Visilizumab

From Self-sufficiency

Visilizumab
Monoclonal antibody
Type	Whole antibody
Source	Template:Infobox drug/mab source
Target	CD3 receptor
Identifiers
ATC code	none

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Visilizumab (tentative trade name Nuvion, PDL BioPharma Inc.) is a humanized monoclonal antibody. It is being investigated for use as an immunosuppressive drug in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Visilizumab binds to the CD3 receptor on certain activated T cells without affecting resting T cells. It is currently under clinical studies for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.^[1]

PDL BioPharma, Inc. canceled production of visilizumab following its Phase II/III clinical trials, citing its inefficacy and poor safety profile compared to other drugs on the market as the major reasons.^[2] Nevertheless, clinical trials continue for various diseases like multiple myeloma^[3] and diabetes mellitus type 1^[4]^[5] as of July 2009^[update].

Visilizumab has also been radiolabelled with technetium-99m for imaging T cells.^[6]

References

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Immunomodulators: Immunosuppressive drugs / Immunosuppressants (L04)

Intracellular
(initiation)

Antimetabolites	purine synthesis inhibitor: Azathioprine · Mycophenolic acid pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor: Leflunomide · Teriflunomide antifolate: Methotrexate
Macrolides/ other IL-2 inhibitors	FKBP/Cyclophilin/Calcineurin: Tacrolimus · Ciclosporin · Pimecrolimus Abetimus · Gusperimus
TNF-α inhibitor	Thalidomide · Lenalidomide

Intracellular
(reception)

IL-1 receptor antagonists	Anakinra
mTOR	Sirolimus · Deforolimus · Everolimus · Temsirolimus · Zotarolimus · Biolimus A9

Extracellular

Antibodies

Monoclonal

Serum target (noncellular)	Complement component 5 (Eculizumab) · TNFs (Infliximab, Adalimumab, Certolizumab pegol, Afelimomab, Golimumab) · Interleukin 5 (Mepolizumab) · Immunoglobulin E (Omalizumab) · BAYX (Nerelimomab) Interferon (Faralimomab) IL-6 (Elsilimomab) IL-12 and IL-23 (Lebrikizumab, Ustekinumab)
Cellular target	CD3 (Muromonab-CD3, Otelixizumab, Teplizumab, Visilizumab) · CD4 (Clenoliximab, Keliximab, Zanolimumab) · CD11a (Efalizumab) · CD18 (Erlizumab) · CD20 (Afutuzumab, Ocrelizumab, Pascolizumab) · CD23 (Lumiliximab) · CD40 (Teneliximab, Toralizumab) · CD62L/L-selectin (Aselizumab) · CD80 (Galiximab) · CD147/Basigin (Gavilimomab) · CD154 (Ruplizumab) BLyS (Belimumab) · CTLA-4 (Ipilimumab, Tremelimumab) · CAT (Bertilimumab, Lerdelimumab, Metelimumab) · Integrin (Natalizumab) · Interleukin-6 receptor (Tocilizumab) · LFA-1 (Odulimomab) IL-2 receptor/CD25 (Basiliximab, Daclizumab, Inolimomab) T-lymphocyte (Zolimomab aritox)
Unsorted	Atorolimumab, Cedelizumab, Dorlixizumab, Fontolizumab, Gantenerumab, Gomiliximab, Maslimomab, Morolimumab, Pexelizumab, Reslizumab, Rovelizumab, Siplizumab, Talizumab, Telimomab aritox, Vapaliximab, Vepalimomab

Polyclonal

Anti-thymocyte globulin · Anti-lymphocyte globulin

-cept (Fusion)

CTLA-4 (Abatacept, Belatacept) · TNF inhibitor (Etanercept, Pegsunercept) · Aflibercept · Alefacept · Rilonacept

M: LMC

cell/phys/auag/auab

imdf/ipig/hyps/tumr

proc, drug(L3/4)

v t e Humanized monoclonal antibodies ("-zu-")
"-tuzu-" (tumor)	Afutuzumab, Alemtuzumab, Bevacizumab, Bivatuzumab mertansine, Cantuzumab mertansine, Citatuzumab bogatox, Dacetuzumab, Elotuzumab^†, Etaracizumab, Farletuzumab, Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, Inotuzumab ozogamicin, Labetuzumab, Lintuzumab, Matuzumab^§, Milatuzumab, Nimotuzumab, Oportuzumab monatox, Pertuzumab, Sibrotuzumab, Tacatuzumab tetraxetan, Tigatuzumab, Trastuzumab, Tucotuzumab celmoleukin, Veltuzumab
"-lizu-" (immune system)	immunosuppressive: Aselizumab, Apolizumab, Benralizumab^†, Cedelizumab, Certolizumab pegol, Daclizumab, Eculizumab, Efalizumab, Epratuzumab, Erlizumab, Fontolizumab, Mepolizumab, Natalizumab, Ocrelizumab, Omalizumab, Pascolizumab, Pexelizumab, PRO 140^†, Reslizumab, Rontalizumab, Rovelizumab, Ruplizumab, Siplizumab, Talizumab, Teplizumab, Tocilizumab, Toralizumab, Vedolizumab, Visilizumab, TGN1412^§ non-immunosuppressive: Ibalizumab^†
"-bazu-" (bacterial)	Tefibazumab^†
"-cizu-" (cardiovascular)	Alacizumab pegol, Bevacizumab/Ranibizumab, Etaracizumab, Tadocizumab
"-nezu-"/"-neuzu-" (nervous system)	Bapineuzumab^†, Solanezumab, Tanezumab
"-toxazu-" (toxin as target)	Urtoxazumab
"-vizu-" (viral)	Felvizumab, Motavizumab, Palivizumab
"-kizu-" (interleukin as target)	Lebrikizumab
"-anibizu-" (angiogenesis inhibitor)	Ranibizumab
^†Undergoing clinical trials. ^§Never marketed.

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pl:Wizylizumab

↑ "PDL BioPharma, Development Pipeline - Nuvion (visilizumab)". Retrieved 2008-02-11.
↑ "PDL Lands in a Hazard". Retrieved 2009-05-27.
↑ "Treated T Cells Followed by a Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients With Multiple Myeloma". ClinicalTrials.gov. Retrieved 2010-03-15.
↑ Kaufman, A; Herold, KC (2009). "Anti-CD3 mAbs for treatment of type 1 diabetes". Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews. 25 (4): 302–6. doi:10.1002/dmrr.933. PMID 19319985.
↑ "Anti-CD3 mAb Treatment of Recent Onset Type 1 Diabetes". ClinicalTrials.gov.
↑ Malviya, G; D'alessandria, C; Bonanno, E; Vexler, V; Massari, R; Trotta, C; Scopinaro, F; Dierckx, R; Signore, A (2009). "Radiolabeled Humanized Anti-CD3 Monoclonal Antibody Visilizumab for Imaging Human T-Lymphocytes". Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. 50 (10): 1683. doi:10.2967/jnumed.108.059485. PMID 19759100.

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Visilizumab

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