Treasure]]" has been used in Japan to denote [[Cultural Properties of Japan|cultural properties]] since |title= Architecture and authority in Japan

...he interconnectivity of the voids. Pervious concrete is traditionally used in [[parking lot|parking areas]], areas with light traffic, residential [[stre ...sfer of both water and air to root systems allowing trees to flourish even in highly developed areas.

In modern times, hemp has been used for industrial purposes including paper, [ title=Industrial Hemp Production in Alberta |

...rd Hoover, is designed primarily as a mobility tool used to detect objects in the path of a user. Cane length depends upon the height of a user, and trad *'''"Kiddie" cane''': This version works in the same way as an adult's long cane, but is designed for use by children.

{{Unreferenced|date=June 2008}} ...es,''' with some versions called a '''French barrier''' or '''bike rack''' in the USA), are commonly used at many public events. They are frequently visi

{{Orphan|date=September 2008|att=September 2008}} ...te a piece of plant or equipment. It is law to have work method statements in place to advise employees and contractors on how to work safely.

{{Cleanup|date=June 2008}}{{Original research|date=June 2008}} ...almost any economic sector. However, at a global level, most of them work in agriculture (70%).<ref name=WHO_Childlab/>

...a substance or substances hazardous to human health and/or the environment in the short or long term. Such events include [[Conflagration|fires]], [[expl ...cidents in recorded history was the 1984 [[Bhopal disaster]] in [[India]], in which more than 3,000 people were killed after a highly toxic [[vapour]], (

...ponsible for the regulation of risks to [[occupational safety and health]] in [[People's Republic of China|China]]. The director of SAWS is [[Wang Jun (P *[[Li Yizhong]] (李毅中): February 2005 - March 2008

...in violation do so intentionally and hope not to get caught, others intend in good faith to stay awake, and accidentally doze. ...such an important issue, that it is addressed in the [[employee handbook]] in most workplaces.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=YSXMk1BaBTMC&pg=PA176

...ksi_19953163_en_1.htm Statutory Instrument 1995 No. 3163] accessed 5 March 2008</ref> ...essed 9 March 2008</ref> Even today, hundreds are killed at work each year in the UK|thumb|left]]

...omplete oxidation to carbon dioxide (CO₂) and is often produced in domestic or industrial settings by motor vehicles and other gasoline-powere ...mans by combining with [[hemoglobin]] to form [[carboxyhemoglobin]] (HbCO) in the blood. This prevents oxygen binding to hemoglobin, reducing the oxygen-

...=Health and Safety Executive for Northern Ireland | year=2006 | accessdate=2008-04-18 }}</ref> ...riginal_text.doc SI 1978/1039 (NI 9)]</ref> It was renamed '''Executive''' in 1998.<ref>Health and Safety at Work (Amendment) (Northern Ireland) Order 19

...ttp://www.opsi.gov.uk/SI/si1992/Uksi_19923004_en_5.htm#exnote | accessdate=2008-04-19 }}</ref><br /> ...[[Health and Safety Executive]] (HSE) or in some cases, [[Local government in England|local authorities]].<ref>Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974, s

In the [[law of the European Union]], '''indicative limit values''', more exactly '''ind ...limits lower than the IOELV and are not required to revise these upwards. In practice, most member states adopt the IOELV but there are some variances u

...ous substances for which there are no formal occupational exposure limits. In these cases, [[control banding]] strategies can be used to ensure safe hand [[Category:Labour law]]

[[File:Dodemansknop Linde.jpg||thumb|right|200px|A dead man's switch in a high altitude truck]] ...tive names|alternative names]]) is a switch that is automatically operated in case the [[human]] operator becomes [[wikt:incapacitated|incapacitated]], s

...]]-related [[accident]]s. Such accidents take place in various forms, and in a number of locations; ranging from car doors to garage doors. ...ry in severity and frequency. According to the [[National Safety Council]] in the [[US]], 300,000 injuries are caused by doors every year.

| accessdate=2008-07-15 ...lth and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974]] and [[Health and safety regulations in the United Kingdom|regulations made under it]].

In the '''[[United Kingdom]]''' there are several '''[[crime]]s''' that arise ...strates feel that the offence is so serious as to exceed their [[sentence (law)|sentencing]] powers, they can send it to the Crown Court for trial of for

...on for securing the health, safety and welfare of persons employed to work in certain railway premises; to amend certain provisions of the Factories Act ...way-premises-bill | work=Hansard | publisher=Millbank Systems | accessdate=2008-08-10 | title=HC Deb 15 November 1962 vol 667 cc588-684 }}</ref>|

{{for|the ghost town in Minnesota |Manganese, Minnesota}} ...ganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels.

...re to asbestos is more likely to cause health problems, as asbestos exists in the ambient air at low levels, which itself does not cause health problems. ...late wiring for its [[electrical insulation]] at elevated temperature, and in buildings for its [[flame retardant|flame-retardant]] and insulating proper

|number= (EC) No 1272/2008 |OJref= L353, 31.12.2008, pp.&nbsp;1–1355

{{Inappropriate tone|date=May 2008}} ...dards. The European Union has implemented the United Nations' GHS into EU law as the [[CLP Regulation]].

...] and [[occupational safety]]. Its mission is to benefit those at work and in the community by providing quality research, consultancy and training and b ...antitative research|quantitative]] data to set protective health standards in the industry. 50,000 coalminers were eventually recruited into the study fr

...ion is "to advance and improve workplace safety and health for all workers in Oregon."<ref>[http://www.orosha.org/aboutus.html Oregon OSHA, About Us]</re ...e Industrial Accident Commission – regulated workplace safety and health in Oregon. On October 2, 1989, APD became the Oregon Occupational Safety and H

{{Refimprove|date=July 2008}} ...ailures through regulation, education and training. It can also be applied in the context of campaigns that inform the public as to the safety of [[air t

...United Kingdom</ref> In the [[United States]], this phrase was first used in 1986. ...that expects more and more from their employees yet offers little security in return.

...sks which were previously inaccessible due to physical restrictions, which in turn may reduce labor, land, or maintenance requirements placed on humans. ...ated exclusion of engineered nanoparticles from certified organic produce in Australia and the UK <ref>Paull, John (2010) , [http://orgprints.org/16786/

...ata management services in the United States. The company was established in 2004 following the consolidation of a number of small businesses providing ...ing services to US industrial and governmental companies and organizations in over 8,000 locations across the US.

{{Multiple issues|cleanup =January 2008|expand =January 2008|unreferenced =November 2009}} ...ce to the victim of the accident by representing their needs in a court of law and hopefully receive some compensation for any inconvenience caused by an

...international radiation symbol (also known as [[trefoil]]) first appeared in [[1946]], at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] Radiation Laborator ...ts the action of avoiding the labeled material. The symbol had been tested in countries with different population of varying groups, ages, and education

...f anticipating, recognizing, evaluating and controlling [[health]] hazards in the working environment with the objective of protecting worker health and ...s and refers to "[[Employment|Work]]", "[[Workplace]]" and "Place of Work" in general. ''Environmental Hygiene'' addresses similar issues to ''Occupatio

...f the [[Health and Safety Executive]] or in some cases, [[Local government in England|local authorities]].<ref>Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974, s ...uty of care|duty]] imposed by regulations, they have a [[cause of action]] in [[tort]] against the offender.<ref>Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974,

{{refimprove|talk=y|date=July 2008}} ...l ''Integrated Safety Management: Ergonomics'']. Website. Retrieved 9 July 2008.</ref>

...anizational level after the current level's resources have been exhausted. In the private sector, emergency management is sometimes referred to as [[busi ...Reduction|disaster risk reduction]], particularly for emergency management in a development management context. This focuses on the mitigation and prepar

...e [[safety]], [[health]] and [[quality of life|welfare]] of people engaged in [[Employment|work or employment]]. The goal of all occupational health and ...from factors adverse to health; the placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment adapted to his physiological and psychological

In the '''[[United Kingdom]]''' there are many '''regulations''' relevant to [ ...nts Case Compendium | publisher=Sentencing Guidelines Council | accessdate=2008-03-08 | year=2005 }}</ref>

...of the science and technology of fire protection engineering and is named in memory of the achievements of Arthur Guise <ref>Society of Fire Protection * [[Margret Law]] (1994)

...is Nicolas Vauquelin]] in the mineral [[crocoite]] (''[[lead chromate]]'') in 1797. Crocoite was used as a pigment, and after the discovery that the mine ...lete removal from the diet has caused [[chromium deficiency]]. It is toxic in larger amounts. [[Hexavalent chromium]] (Cr(VI)) is toxic and [[carcinogeni

...rous land-based work sector in [[Europe]], after the [[fishing industry]]. In the [[European Union]], the fatal accident rate is nearly 13 workers per 10 ...nonfatal injuries and illnesses at a rate of 7.9 per 100 full-time workers in the industry.<ref>BLS. Survey of occupational injuries and illnesses. Washi

...Hermann, both in Germany, as an impurity in [[zinc carbonate]]<ref>Cadmium in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1 ...declines have been due to competing technologies, cadmium’s [[toxicity]] in certain forms and concentration and resulting regulations <ref name="Refere

...sion with respect to the employment medical advisory service; to amend the law relating to building regulations, and the Building (Scotland) Act 1959; and ...Parliament|Act]] of the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] that {{As of|2008|lc=on}} defines the fundamental structure and authority for the encourageme

...versity]]. He is the author of ''Sweatshops on Wheels: Winners and Losers in Trucking Deregulation'' ([[Oxford University Press]], 2000). Along with Gr ...t amounts to barely more than the minimum wage. [This book] is eye-opening in its appraisal of what the trucking industry has become."{{Citation needed|d

...Symptoms include abdominal pain, headache, [[anemia]], irritability, and in severe cases [[seizure]]s, [[coma]], and [[death]]. ...e policies (e.g. laws that ban lead in products or reduce allowable levels in water or soil).

...utive) Order 2008, [http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2008/uksi_20080960_en_1 SI 2008/960]</ref> ...s for and encourage research and publication, [[training]] and information in connection with its work.

...ut| the extraction of geological materials from the Earth|the municipality in [[Austria]]|Mining, Austria|the siege tactic|Mining (military)|name of the ...cumference and second deepest [[open-pit mining|open pit]] [[copper]] mine in the world.]]

...electrically charged objects]]. It affects the behavior of charged objects in the vicinity of the field. The electromagnetic field extends indefinitely t ...etic field is described by [[Maxwell's equations]] and the [[Lorentz force law]].

...[[stratum corneum]], is the main contributor to the impedance of the body in the case of a [[macroshock]]&mdash; the passing of current between two cont ...u]]A can be sufficient to cause fibrillation in this case. This is concern in modern hospital settings when the patient is connected to multiple devices.

...personal health record” is not new. The earliest mention of the term was in an article indexed by [[PubMed]] dated June 1978;<ref name=FIRST>{{cite jou ...ed systems; however, current usage usually implies an electronic resource. In recent years, several formal definitions of the term have been proposed by

...health-care records in enterprise-wide systems|local computerized records in a specific health-care organization|Electronic medical record}} ...e-wide information systems. Such records may include a whole range of data in comprehensive or summary form, including [[demographics]], medical history,

...re available from its [http://www.sa8000.org website]. SAI offers training in SA8000 and other workplace standards to managers, workers and auditors. It ...itation.org SAAS Accreditation] that over one million workers are employed in SA8000 Certified Facilities around the world.

|years_active = 2002-2008, 2009-Present ...rdinator to respond to the health effects of the [[September 11 attacks]]. In this role Howard advocated for rescue workers, introducing a program to pro

{{refimprove|date=July 2008}} ...n Ohio"]</ref>, and the preservation of public health, safety and welfare. In addition, they collect, reproduce, and maintain a national inventory of min

...saka|Kadoma]], [[Osaka Prefecture|Osaka]], [[Japan]]. Its main business is in [[electronics]] manufacturing and it produces products under a variety of n ...ation services. Panasonic was ranked the 89th-largest company in the world in 2009 by the Forbes Global 2000 and is among the [[Worldwide Top 20 Semicond

...relatively closed location if a liquid and its vapor are allowed to stand in contact with each other long enough with no interference or only gradual in ...tain theories such as [[Raoult's Law]], [[Dalton's Law]], and/or [[Henry's Law]].

...f a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas in the mixture. ...rtial pressures, and not necessarily according to their [[concentration]]s in a gas mixture.

...ro) and, as a result, properties of the mixtures can be expressed directly in terms ...tion]]s or [[partial pressure]]s of the substances present e.g. [[Raoult's law]]. Deviations from ideality are accommodated by modifying the concentration

...eak acid]], donates a proton (hydrogen ion, highlighted in green) to water in an equilibrium reaction to give the [[acetate]] ion and the [[hydronium]] i ...for a chemical reaction known as [[Dissociation (chemistry)|dissociation]] in the context of [[acid-base reactions]]. The equilibrium can be written symb

...ent]]s. They can be used to calculate single-ion [[activity coefficient]]s in solutions which for which the [[Debye–Hückel equation]] is inadequate. T ...eal gas]]. The remaining terms quantify the departure from the [[ideal gas law]] with changing pressure, ''P''. It can be shown by [[statistical mechanics

'''Equilibrium chemistry''' is a concerned with systems in [[chemical equilibrium]]. The unifying principle is that the [[thermodynami ...hange, but the rate of change is negligibly slow, the system is said to be in a [[metastable]] state. The equation of chemical equilibrium can be express

...ed in it, which binds away many of these rare hydrogen ions. Hydrogen ions in water can be written simply as H⁺ or as [[hydronium]] (H<sub>3</ ...tle=13C and 170 NMR Binding Constant Studies of Uranyl Carbonate Complexes in Near-Neutral Aqueous Solution Yucca Mountain Project Milestone Report 3351}

...] ||nephrology ||[[pyelonephritis]] || ||quantitative cells and casts in 24hr. urine ...ology, neurosurgery, ENT ||vestibular lesions || ||describes nystagmus in vestibular lesions

...e hypersensitivity to a stimulus, usually sensory (e.g., [[photophobia]]). In common usage they also form words that describe dislike or hatred of a part ...m The A- Z of Fear], an October 30, 1998 ''[[BBC News]]'' unsigned article in the "Entertainment" section</ref>

{{Expand list|date=August 2008}} ...e credited as their founders. A few institutions were named by the founder in honor of a parent, child, spouse, or other close family member.

...There are also laws ascribed to individuals by others, such as [[Murphy's law]]; or given [[eponym]]ous names despite the absence of the named person. ...ottish Vowel Length Rule|Aitken's Law]] — describes how [[vowel length]] in [[Scots language|Scots]] and [[Scottish English]] is conditioned by environ

...ases are unique to dogs or closely related species, while others are found in other animals, including humans. Not all of the articles listed here contai ...law. Please see the article [[dog health]] for information on this disease in dogs.<ref>{{cite web | title = Rabies: Introduction | work = The Merck Vete

...r be part of an organic molecule ([[organophosphate]]). Bringing phosphate in any form into the cell and when needed transporting phosphate out of the ce ...[[Cell signaling|signaling]]. Outside the cell, phosphate may be dissolved in [[extracellular fluid]] (ECF) or form structures such as [[bone]] and [[tee

{{Unreferenced|date=November 2008}} It is found in a variety of [[Over-the-counter drug|over-the-counter]] (OTC) medications a

| bioavailability = Rapid, in part by saturable carrier-mediated L-amino acid transport system<br />60% f | title = The mechanism of action of gabapentin in neuropathic pain

...dis]]''. Other species in the ''[[Mitragyna]]'' genus are used medicinally in Africa, and also used for their wood. ...|month=April |pmid=20371282 |doi=10.1016/j.jep.2010.03.035 |url=}}</ref> In Southeast Asia the fresh leaves are commonly chewed, often continuously, by

|accessdate=2008-08-08 ...ture]]), or '''dronabinol''', is the main [[psychoactive substance]] found in the [[cannabis]] plant.

...in the USA and Canada. Several US states have made it illegal under state law. .... A survey of readers of ''[[Mixmag]]'' in the UK in 2009, found that one in eight respondents had used synthetic cannabis, compared to 85% who had used

'''Charas''' is the name given to hand-made [[hashish]] in [[Afghanistan]], [[Pakistan]], [[Nepal]] and [[India]]. It is made from the ...sub-division of [[Hinduism]] holding Lord [[Shiva]] to be the supreme god (in contrast to Vaishnavs who worship Lord [[Vishnu]]) and it is venerated as b

...is use in a drug and alcohol clinic population", McBride A. J. 1994 </ref> In order to facilitate this process, a "[[spottle]]" (also referred to as a "b ==Use in different countries==

:''This article is about cannabis used in a [[religious]] or [[spirituality|spiritual]] context.'' ...last=Cook|first=John Granger|title=The Interpretation of the Old Testament in Greco-Roman Paganism|year=2004|publisher=Mohr Siebeck Publishers|page=78|IS

{{About|the plant genus|use as a psychoactive drug in the genus|Cannabis (drug)}} ...amsterdam.JPG|thumb|220px|[[Hash Marijuana & Hemp Museum|Cannabis Museum]] in [[Amsterdam]].]]

...the hemp plant Cannabis sativa...is the most commonly abused illicit drug in the United States"[http://www.drugabuse.gov/Infofacts/marijuana.html] --> ...= http://www.idmu.co.uk/can.htm | title = Types of ''Cannabis'' Available in the United Kingdom (UK) | author = Matthew J. Atha (Independent Drug Monito

...2&nbsp;mg) and to control moderate pain in non-opioid tolerant individuals in lower dosages (~200&nbsp;µg). ...national control]</ref> In recent years, buprenorphine has been introduced in most [[Europe]]an countries as a [[transdermal patch|transdermal formulatio

...of Fentanyl |publisher=Aspi.wisc.edu |date= |accessdate=2010-07-28}}</ref> In addition, it is a synthetic strong agonist at the [[mu opioid receptor|μ-o ...sp;milligrams per kilogram in monkeys, and an undetermined LD₅₀ in humans.

...action and very low cost. Methadone was introduced into the United States in 1947 by [[Eli Lilly and Company]]. Methadone is useful in the treatment of opioid dependence. It has [[cross-tolerance]] with other o

...istry|chemical]] structure, PCP is an arylcyclohexylamine derivative, and, in [[pharmacology]], it is a member of the family of [[dissociative anestheti ...rgistically to inhibit excitatory activity.{{Citation needed|date=November 2008}}

...[[Sierra Madre de Oaxaca|Sierra Mazateca]] of [[Oaxaca]], Mexico, growing in shady and moist locations.<ref name=Reisfield1993intro/><ref name="Valdes19 ...ncern in this respect. The isolated and controversial suicide of [[Brett's law|Brett Chidester]] received much media attention.

...e legal usage of the word does provide a convenient shorthand term, useful in contexts where the legal status of a drug is considered more pertinent than ...p://drug-rehab-referral.org/drug_rehab_narcotics.html</ref> Though in U.S. law, due to its numbing properties, cocaine is also considered a narcotic.

...ne]]. [[Rofecoxib]] (commonly known as [[Vioxx]]) was taken off the market in 2004 because of these concerns. ...mons any royalties and profits from his discovery. A lawsuit is currently in progress by Simmons against the drug developers. [http://www.the-scientist.

| metabolism = 95%, mainly [[Hepatic]], also in blood and tissues ...title -->].</ref> to treat [[cataplexy]] and excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with [[narcolepsy]]. The same company is also investigating the dr

...ember to the first weekend in October. It is one of the most famous events in Germany and the world's largest fair, with some six million people attendin ...ays when the 1st Sunday is October 2nd and 18 days when it is October 1st. In 2010, the festival lasts exceptionally until the first October Monday, to m

...ce]] [[DINA]] of the government of [[Augusto Pinochet]] was one among many in [[Operation Condor]]. [[Image:Letelier1975.jpg|thumb|right|Letelier in 1975.]]

...a [[Brink's]] [[armored car (valuables)|armored car]] at the Nanuet Mall, in [[Nanuet, New York]], killing two police officers, [[Edward O'Grady II|Edwa ...arm from his body. The criminals then took $1.6 million in cash, got back in their van, and fled the scene.

...tercepted at a processing facility; another was discovered with no address in South Carolina. A February 2004 ricin incident at the [[Dirksen Senate Offi ...has been established. A $100,000 reward was offered in 2004 by the federal law enforcement agencies investigating the case, but to date the reward remains

...Park bombing''' was a [[terrorism|terrorist]] [[bomb]]ing on July 27, 1996 in [[Atlanta]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], United States during the [[1 ...ed|date=June 2010}} It was the largest pipe bomb in U.S. history, weighing in excess of 40 pounds. It used a [[steel]] plate as a directional device.<ref

...er]]s and [[robbery]] in [[Louisiana]] and [[Alabama]], which had resulted in three deaths.<ref name="Malvo reportedly details 4 new shootings">[http://w In September 2003, Muhammad was [[Capital punishment in the United States|sentenced to death]]. One month later, Malvo was sentence

...-post-bombing.jpg|thumb|350px|Rubble of the ''Los Angeles Times'' building in 1910]] ...onvicted, and sentenced to life in prison. J.J. was sentenced to 15 years in prison for bombing a local iron manufacturing plant, and returned to the Ir

...re two blacks and two whites were killed in [[Rosewood, Florida|Rosewood]] in January 1923]] ...]]s in the years before the massacre, including a well-publicized incident in December 1922.

{{About|the first terrorist attack on the World Trade Center in 1993|the 2001 attack and destruction of the World Trade Center|September 11 ...Terrorists in America: Five Years After the World Trade Center |accessdate=2008-01-08 |last=Childers |first=J. Gilmore |coauthors=Henry J. DePippo |date=19

Gina Marie Gonzalez, 31, Junior's wife, was in the home during the attack. [[Pima County, Arizona|Pima County]] Sheriff Cl ...em?"<br /><br />''Gonzalez:'' "They're coming back in! They're coming back in!" ''(Gunfire.)''<ref>http://www.komonews.com/news/48296962.html</ref></bloc

...ed support for people working for civil rights. It marked a turning point in the U.S. [[African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968)|1960s Civil R ...rn Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)]] to integrate public facilities in the country.

...an Patriot movement]], based in [[Adrian, Michigan|Adrian]], [[Michigan]], in the [[United States]].<ref name=ReportBBC>"[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/worl The group was formed in early 2008. The name "Hutaree" appears to be a [[neologism]]; the group's web site say

.... Their deaths constitute the deadliest act of [[mass murder]] in a school in U.S. history. The perpetrator was [[school board]] member [[Andrew Kehoe]], .... In the early 1920s, the area was primarily [[agriculture|agricultural]]. In 1922, Bath voters voted to form a district for the purpose of funding and c

| caption = Four of the restaurants in The Dalles affected by the attack ...ent was the first, and single largest [[bioterrorism|bioterrorist]] attack in United States history.<ref name="healthexperts" /><ref name="lewis">{{cite

| caption = [[George Tiller]] gives a mock [[consultation]] in 1997 in the setting of his clinic, Women’s Health Care – [[Wichita, Kansas]], w ...s |url=http://airamerica.com/news/11-13-2009/fbi-got-warning-about-suspect-in-kan-doctor-death/ |work=[[Associated Press]] |date=2009-11-13 |title=Scott

...ennedy with his wife, Jacqueline, and [[Texas Governor]] [[John Connally]] in the [[Presidential state car (United States)|presidential limousine]], minu |caption6= The assassination site in 2008. White arrows indicate the sixth floor window and the mark on the road wher

...sive [[organization]] against invaders grew out of the Anglo-Saxon "fyrd". In times of crisis, the [[militiaman]] left his [[civilian]] duties and became ...nce or pacifistic methods. A ''militant'' can, but not necessarily, engage in [[violence]] as part of a claimed struggle against oppression. ''Militant''

...itaries]], [[police department]]s and [[corporation]]s adopt to prevent or in response to terrorist threats and/or acts, both real and imputed. ...ticular context. Individuals, such as [[Timothy McVeigh]], may also engage in terrorist acts such as the [[Oklahoma City bombing]].

...[[Evangelism|evangelist]]s working among poor and poorly educated Muslims in British India.<ref name=USIoPeace> ...tates Department of Defense|Department of Defense]]'', pages 103-105</ref> In recent years, allegations and concerns have risen about whether, or how muc

[[File:Vcfightersboat.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Viet Cong]] insurgents in the mid-1960s]] ...rd English Dictionary]] second edition 1989 "insurgent B. n. One who rises in revolt against constituted authority; a rebel who is not recognized as a be

...lly charged.<ref name="Hoffman-1998-p32">Hoffman (1998), p. 32, See review in The [[New York Times]][http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/h/hoffman-terrori ...ng, legally binding, criminal law definition terrorism.<ref>Diaz-Paniagua (2008), p. 47.</ref>

...pponents.”<ref name="Hoffman-1998-p32">Hoffman (1998), p. 32, See review in The [[New York Times]][http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/h/hoffman-terrori ...se of "systematic use of terror as a policy" was first recorded in English in 1798.<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/terrorism]</ref>

...nal Law-the Response to the Terrorist Attacks of 11 September], Australian Law and Bills Digest Group, Parliament of Australia Web Site, 12 February 2002. .../DC_250-1846.pdf |format = PDF 1933 [[KB]] |issn = 0162-2889 |accessdate = 2008-11-04 }}</ref> Individual terrorists tend to be motivated more by a desire

...name="B. Raman">{{cite web | author = B. Raman | title = PLANE HIJACKING: IN PERSPECTIVE | publisher = [[South Asia Analysis Group]] | date = 2000-01-02 ...f Rickards was informed that the revolution was successful and he could go in return for giving one group member a lift to [[Lima]].

...illa warfare''' is a form of [[irregular warfare]] and refers to conflicts in which a small group of [[combatant]]s including, but not limited to, armed The term means "little war" in [[Spanish language|Spanish]], and the word, ''guerrilla'', has been used to

...ainst women ostensibly supported by Islam's tenets, references to violence in the [[Qur'an]], and acts of terrorisms motivated and/or justified by Islam. ...n-copenhagen-protest-reprinting-of-danish-cartoons.html Bloomberg: Muslims in Copenhagen Protest Reprinting of Danish Cartoons<!-- Bot generated title --

{{unreferenced|date=August 2008}} ...rful underboss of the [[Kansas City crime family]]. He was also brother-in-law to Kansas City crime boss [[Anthony Civella]].

...bruary 2004 (reprinted at historynet.com) |author=William Bell |accessdate=2008-07-15}}</ref> Most of the stolen money was never recovered. ...broken with the [[lynching]]s of ten of its members by [[vigilante]] mobs in 1868. The murders created an international diplomatic incident with [[Canad

...e.htm</ref> Such crime is commonly referred to as the work of the ''Mob'' in the U.S. ...lian Mafia]] based in [[Sicily]], known to its members as [[Cosa Nostra]]. In the [[United States]], "the Mafia" generally refers to the [[American Mafia

...ker Protest Run 6.jpg|thumb|220px|Various outlaw motorcycle clubs gathered in Australia to protest new laws against them.]] ...) is a type of [[motorcycle club]] that is part of a subculture with roots in the post-[[WWII]] USA, centered on [[Types of motorcycles#Cruiser|cruiser]]

...ternational Herald Tribune]] |date=2008-07-29 |url=http://iht.com/articles/2008/07/29/europe/moscow.php}}</ref> ...ure with its own slang, culture and laws became known as ''Vorovskoy Mir'' in Russian (i.e. воровской мир) or "Thieves World" (World of Thiev

...n Afghanistan]], the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)]] and the [[War in North-West Pakistan|Waziristan War]] .../www.pajhwok.com/viewstory.asp?lng=eng&id=36208 Taliban have opened office in Waziristan (Pakistan)].</ref>

|logo = Flag of al-Qaeda in Iraq.svg ...aeda's global network, as we know it today, was created while it was based in Khartoum, from December 1991 till May 1996. To coordinate its overt and cov

...have had members accused) of such activity but are not inherently criminal in their nature (such as [[Outlaw motorcycle club|motorcycle clubs]] or Chines ...local corruption and lack of law enforcement to establish cartels turning in millions if not billions of dollars each year. Sometimes if government enfo

{{POV-check|date=August 2008}} {{COI|date=August 2008}}

{{For|information on handling copyright concerns in Wikipedia|Wikipedia:Copyright violations}} ...s]] from 1906, when copyright registration formalities were still required in the US.]]

{{Cleanup|date=August 2008}} ...igation of the [[2001 anthrax attacks]]. [[FBI]] searches of his apartment in July and August 2002 were well-attended by [[journalists]], many of whom ha

...r labels to falsely suggest the use of [[anthrax]] are frequently reported in the United States and globally. [[Hoax]]es have increased following the [[2 ...&item=5|title=The Harris Hoax|work=ADL|accessdate=10 December 2009}}</ref> In response to these hoaxes, the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|

...intended to be the principal U.S. biodefense research institution engaged in laboratory-based threat assessment and bioforensics. NBACC will be an impo ...t seeks to quantitatively answer questions pertaining to what might happen in a biological attack.

| death_date = {{Death date and age|mf=yes|2008|7|29|1946|4|22}} ...vid |last=Willman |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=2008-08-01 |accessdate=2008-08-01 }}</ref>

...nvestigation became "one of the largest and most complex in the history of law enforcement."<ref>http://www.fbi.gov/anthrax/amerithraxlinks.htm</ref> ....com/bal-te.anthrax03aug03,0,3970920.story|publisher=''[[LA Times]]''|date=2008-08-03|accessdate=2009-04-05}}</ref>

...umb|250px|[[NBC Nightly News|NBC's]] [[Tom Brokaw]] was one of the targets in the first mailing.]] ...be the "murder weapon." The timeline also shows that the Ames strain used in the attacks was originally thought to be a common strain from Iowa, and it

|war =the [[Insurgency in the Philippines]] ...ead, September 4, 2006</ref><br/>[[Abdurajik Abubakar Janjalani]] [[Killed in action|KIA]] <ref>Reported dead, December 8, 1998</ref>

...Theater Internment Facility]] and the [[Guantanamo Bay detainment camp]], in [[Cuba]], by the [[Federal government of the United States|U.S. government] ...ters, buying a rifle and a handgun, that he "thought about" taking up arms in Chechnya, and being an acquaintance of people linked to terrorism (most not

...image removed: [[Image:SaltPitAfghanistan.jpg|thumb|225px|The [[Salt Pit]] in [[Afghanistan]].]] --> ...facilities that are controlled by the CIA used by the [[U.S. government]] in its [[War on Terror]] to detain alleged [[unlawful enemy combatant]]s.<ref

...ssay-like =November 2008|wikify =December 2008|original research =December 2008}} ...hreats. It also discusses the government policies and procedures currently in place at land border crossings, ports, and airports to combat the terrorist

{{wikisource|Detention, Treatment, and Trial of Certain Non-Citizens in the War Against Terrorism}} ...ei=5088&partner=rssnyt Guantánamo Prisoners Getting Their Day, but Hardly in Court], ''[[New York Times]]'', November 11, 2004 - [http://cageprisoners.c

...ned to Combined Task Force One Five Zero (CTF-150) assemble in a formation in the [[Gulf of Oman]], 6 May 2004]] ...|Arabia Sea]] to support [[Operation Iraqi Freedom]] (OIF), and operations in the [[Indian Ocean]]) to support [[Operation Enduring Freedom - Horn of Afr

...onitors all outside communication (telephone, mail, visitation) of inmates in the unit. ...to send letters to other terrorists overseas. "By concentrating resources in this fashion, it will greatly enhance the agency's capabilities for languag

...ens.<ref>[http://cfrterrorism.org/groups/american.html Militant Extremists in the United States - Council on Foreign Relations<!-- Bot generated title -- The statutory definition of domestic terrorism in the United States has changed many times over the years; also, it can be ar

|conflict=Drone attacks in Pakistan |partof= the [[War on Terrorism]], [[War in North-West Pakistan]], [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)]]

...in/query/z?c109:H.R.1076.IH: Detention of Enemy Combatants Act (Introduced in House) 109th CONGRESS 1st Session H. R. 1076] March 3, 2005 ...be replaced by the more general term "Party to the conflict" (as described in the 1949 [[Third Geneva Convention|Geneva Conventions]] [[S:Third Geneva Co

.../> "'''Torture by proxy'''" is used by some critics to describe situations in which the United States has transferred suspected terrorists to countries k ...tp://washingtonindependent.com/46882/obama-administration-seeks-re-hearing-in-extraordinary-rendition-case

{{Refimprove|date=June 2008}} ...Fugitives]] list. It now serves as a companion to that earlier list, which in years past, had listed several major terrorist fugitives.

...ried out the act, thereby placing the victim outside the protection of the law. ...en. Typically, a murder will be surreptitious, with the corpse disposed of in such a way as to prevent it ever being found, so that the person apparently

...by the [[Military Commissions Act of 2006]] for prosecuting detainees held in the [[United States]] [[Guantanamo Bay detainment camp]]s. ..., or to have been, members of the al Qaeda organization or to have engaged in, aided or abetted, or conspired to commit acts of international terrorism t

...[[ International Security Assistance Force|United States forces]] in [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|Afghanistan]]. <ref name="NYTimes2008-06-17"> | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/17/world/asia/17warlord.html

...process of becoming a German citizen when he was arrested in [[Pakistan]] in late 2001. His [[Internment Serial Number]] was 53.<ref name=DoDList2> After being imprisoned for five years he was released and arrived in Germany August 24, 2006.<ref name=aug24th2006>[http://www.washingtonpost.co

| public law url= http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_pub | cite public law= 109-366

...e]] without parole at the [[ADX Florence|Federal ADX]] [[Supermax prison]] in [[Florence, Colorado|Florence]], Colorado. ...sa (document)|visas]]. However, prosecutors in Moussaoui's drawn-out trial in the US had difficulty directly connecting him to the 19 participants.

...S. citizens from the four largest [[telephone company|telephone carriers]] in the United States: [[AT&T]], [[SBC Communications|SBC]], [[BellSouth]] (all ...rmation (caller, receiver, date/time of call, length of call, etc) for use in [[traffic analysis]] and [[social network analysis]], but do not include au

...h resulted in the interception of communications that were purely domestic in nature.<ref name=nytimes051221>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/ ...atute; this is punishable with a fine of up to $10,000 or up to five years in prison, or both.<ref>{{cite web

|image=[[File:US Marines in Operation Enduring Freedom.jpg|300px]] '''In Afghanistan:'''

...le installers and telephone repair workers, would be reporting on what was in people's homes if it were deemed "suspicious." ...Goldstein later observed that he broke news of Operation TIPS on March 10 in Spain's second largest daily, ''El Mundo'',<ref>http://www.elmundo.es/papel

| conviction_penalty = Sentenced to 17 years and four months in prison. | conviction_status = Incarcerated, [[ADX Supermax Prison]] in Florence, Colorado

...although he was later pardoned by Panamanian President [[Mireya Moscoso]] in the final days of her term.<ref>''[[The Guardian]]'', 25 October 2006, [htt ...ril 8, 2009, the [[United States Attorney]] filed a superseding indictment in the case. Mr. Posada-Carriles' jury trial had been set for February 26, 201

...|Attorney General]] publicly acknowledged the existence of such activities in 2007.<ref name=IG/> The other activities have reportedly included [[data mi and telephone [[call detail record]]s in the [[NSA call database]].<ref name="USA"> {{cite news

...y]] and [[John Yoo]] from the [[George W. Bush administration]] maintained in their discussion of the [[Bush Doctrine]] that these standards are unrealis ...im it has been used throughout American history and is especially relevant in the present as it relates to unconventional war tactics and [[weapons of ma

...international terrorist attacks or helped bring to justice those involved in prior acts.<ref>[http://www.rewardsforjustice.net/index.cfm?page=Rewards_pr ...y the 1984 Act to Combat International Terrorism ([[Act of Congress|Public Law]] 98-533). The program is administered by the State Department's [[Bureau o

...o strengthen the [[United States]]' stance throughout the [[Middle East]]. In [[military]] terms, "reset" refers to "a series of actions to restore units ...ultiple [[civil war in Iraq|internal]] and [[Iraq war|external]] conflicts in [[Iraq]]. The plan for strategic reset entails four key measures:

...ch uses local eyes 181 trained in Colo. | accessdate = 2009-07-11 | date = 2008-06-29 | publisher = ''[[The Denver Post]]''}}</ref> 2. [http://www.denverpost.com/ci_13406730?source=pkg Dozens trained in Colorado to spot possible terrorism dangers] Denver Post- 2009-09-24

...b non-citizens who, under the pretext of immigration violations, were held in detention for several months.<ref name=NYTimes1> | title=11 Jail Guards Are Indicted in 2 Beatings in Brooklyn

...tes Constitution]], which vests "the executive power" of the United States in the President. In several [[U.S. state|states]], in contrast to the federal government, executive officers such as [[Lieutenant

...rc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/terrorism-ihl-210705 The relevance of IHL in the context of terrorism]'', 21 July 2005</ref> ...[Fourth Geneva Convention]] so that he must be "treated with humanity and, in case of trial, shall not be deprived of the rights of fair and regular tria

...hen, other operations have commenced, the largest being the [[Iraq War|War in Iraq]], beginning with a [[2003 invasion of Iraq|2003 invasion]]. Originall ...ghan and American soldier standby to engage an enemy, a car bomb detonates in Baghdad, Iraq.

.../16166/16166-h/16166-h.htm#2HCH0023|last= Rawlinson| first= George}}</ref> In more modern times, caltrops are used against wheeled vehicles with pneumati The late [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] writer [[Vegetius]], referring in his work ''[[De Re Militari]]'' to [[scythed chariot]]s, wrote:

...average age of introduction of other foods (such as cow's milk), resulting in increased use of both breastfeeding and infant formula between the ages of | title = Infant Feeding in the 20th Century: Formula and Beikost

{{Refimprove|date=January 2008}} ...ed that as it was traditionally served with a dollop of ice cream floating in it making ice cream soda.

...p of milk-based [[food]] products. Cheese is produced throughout the world in wide-ranging flavors, textures, and forms. ...g costs. The long storage life of some cheese, especially if it is encased in a protective rind, allows selling when markets are favorable.

| caption = Ice-cream or [[Gelato]] in [[Rome]], [[Italy]], August 2005 ...icial [[seasoning|flavourings]] and colourings are used in addition to (or in replacement of) the natural ingredients. This mixture is stirred slowly whi

[[Image:Margarine.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Margarine in a tub]] ...f butter. Margarine is an ingredient in the preparation of many foods and, in recipes and colloquially, is sometimes called '''oleo''', short for '''oleo

{{orphan|date=September 2008}} ...-circuit time constant method''' is an approximate analysis technique used in electronic circuit design to determine the corner frequency of [[complex ci

...is roughly linearly proportional to the increase in complexity. Complexity in this context means processor logic, i.e its area. Pollack's Rule gained increasing relevance in 2008 due to the broad adoption of [[multi-core]] computing and concern expressed

...'s iconic "The Round" model [[Honeywell T87|T87]] thermostat. There is one in the [[Smithsonian Institution|Smithsonian]].]] ...w Jones Industrial Average]] Index from December 7, 1925 until February 9, 2008.

...or linear filters in general see [[Linear filter]]. For electronic filters in general see [[Electronic filter]].'' ...sations onto a single channel; the selection of a chosen [[radio station]] in a [[radio receiver]] and rejection of others.

[[Image:Transistor Count and Moore's Law - 2011.svg|thumb|350px|Plot of CPU [[transistor count]]s against dates of i [[File:Osborne Executive with iPhone in 2009.jpg|thumb|An [[Osborne Executive]] portable computer, from 1982, and a

[[File:Haitz law.svg|thumb|Illustration of Haitz's law. Light output per LED as a function of time, note the logarithmic scale on '''Haitz's law''' is an observation and forecast about the steady improvement, over many y

...ting application such as [[Missed call]]. Probes are also extensively used in [[Operational support systems]] (OSS). | accessdate = 2008-07-28

...different frequencies or power levels. Historically the means of operation in most power sensor and meter combinations was that the sensor would convert ...requency-selective. To measure the power of a specific frequency component in the presence of other signals at different frequencies a [[spectrum analyze

|image=[[File:Snipers Bastille Day 2008 n2.jpg|300px]] ...ake down [[sniper rifle]]s. The straight-pull action design was introduced in the [[Blaser R93]] hunting rifle line. These actions allows for faster foll