Search results

...r the early treatment of moderately severe malaria in children: randomised clinical trial | journal=Brit Med J | volume=332 | issue=7549 | pages=1055&ndash;57 ...nent.<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1038/clpt.1994.32 | author=Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden | title=The concentratio

...ificant therapeutic value as an anti-malarial drug. It was introduced into clinical practice in 1947 for the prophylactic treatment of malaria.<ref>http://www. * Chloroquine is in clinical trials as an investigational [[antiretroviral]] in humans with [[AIDS|HIV-1

==Clinical use== ...pmid = 17371789 | issue = 7}}</ref> suggest that the prior pharmacokinetic studies of N-acetylcysteine did not include [[Acetylation]] as a reason for the low

<!--Clinical data--> ...].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Roberts|first1=James R.|title=Roberts and Hedges' clinical procedures in emergency medicine|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Scienc

...he end of its patent life, and partially due to mixed results from various studies. Following almost 200 studies of 11 anti-seizure drugs, the FDA has also warned of an increased suicide r

==Clinical use== ...[[fluorouracil]] to treat [[colon cancer]]. There is no good evidence from clinical trials that its addition to fluorouracil therapy benefits patients with col

...antel has a particularly dramatic effect on patients with schistosomiasis. Studies of those treated have shown that within six months of receiving a dose of p ...l.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Quinn DI, Day RO |title=Drug interactions of clinical importance. An updated guide |journal=Drug Saf |volume=12 |issue=6 |pages=3

...and a matching clindamycin gel with respect to microbiologic activity and clinical efficacy in the topical treatment of acne vulgaris |journal=Clin Ther |volu

<ref>[http://www.jbc.org/content/238/7/2498.full.pdf Studies on the Mechanism of Action of Chloramphenicol ] July 1963. The Journal of B ...as a single intramuscular injection. The dose is repeated if there is no clinical response after 48 hours. A single injection costs approximately [[United S

...her JL, Hull DS, Davis LS |title=Ocular rosacea. Signs, symptoms, and tear studies before and after treatment with doxycycline |journal=Arch Dermatol |volume= ...ff A, Massung RF, Christensson B |title=Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis--a clinical case in Scandinavia |journal=Scand. J. Infect. Dis. |volume=33 |issue=1 |pa

...irth defects. Those studies are nowadays considered flawed and more recent studies "do not support a significant increased risk for birth defects or other adv ...ment.<ref name="AMH2006" /> However, the mechanism of this reaction in the clinical setting has recently been questioned by some authors,<ref name="Williams200

...re mutually antagonistic ''in vitro''. It is not known whether this is of clinical significance, but the combination should be avoided. ...or=Richards WA, ''et al.'' | title=Nitrofurantoin: Clinical and laboratory studies in urinary tract infections | journal=Arch Intern Med | year=1955 | volume=

...ite journal|author=Kremers P, Duvivier J, Heusghem C|title=Pharmacokinetic studies of co-trimoxazole in man after single and repeated doses|journal=J Clin Pha ==Clinical indications==

==Clinical use== |title=Serum vancomycin concentrations: reappraisal of their clinical value

...olerate the effects of [[Dapsone]] for Tuberculosis.<ref name="ReferenceA">Clinical Microbiology Made Ridiculously Simple</ref> ...researcher named Chang identified its effectiveness against leprosy. After clinical trials in Nigeria and elsewhere during the 1960s, some sponsored by the Swi

...Organisation|WHO]] recommend its use in pregnancy; and there is extensive clinical experience to show that it is safe. In the U.S., pyrazinamide is not used | title = Clinical and molecular analysis of patients with renal hypouricemia in Japan-influen

...|title=Antileishmanial activity, pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution studies of mannose-grafted amphotericin B lipid nanospheres |journal=J Drug Target ...d Richard T. liposomal formulation, structure, mechanism of action and pre-clinical experience. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2002) 49, 21-30</ref> Th

...Guchelaar HJ, Dankert J |title=Flucytosine: a review of its pharmacology, clinical indications, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and drug interactions |journal=J. A ...rains of ''[[Candida (genus)|Candida]]'' and ''[[Cryptococcus]]''. Limited studies demonstrate that flucytosine may be of value against infections with ''[[Sp

...e analyses of plasma HIV RNA levels and CD4 cell counts in two Phase III [[clinical trial]]s of Emtriva of 48 weeks duration. ...er being evaluated as a potential treatment for chronic hepatitis B. These studies are ongoing.

...s. There are no study results demonstrating the effect of tenofovir on the clinical progression of HIV. | title = Additional Studies Needed to Assess Effectiveness of Tenofovir for Prevention

...|author= Patel SS, Benfield P |title=New drug profile: nevirapine |journal=Clinical Immunotherapeutics |volume=6|issue=4|pages=307–317 |year=1996 |month=Oct ==Clinical efficacy==

...Kaletra formulation has also been used successfully as monotherapy in some studies.<ref>[http://www.aidsmap.com/en/news/4140714E-EFE1-45FD-9E77-E230D787542E.a ...observed with lopinavir/ritonavir are [[diarrhea]] and [[nausea]]. In key clinical trials, moderate or severe diarrhea occurred in up to 27% of patients, and

...c Reticulum Stress, Autophagy, and Apoptosis In vitro and In vivo|journal= Clinical Cancer Research |volume=13|pages=5183–5194|year=2007|doi=10.1158/1078-043 ...]] or [[radiation therapy]]. It might take several years for most of these studies to be completed and their results published.

...children. However, its efficacy has been called into question by multiple studies, and most institutions no longer use it.{{Fact|date=December 2008}} It is s ...") has been sold for use against [[influenza]].{{Fact|date=December 2008}} Studies have been mixed,<ref name="pmid3293527">{{cite journal |author=Bernstein DI

...rrison">{{Cite journal|author=Harrison NL, Simmonds MA |title=Quantitative studies on some antagonists of N-methyl D-aspartate in slices of rat cerebral corte ...=Jansen|first=Karl|publisher=Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies|isbn=0966001931|year=2001|page=38}}</ref> Ketamine is a keto-amine, so name

...lume=308 |issue=6941 |page=1437 |issn=0959-8138 |pmc=2540361 |journal=BMJ (Clinical research ed.) |first1=PM |first2=AP |first3=MP |author1=Donaldson, Pm |auth ...ial Pathogen and Immunologic Drug Products - Summary of Clinical Review of Studies Submitted in Response to a Pediatric Written Request |url=http://www.fda.go

...tive measure if taken daily or weekly leading up to exposure, though human clinical trials are ongoing [http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2006/0 ==Clinical Studies==

}}</ref> especially due to its low price. Several clinical trials are in progress, trying to find a suitable drug combination. Initial ...hylene blue difficult to test in traditional placebo-controlled [[clinical studies]].<ref>{{Cite web

...], [[chlamydia infection|chlamydia]], [[gonorrhea]] and cervicitis. Recent studies have also indicated it to be effective against late-onset [[asthma]], but t ...ue=10 | pages=1264&ndash;71 | pmid=17051490 | doi=10.1086/508175 | journal=Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases So

...laborating Centre for Chronic Conditions | title=Type 2 diabetes: national clinical guideline for management in primary and secondary care (update) | location= ...in people, and in 1957, French physician Jean Sterne published the first [[clinical trial]] of metformin as a treatment for diabetes. It was introduced to the

'''Valproic acid''' ('''VPA''') is a [[chemical compound]] that has found clinical use as an [[anticonvulsant]] and [[mood stabilizer|mood-stabilizing]] [[med ...s and bipolar disorder.<ref>Henry T.R. (2003). The History of Valproate in Clinical Neuroscience. ''Psychopharmacology bulletin'' 37 (Suppl 2):5-16</ref>

.../generic/fluoxetine_cp.htm | title = Prozac Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics,Studies, Metabolism | year = 2007 | accessdate = 2007-04-14 | publisher = RxList.co ...treatment of major depression: results of a placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial |journal=J Clin Psychopharmacol |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=423–7 |y

...yocardial infarction (the AFTER study): a multicentre unblinded randomised clinical trial|journal = BMJ| volume = 313|issue = 7070|pages = 1429–1431|publishe ...Mortality, 1918%u20131919 Pharmacology, Pathology, and Historic Evidence. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2009; DOI: 10.1086/606060</ref> Aspirin's profitabilit

...are no active clinical trials (as of April 1, 2008). Completed and closed clinical trials are listed here: [http://www.cancer.gov/search/ResultsClinicalTrials ...="pmid678497">{{cite journal |author=Anderson J, Fuglsang H |title=Further studies on the treatment of ocular onchocerciasis with diethylcarbamazine and suram

...y continue oral treatment with phenoxymethylpenicillin once a satisfactory clinical response has been obtained.<ref name="Martindale"/>

...ry-care/ | date=2006-06-30 | publisher=[[National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence]] | accessdate=2009-02-03}}</ref> ...e been contraindicated when a person carries a diagnosis of asthma, recent studies have revealed that at moderate doses selective B blockers such as Atenolol

...51/2/251}}</ref>. This negatively chronotropic effect is important for its clinical use in different arrhythmias (see below). ==Clinical use==

==Clinical use in humans== ...three times are permanently barred from racing (for their own protection). Clinical trials followed, and by decade's end, racing commissions in some states beg

...s as well, simvastatin was the first statin drug to be used extensively in clinical practice. ...; most studies involve simvastatin as the study drug. The most influential studies were the [[Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study]] (4S) and the [[Heart p

...muli]] that become [[Classical conditioning|associated]] with them. Recent studies indicate that [[aggression]] may also stimulate the release of dopamine in ==== Animal studies ====

...i-rejection regime, until [[ciclosporin|cyclosporine]] was introduced into clinical practice (also by Calne) in 1978. ...odroffe R, Yao G, Meads C, Bayliss S, Ready A, Raftery J, Taylor R | title=Clinical and cost-effectiveness of newer immunosuppressive regimens in renal transpl

==Clinical use== Clinical studies show no compelling evidence that salbutamol and other beta 2 agonists can i

==Clinical use== ...s an aid in gastrointestinal [[radiology]] by increasing transit in barium studies, and as an aid in difficult small intestinal intubation. It is also used in

...l levels have been observed in connection with abnormal [[ACTH]] levels, [[clinical depression]], [[stress (psychology)|psychological stress]], and such physio ...e on the transport of water, sodium, and glucose in the jejunum. Perfusion studies in normal subjects and patients with coeliac disease |journal=Scand. J. Gas

...ev |url=http://www.fasebj.org/cgi/content/full/19/12/1592 }}</ref> Further studies are needed to confirm the results before ibuprofen can be recommended for t ...TJ. | title=Acute poisoning due to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Clinical features and management. | journal= Med Toxicol | year=1986 | pages=12–31

...being engineered and produced already in 1794, the way was now paved for [[clinical trial]]s, which began when [[Thomas Beddoes]] in 1798 established the ''"Pn ...Illicit drugs">{{cite web |url=http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/Library/studies/cu/CU43.html|author=Brecher EM|title=Consumers Union Report on Licit and Il

...to mercury thermometers and sphygmomanometers being largely phased out in clinical environments in favor of [[alcohol]]-filled, digital, or [[thermistor]]-bas ...mercury|author = National Research Council (U.S.) - Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology| publisher = National Academies Press|year = 2000|isbn = 978

...cers were caused by retroviruses, but this knowledge was of limited use in clinical settings due to a lack of drugs that were effective against them. The devel ...M198909143211106 | author=Yarchoan R, Mitsuya H, Myers C, Broder S | title=Clinical pharmacology of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (zidovudine) and related di

In clinical medicine, morphine is regarded as the gold standard, or benchmark, of analg ...=http://books.google.com/?id=MtOiLVWBn8cC&pg=PA20|page=20|title=Molecular, clinical and environmental toxicology|author=Andreas Luch|publisher=Springer|year=20

...and New Zealand—explanation and elaboration. A consensus statement from clinical toxicologists consulting to the Australasian poisons information centres |j ...name=pmid17227290/> In 1893, von Mering published a paper reporting on the clinical results of paracetamol with [[phenacetin]], another aniline derivative.<ref

* Severe [[clinical depression|depression]], particularly when accompanied by suicidal tendenci ...m anxiolytic therapy: the issue of drug withdrawal |journal=The Journal of clinical psychiatry. |volume=48 |issue= |pages=12–6 |month=December |year=1987 |pm

...ffeine: assessment of segmental sodium reabsorption in humans. | journal = Clinical Science | volume = 103 | year = 2002 | accessdate = 2010-06-18 | pages = 46 ...cts of EDTA on coronary arteries is currently (2008) proceeding.<ref name="clinical study">http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00044213?order=2</ref> ED

...detoxified according to the [[Samskara (Ayurvedic)|samskaras]] process and studies, cited in the detoxification section below show that it no longer possesses ...nite poisoning.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Lin CC, Chan TY, Deng JF |title=Clinical features and management of herb-induced aconitine poisoning |journal=Ann Em

...ychnos supporting it being a viable cancer treatment. However some Chinese studies have reported that Strychnos can kill cancer cells grown in laboratory dish

| title = Clinical and analytical studies of sheep dosed with various preparations of ''Astragalus lusitanicus'' [[Medical diagnosis|Diagnosis]] of clinical poisoning is generally made by documenting exposure, identifying the neurol

Temazepam is a [[hypnotic]] agent. In sleep laboratory studies, temazepam significantly decreased the number of nightly awakenings<ref nam * Severe [[clinical depression|depression]], particularly when accompanied by suicidal tendenci

...{{cite journal |author=Bhatia ML, Manchanda SC, Roy SB |title=Haemodynamic studies with peruvoside in human congestive heart failure |journal=Br Med J |volume ...{{cite journal |author=Bhatia ML, Manchanda SC, Roy SB |title=Haemodynamic studies with peruvoside in human congestive heart failure |journal=Br Med J |volume

...lthy volunteers following intravenous infusion |journal=British journal of clinical pharmacology |volume=40 |issue=3 |pages=273–6 |year=1995 |month=September Two Phase III studies have been completed for this product, and the Company is seeking regulatory

...relan'''). It was undergoing [[clinical trial#Phase III|Phase&nbsp;III]] [[clinical trial]]s {{as of|2008|lc=on}},<ref>http://www.acorda.com/pipeline_fampridin ..., and the incidence of adverse effects was shown to be less than 5% in all studies.

...olis samples taken from within a single colony can vary, making controlled clinical tests difficult, and the results of any given study cannot be reliably extr Some of these claims are being clinically investigated and several studies are published in the biomedical literature. Since the chemical composition

One example, Gliadel, is a device in clinical use for the treatment of [[brain cancer]]. This product is made of a polya ...and [[allergic]] responses to the material's degradation products. Animal studies are conducted to test the polymer’s effect on each of these negative resp

Biodegradation proceeds differently from chemical degradation. Studies on the degradation by solutions of 40% aqueous methylamine have shown a dif There have been many studies on the effects of molecular weight on biodegradation processes. Most of the

...ore selective action on tumors. NAMI-A and KP1019 are two drugs undergoing clinical evaluation against metastatic tumors and colon cancers. ...u in the copper dual damascene process.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Diffusion Studies of Copper on Ruthenium Thin Film. Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters|y

...does not cause [[diabetes mellitus|diabetes]].<ref>American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. [http://www.aace.com/meetings/consensus/dcc/dc-quiz.php ...ublication of the University of Hawaii Press and the Association for Asian Studies. ISBN 0824825934. Pages 38–40.</ref> Chinese documents confirm at least t

...Hyperactivity", ''WebMD Medical News'', May 24, 2004</ref> Several major studies show academic performance increased and disciplinary problems decreased in

Skin bio-engineering studies have shown that the durational effect of the [[emollient]] (skin smoothing) ...ed by Udo Hoppe, Published by Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg 1999</ref> In a small clinical study conducted on volunteer subjects with terribly dry (xerotic) hands, la

...th detailed exposure assessment, but were not consistently observed across studies. However, the EPA has not classified PPD as a carcinogen. Therefore, no war

...romethalin, but symptoms can be treated with [[corticosteroid]]s. Clinical studies indicate that symptoms return as soon as the corticosteroids are discontinu

...ef>(Malerba and Ragnoli. Ambroxol in the 21st century: pharmacological and clinical update. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2008; 4(8): 1119-1129)</ref>. There ...least 3 hours. Additional anti-inflammatory properties of Ambroxol are of clinical relevance since treatment lead to a marked reduction of redness of the pati

...ing mucus viscosity and by activating the ciliated epithelium. In clinical studies, Bromhexine showed secretolytic and secretomotoric effects in the bronchial

...29| pages=1057–1070 | pmid=17692721 | issue=6 }}</ref> Additionally, two studies published in 2009 examined the effects of phenylephrine on symptoms of [[al

== Clinical uses == ...enoceptor Agonists & Sympathomimetic Drugs" (Chapter). Katzung BG: Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 11e: http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aID=4520412.<

...con, Candy graduated from Stanford and received a PhD. She has worked as a clinical psychologist since, so, like her father, she is often referred to in the pr ...ho was a Stanford undergraduate at this time. She used the Optacon in her studies. Once when her Optacon needed a repair, Bliss went to her dorm room to pic

Image = Clinical thermometer 38.7.JPG | ...nfections.<ref>{{cite book |title=Rosen's emergency medicine: concepts and clinical practice |last=Marx |first=John |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2006 |publis

...zo L |title=Carbon monoxide cardiotoxicity |journal=Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=35–44 |year=2001 |pmid=11327225 |do ...Mehta N|title=Twenty-nine years after carbon monoxide intoxication|journal=Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery|year=2001|pages=92–95|volume=103|issue=2|pmid=

...N |title=The global smoking epidemic: a history and status report |journal=Clinical lung cancer |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=371–6 |year=2004 |month=May |doi=10 ...this example the preceding consideration of [[Haplogroups]] are excluded). Studies have shown that immigrants develop the risk of their new country, often wit

...broad array of conditions, including [[psychological disorders]] (e.g., [[Clinical depression|depression]], [[anxiety]], [[post-traumatic stress disorder]]) ...ort. St. Paul, MN: St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance Company.</ref> Many studies suggest that psychologically demanding jobs that allow employees little con

...s of contamination. It would require performing exhaustive epidemiological studies which would be too expensive for a highly competitive industry. * Studies reveals that as much as 38 percent of pregnant women working in the chip in

...ess.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre1995080400.] Michael Feuerstein, professor of clinical psychology at the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences at B ...possible. From their website: "The Quality of Life Research Center (QLRC) studies "[[positive psychology]]"; that is, human strengths such as [[optimism]], [

...of exposed workers eventually showing seroconversion and 22 to 31% showing clinical Hepatitis B infection.<ref name = cdc1>Centers for Disease Control and Prev ...C.<ref name=muelder/> Lab tests of the recipient are obtained for baseline studies: HIV, acute hepatitis panel (HAV IgM, HBsAg, HB core IgM, HCV) and for immu

...ature. Industry exploited this "discrepancy" and tried to discredit animal studies which showed benzene caused cancer, saying that they weren't relevant to hu Animal studies have shown low birth weights, delayed bone formation, and bone marrow damag

...layed-onset toxicity to nerve cells, which is often irreversible. Several studies have shown persistent deficits in cognitive function in workers chronically ...l tube]] inserted beforehand for airway protection.<ref name=EPA_manual/> Studies of poison recovery at 60 minutes have shown recovery of 8%-32%.<ref name=Te

...http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HEC/CSEM/arsenic/docs/arsenic.pdf | title = Case Studies in Environmental Medicine (CSEM) Arsenic Toxicity Exposure Pathways. | publ ...id gland producing a lot of noise.<ref>{{cite journal|journal = Journal of Clinical Cancer|year = 2008|volume = 14|pages =1377–1385|doi = 10.1158/1078-0432.C

...ume = 40|issue = 4|year = 2005|pages = 189–-195|title = Chromium: Recent Studies Regarding Nutritional Roles and Safety|first2 = Richard A.|last = Heimbach| ...urnal |title = Chromium |first = Donald G. |last = Barceloux |journal = Clinical Toxicology |volume = 37 |issue = 2 |pages = 173–194 |year = 1999 |doi =

...taff. “How Does Behavioral Safety work?” Cambridge Center for Behavior Studies. ...ng Who Really Provides Behavior safety.” Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies.

...am; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). ''Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology''. (10th ed.). Saunders. ISBN 0721629210. {{Rp|859}}</ref> A b ...date=2007-08-14 |work=}}</ref> In addition, lead has been found in animal studies to cause [[apoptosis|programmed cell death]] in brain cells.<ref name="Need

...velopment|last = Schoeters|first = G.|coauthors = et al.|journal = Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology|volume = 102|pages = 168–175|year = 2008|pmid=1 ...ess calcium.<ref>{{cite book| author = Laurence, D.R.|year = 1966| title = Clinical Pharmacology(Third Edition)}}</ref>

...and allergies. The problem was that the patient portal had not transferred clinical data, it had transferred insurance billing codes. ...search on breast cancer patient needs and preferences of an Internet-based clinical trial matching system |journal=J Med Internet Res. |volume=9 |issue=2 |page

...ontainer holding information about the patient, and a tool for aggregating clinical date for secondary uses (billing, audit ''etc.''). However, other research EHRs provide access to unprecedented amounts of clinical data for research that can accelerate the level of knowledge of effective m

...both an M.D. and M.P.H., Rosenstock opted to emphasize public health over clinical health, expressing a desire reach as many people as possible. She articulat ...medicine. She was a [[Robert Wood Johnson Foundation|Robert Wood Johnson]] Clinical Scholar from 1980 to 1982.<ref name=nih /> In 1993, Rosenstock attained the

...icine pulmonary fellowship program at [[Cedars-Sinai Medical Center]]. His clinical work involved [[asbestos]]-exposed shipyard workers, and he published resea ...d it is more difficult to design strategies for causation and intervention studies to eliminate those risks, such as musculoskeletal injuries and work-related

...ffeine: assessment of segmental sodium reabsorption in humans. | journal = Clinical Science | volume = 103 | year = 2002 | issue = 5 | accessdate = 2010-06-18 ...cts of EDTA on coronary arteries is currently (2008) proceeding.<ref name="clinical study">http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00044213?order=2</ref> ED

...c effect" and it was also interpreted as an entropy effect. However, later studies suggested that both enthalpy and entropy factors were involved.<ref>{{cite ...ite book|last=Runge|first=V.M.|coauthors=Scott, S.|title=Contrast-enhanced Clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging |publisher=University Press of Kentucky|date=199

...id sequences, as with other proteins, may be adaptive. For example, recent studies have suggested genetic variants in deer mice that help explain how deer mic ...007-11-10 | work = Lab Tests Online | publisher = American Association for Clinical Chemistry | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = |

- [[Clinical death]] - [[Health applications and clinical studies of meditation]]

...assessments such as bioimpedance, MRI, or CT to build on the findings of a clinical assessment (physical evaluation). From this, results of therapy can be acc ...|pmid=12436430 |doi=10.1002/cncr.10976}}.</ref> However, while there is no clinical evidence to support this belief some therapists have begun to raise concern

...tudies reveal that big cisterns extend deeply into the skin and beyond the clinical lesions. Lymphangiomas that are deep in the dermis show no evidence of comm

Some studies have suggested a genetic predisposition to the proposed autoimmune response ==Clinical Features==

...hoid - and great advances in medicine and science have resulted from these studies. It was only natural to ask where these two great classes of cells arose, a *LAK cells (Lymphokine-activated killer) are a laboratory/clinical subset of NK Cells promoted by [[IL-2]] to attack tumor cells.<ref>''Immuno

...ef><ref>{{cite journal |author=Burt RK, Loh Y, Pearce W, ''et al.'' |title=Clinical applications of blood-derived and marrow-derived stem cells for nonmalignan ...7360989 |doi=10.1056/NEJMoa065464}}</ref> Researchers have conducted small studies using non-myeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a possib

...l for the non-invasive assessment of [[Peripheral vascular disease|PVD]]. Studies have shown the [[sensitivity and specificity|sensitivity]] of ABPI is 90% w ...nsitivity,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Montgomery PS, Gardner AW,|title=The clinical utility of a six-minute walk test in peripheral arterial occlusive disease

...cal agents) have been associated as possible causes. Up to 50% (varies in studies) of cases are associated with [[chromosome 22]]q11 deletions. The [[neural ==Clinical manifestations==

...insufficiency in multiple sclerosis. Correlation of symptoms at onset and clinical course. |journal=Int Angiol |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=183–8 |year=2010 | ...of the cases. Nevertheless this part of the study was not blinded. Further studies are currently underway.<ref name="pmid19060024"/><ref name=pmid20373339/>

Today biochemical and clinical research continues into the role of ADMA in [[cardiovascular disease]], [[d ...levels can be manipulated and, more importantly, if this results in useful clinical benefits.

...suggested that antioxidant supplements might promote health, later large [[clinical trial]]s did not detect any benefit and suggested instead that excess suppl ...meeting of Food Expo, Anaheim, Ca</ref> inconsistencies of epidemiological studies implying beneficial health effects of polyphenol antioxidants of [[green te

...te to severe pain as an alternative to [[opioid]] analgesic drugs. Animal studies have shown that nefopam has a potentiating (analgesic-sparing) effect on mo ...al analgesic efficacy of oral nefopam hydrochloride. | journal= Journal of Clinical Pharmacology | month= July | year= 1979 | pages= 395&ndash;402 | volume=19

...ode studies in human patients. In: Ramey ER, O'Doherty DS, eds. Electrical studies on the unanesthetized brain. New York: Paul B. Hoeber, 1960:214–47.].</re ...porary abolition of pain in man. Science 1967;155:108 –9.].</ref> Recent studies have demonstrated that electrical stimulation of [[peripheral nerve]]s lead

...lse induces a tiny electrical signal that stimulates cellular repair. Many studies have also demonstrated the effectiveness of PEMF in healing soft-tissue wou The use of magnetic field therapy in clinical applications dates back over 500 years. In the 15th century, Swiss physicia

...and Gabapentin Monotherapy in Refractory Mood Disorders|journal=Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology|volume=20|issue=6|pages=607–14|year=2000|url= http://w A [[double blind]], [[randomized controlled trial|randomized controlled]] [[clinical trial|trial]] found gabapentin ineffective for the treatment of idiopathic

...edical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research | volume = 12 | issue = 10 | pages = RA207–19 | year = 2006 | mo ...ecessarily correlate with levels in the [[central nervous system]]. Other studies use a blanket [[opioid]] [[receptor antagonist|antagonist]] (usually [[nalo

...|pmid=20137764 |doi= |url=}}</ref> Gabapentin enacarbil has passed human [[clinical trial]]s for the treatment of [[restless legs syndrome]], and initial resul ...about gabapentin itself in the past, but were felt to be outweighed by its clinical utility as an anticonvulsant, whereas the treatment of restless legs syndro

...for [[pain management|chronic pain management]]. Numerous trials and case studies have demonstrated various benefits for condition such as [[fibromyalgia]]<r ==Clinical trials==

}}</ref> Recent studies have shown cannabidiol to be as effective as [[atypical antipsychotics]] in }}</ref> Studies have also shown that it may relieve symptoms of [[dystonia]].<ref name=pmid

...d system has been studied using genetic and pharmacological methods. These studies have revealed a broad role for endocannabinoid signaling in a variety of ph ...on has also been shown to modulate [[potassium channel]] activity. Recent studies have found that CB1 activation facilitates [[G protein-coupled inwardly-rec

...ma and urine assessed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ''Clinical Chemistry''. 2002 Feb;48(2):301-6. PMID 11805011</ref> forming a water-solu ...T, Mangin P, Giroud C. Assessment of driving capability through the use of clinical and psychomotor tests in relation to blood cannabinoids levels following or

...34 |doi=10.1056/NEJM199708073370621}}</ref> This estimate is supported by studies which indicate that the effective dose of THC is at least 1000 times lower ===Studies in humans===

Clinical evaluations of the Volcano Vaporizer have been carried out, primarily under ===Studies===

...eading to the feeling of a mental "high," which varies strongly by person. Studies have also found that the heating of cannabis (which can be achieved without ...s Cannabis Delivery System: A Pilot Study|author=DI Abrams, et al.|journal=Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics|volume=82|year=2007|url=http://www.maps.org/m

...er, Vermont, pp. 92-101. ISBN 0-89281-979-0</ref> Recent [[phylogenetic]] studies based on [[cpDNA]] [[restriction site]] analysis and [[gene sequencing]] st ...e = "winek1977">Winek, C. L. 1977. Some historical aspects of marijuana. ''Clinical Toxicology'' '''10'''(2): 243-253.</ref>

...colleagues (2004), and Sontineni and colleagues (2009) offered simplified clinical diagnostic criteria <ref name="Allen">Allen JH, de Moore GM, Heddle R, Twar == Clinical presentation ==

...uana users. ''Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 21(4),'' 478-487.</ref>. Studies pertaining to the beliefs held by drug users and the public at large concer ...ring that marijuana is most widely used by adolescents. Furthermore, fMRI studies have shown an increase in spatial working memory in brain response in marij

...symptoms during withdrawal from chronic marijuana use. ''Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology'' 8(4): 483–492.</ref> According to Budney et al., the

...bstance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies.</ref><ref>Shand, F. and Mattick, R. (2002) Results from the 4th National C ...S-43; DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 08-4347) Rockville, MD, Office of Applied Studies</ref>

...mary active component of the cannabis plant, various [[research|scientific studies]] have suggested that certain other cannabinoids like CBD may also play a s ...the "Effects of cannabis" article. Add all other info, including specific studies to [[Effects of cannabis]]-->

...<ref name="pmid16411894">{{cite journal |author=Allen SJ, Dawbarn D |title=Clinical relevance of the neurotrophins and their receptors |journal=Clin. Sci. |vol ...urological Diseases Discovered: Findings could lead to new treatments, two studies suggest', Steven Reinberg, ''[[HealthDay]]'' (July 5, 2006)

...s may also control the way that neurons respond to synaptic input. Initial studies suggest roles for HCN channels in sour taste, coordinated motor behavior an ...Receptors and Ion Channels | publisher = International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote

...y crystallography|x-ray crystallographic]] [[protein structure|structure]] studies, and [[Peter Agre]] for his similar work on [[aquaporin]]s.<ref>{{cite pres ...Receptors and Ion Channels | publisher = International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote

...suppresses the [[gastrocolic reflex]].<ref>Katzung, Bertram G. ''Basic and Clinical Pharmacology'', 9th ed. (2004). ISBN 0-07-141092-9{{Page needed|date=Septem ...has been shown to cause a mild [[physical dependence]] during preclinical studies, specifically in mice, rats, and rhesus monkeys. Symptoms of mild opiate wi

...ioid abusers. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2000 Mar;148(4):374-83.</ref><ref>Clinical Guidelines for the Use of Buprenorphine in the Treatment of Opioid Addictio ==Clinical use==

...ilymed.nlm.nih.gov |date= |accessdate=2010-07-28}}</ref> which entered the clinical practice as a general anaesthetic under the trade name Sublimaze in the 196 ...patches]], fentanyl is currently the most widely used synthetic opioid in clinical practice, with several new delivery methods currently in development.<ref>{

...done was systematically studied as a potential substitution therapy. Their studies introduced a sweeping change in the notion that drug addiction was not nece The results of the early major studies showed methadone could effectively interrupt illicit opioid use and reduce

...idine psychosis: DA-2 receptor specificity |journal=Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology |volume=22 |issue=6 |pages=573–9 |year=1984 |pmid=6535849 |doi ...ired for PCP-like activity is derived from structure-activity relationship studies of PCP analogues, and summarized below. All of these analogues would have s

Differing studies suggest no overall consensus so far with regard to the long-term effects of Clinical pharmacologist John Mendelsohn has also said:

...for [[codeine]]"; it is implied that the compound was first found to have clinical potential in this study<ref>[http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/02-A-0846RELEASE.p ...ine no better than placebo"''] San Francisco Chronicle, July 8, 2004</ref> Studies conducted by the [[American Academy of Pediatrics]] show that dextromethorp

...commended for [[Obstetrics|obstetric]] analgesia because it has not been [[Clinical trial|adequately tested]] for obstetrical administration and has demonstrab * [http://www.druglib.com/druginfo/toradol/abstracts/ Published studies related to ketorolac], at DrugLib

...dically in patients receiving long-term therapy with diclofenac. Based on clinical trial data and postmarketing experiences, transaminases should be monitored * Studies in Pakistan showed that diclofenac caused acute kidney failure in vultures

...or = Kantor, T. G. | title = Ketoprofen: a review of its pharmacologic and clinical properties | journal = Pharmacotherapy | year = 1986 |volume=6 | issue=3 |p Recent studies have found that Ketoprofen, like [[Diclofenac]] is a veterinary drug causin

...=Pharmacokinetics of oxicam nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents |journal=Clinical pharmacokinetics |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=107–20 |year=1994 |pmid=81626 ...e journal |author=Banerjee R, Chakraborty H, Sarkar M |title=Photophysical studies of oxicam group of NSAIDs: piroxicam, meloxicam and tenoxicam |journal=Spec

...;mg per day a level of injury lower than that of other NSAIDs; however, in clinical practice meloxicam can still cause some [[Peptic ulcer|ulcer]] complication ...for rheumatoid arthritis, Vioxx reduced the risk of symptomatic ulcers and clinical upper gastrointestinal events ([[gastrointestinal perforation|perforations]

...name="former29">David MA, Eric GH. Antipyretics: mechanisms of action and clinical use in fever suppresion. AJ of Medicine [internet]. 2001 Sep [cited 2010 Ja ...ve similar characteristics and tolerability. There is little difference in clinical efficacy among the NSAIDs when used at equivalent doses. Rather, difference

.... (1989) Inhalation Anesthesia (Chapter 11). In P. G. Barash et al. (Eds.) Clinical Anesthesia. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott.</ref> ...ity from studies in humans and sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.<ref>http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/index.cfm?objectid=72

|title=Xenon: elemental anaesthesia in clinical practice ==Isotopes and isotopic studies==

...cal setting as a general anesthetic, to treat conditions such as insomnia, clinical depression, narcolepsy, and [[alcoholism]], and to improve athletic perform ...henyl-GHB have been shown to produce similar effects to GHB in some animal studies, but these compounds are even less well researched than GHB itself. Of thes

The exact composition of mafeisan, similar to all of Hua Tuo's clinical knowledge, was lost when he burned his manuscripts, just before his death.< ...me formulation based on historical records but none have achieved the same clinical efficacy as Hua Tuo's. In any event, Hua Tuo's formula did not appear to be

...ening to some extent in our own society. It is well known that the rate of clinical depression had been greatly increasing in recent decades. We believe that t ...donate two rare books to the [[Melville J. Herskovits]] Library of African Studies at [[Northwestern University]]'s campus in Evanston, Illinois, the location

...iew=long&pmid=565339}}</ref> He was the co-author of numerous [[anthrax]] studies, including one on a treatment for [[inhalation]]al anthrax published in the ...C9VKLU0tlS97YHNw&pagewanted=all# |quote=Richard G. Rappaport, an associate clinical psychiatry professor at the University of California, San Diego, who examin

...an to be widely commercially available at low prices, and several clinical studies suggested that babies fed evaporated milk formula thrive as well as breastf ...= }}</ref> (these findings are not supported by modern research). These studies, accompanied by the affordable price of evaporated milk and the availabilit

...en-free, casein-free diet in autism: results of a preliminary double blind clinical trial |journal=J Autism Dev Disord |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=413–20 |yea

...an to be widely commercially available at low prices, and several clinical studies from that time period suggested that babies fed evaporated milk formula thr

...ame=pj>The [[Pharmaceutical Journal]], Vol 264 No 7078 p48 January 8, 2000 Clinical.</ref> Several mechanisms for this protection have been proposed: ...tism |journal= Brain Dysfunct |year=1991 |volume=4 |pages=308–19}}</ref> Studies supporting these claims have had significant flaws, so the data are inadequ

...sclerosis in inbred strains of mice |journal=The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine |volume=112 |issue=1 |pages=36–42 |year=1988 |month=July |pmid=3 ...es dietary linolenic acid influence blood pressure?" ''American Journal of Clinical Nutrition''. 44: 336-340.