Difference between revisions of "Amikacin"
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==Resistance== | ==Resistance== | ||
| − | Amikacin has high resistance against bacterial inactivation. It resists attacks by most bacterial inactivating enzymes, this is accomplished by the <small>L</small>-hydroxyaminobuteroyl amide (L-HABA) moiety attached to N-3 which inhibits acetylation, phosphorylation and adenylation in the distant amino sugar ring (C-2,C-3,C-4). To prevent the development of bacterial resistance to this | + | Amikacin has high resistance against bacterial inactivation. It resists attacks by most bacterial inactivating enzymes, this is accomplished by the <small>L</small>-hydroxyaminobuteroyl amide (L-HABA) moiety attached to N-3 which inhibits acetylation, phosphorylation and adenylation in the distant amino sugar ring (C-2,C-3,C-4). To prevent the development of bacterial resistance to this extremely powerful antibiotic, its use is tightly regulated. |
==Side effects== | ==Side effects== | ||
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[[Category:Aminoglycoside antibiotics]] | [[Category:Aminoglycoside antibiotics]] | ||
[[Category:World Health Organization essential medicines]] | [[Category:World Health Organization essential medicines]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Butyramides]] | ||
[[ar:أميكاسين]] | [[ar:أميكاسين]] | ||
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[[pt:Amicacina]] | [[pt:Amicacina]] | ||
[[ru:Амикацин]] | [[ru:Амикацин]] | ||
| + | [[sl:Amikacin]] | ||
[[th:อะมิกาซิน]] | [[th:อะมิกาซิน]] | ||
[[zh:阿米卡星]] | [[zh:阿米卡星]] | ||
[[Category:2Fix]] | [[Category:2Fix]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:44, 27 September 2010
| File:Amikacin.svg | |
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
|---|---|
|
(2S)-4-amino-N-[(2S,3S,4R,5S)-5-amino-2- [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-3,5-dihydroxy- 6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2R,3R, 4S,5R,6R)-6-(aminomethyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxy- oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-hydroxy-cyclohexyl]-2-hydroxy- butanamide | |
| Clinical data | |
| Pregnancy category | |
| Routes of administration | Intramuscular, intravenous |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Protein binding | 0-11% |
| Biological half-life | 2-3 hours |
| Excretion | Renal |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 37517-28-5 |
| ATC code | D06AX12 (WHO) J01GB06, S01AA21 |
| PubChem | CID 37768 |
| DrugBank | APRD00550 |
| ChemSpider | 34635 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C22H43N5O13 |
| Molar mass | 585.603 g/mol[[Script error: No such module "String".]] |
| Script error: No such module "collapsible list". | |
Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat different types of bacterial infections. Amikacin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of mRNA and leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth.
Administration
Amikacin may be administered once or twice a day but must be given by the intravenous or intramuscular route. There is no oral form available. Dosage must be adjusted in people with kidney failure.
Uses
Amikacin is most often used for treating severe, hospital-acquired infections with multidrug resistant Gram negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, and Enterobacter.
Amikacin may be combined with a beta-lactam antibiotic for empiric therapy for people with neutropenia and fever.
Resistance
Amikacin has high resistance against bacterial inactivation. It resists attacks by most bacterial inactivating enzymes, this is accomplished by the L-hydroxyaminobuteroyl amide (L-HABA) moiety attached to N-3 which inhibits acetylation, phosphorylation and adenylation in the distant amino sugar ring (C-2,C-3,C-4). To prevent the development of bacterial resistance to this extremely powerful antibiotic, its use is tightly regulated.
Side effects
Side effects of amikacin are similar to other aminoglycosides. Kidney damage and hearing loss are the most important effects. Because of this potential, blood levels of the drug and markers of kidney function (creatinine) may be monitored.
References
- Edson RS, Terrell CL. The aminoglycosides. Mayo Clin Proc. 1999 May;74(5):519-28. Review. PMID 10319086
bg:Амикацин ca:Amikacina de:Amikacin es:Amikacina fa:آمیکاسین fr:Amikacine it:Amikacina nl:Amikacine pl:Amikacyna pt:Amicacina ru:Амикацин sl:Amikacin th:อะมิกาซิน zh:阿米卡星
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- Aminoglycoside antibiotics
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- Butyramides
