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...of ice, especially to the tropics. The advent of artificial refrigeration technology has since made delivery of ice obsolete. ...o be resistant to heat transfer. This mixture was thought to be completely water impenetrable. The space often had access to a Qanat, and often contained a

'''Soap''' is an anionic surfactant used in conjunction with water for washing and [[cleaning]], which historically comes either in solid [[mo ...irt and oils, while the ionic end dissolves in water. Therefore, it allows water to remove normally-insoluble matter by emulsification.

...a clean burning fuel (such as natural or LP gas) the emissions are mostly water vapors with very little smoke. It is not difficult to do and, even when bur ...as opposed to buying it. My objective in this endeavor was to use existing technology to design a simple, cheap, reliable and efficient method for the small-scal

...at the inlet of a compressor, but by absorption into an absorptive medium (water in the case of the Icy Ball). ...balls: a hot ball, which in the fully charged state contains the absorber (water) and a cold ball containing liquid ammonia. These are joined by a pipe in t

...ivet]]ed steel plates. The Americans also became more accepting of the new technology when the process allowed them to repair their ships quickly after a German During the 1920s, major advances were made in welding technology, including the 1920 introduction of automatic welding in which electrode wi

...]) tars and particles. The removal of tar is often accomplished by using a water [[scrubber]]. Running wood gas in an unmodified gasoline-burning internal c ...ide fuel cells], Ph.D. Thesis by Florian Nagel, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, 2008</ref>.

...onary motive power.In 1873, Thaddeus S. C. Lowe developed and patented the water gas process by which large amounts of hydrogen gas could be generated for r ...charcoal produces a cleaner gas without the tarry volatiles and excessive water content of wood.

|Ship propulsion=Proteus gas turbine driving water jets ...contracted by the Navy for the purpose of evaluating the latest hydrofoil technology. The second boat was the rival [[Grumman]] built [[USS Flagstaff (PGH-1)|US

...e UK Ministry of Defence's (MoD's) Directorate Equipment Capability (Above Water Effect) - DEC(AWE) - have identified a significant capability gap in the RN ...with [[GE Fanuc Intelligent Platforms|GE FANUC]] and BAE Systems' Advanced Technology Centre,<ref name=CORDA26Jun08/> in conjunction with the DE&S Integrated Pr

...rounds) with an average [[rate of fire]] of ten rounds per minute using a water cooled barrel. The AGS is to be mounted in a turret specifically designed f ...was designed around this "vertical gun", but the project ran into serious technology/cost problems and was radically scaled back to a more conventional 6.1&nbsp

...eapon. Nonetheless, the Gatling gun represented a huge leap in [[firearm]] technology. Prior to the Gatling gun, the only rapid-fire firearms available to milita ...a fibrous matting stuffed in among the barrels which could be soaked with water to cool the barrels down. Later models eliminated the matting-filled barrel

...oved barrel]] Due to the continuing evolution of both threats and computer technology, the Phalanx system has, like most military systems, been developed through ...ation are 440 [[volt|V]] [[alternating current|AC]] at 60 [[Hertz|Hz]] and water for electronics cooling. For full operation including some non-essential f

|wingspan= 69 cm (27-1/4 in. in the air), 66 cm (26 in. in the water) ...e tail fins, acting as aerodynamic stabilizers, which were to shed away on water entry.

...cal power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. It is the most widely used form of [[renewable energy]]. Once a hydroelect ...a.net/darvill/altenerg/hydro.htm Hydroelectric power - energy from falling water] Clara.net</ref>

...ntain 15 drops/milliliter, not 20 drops/milliliter as is often assumed for water.<ref>http://wiki.answers.com/Q/20_drops_per_ml_or_15_drops_per_ml Viscous l Unlike I₂, I₃⁻ salts can be highly water-soluble. Through this reaction [[iodine]] is used in [[redox]] [[titration]

...is a white to slight yellowish crystalline powder. It is very soluble in [[water]] and is [[hygroscopic]]. It is also slowly oxidized by oxygen in the air t ...] manufacturing processes, typically diluted to about 10% concentration in water. Sodium nitrite also has been used in human and veterinary medicine as a [[

...surface area of several square metres. This image of activated charcoal in water is at a scale of 6.236 pixels/[[μm]], the entire image covers a region of ...occur. PAC is generally added directly to other process units, such as raw water intakes, rapid mix basins, clarifiers, and gravity filters.

'''Glacial acetic acid''' is a trivial name for water-free acetic acid. Similar to the [[German language|German]] name ''Eisessig

...a dangerous compound that is widely found as a [[pollution|pollutant]] in water bodies and streams.<ref name="methylHg">{{cite book| url = http://books.goo ...ater-silver" (hydr- = water, argyros = silver) — since it is liquid like water and shiny like silver. The element was named after the Roman god [[Mercury

{{redirect|NaCl|the Google technology|Google Native Client}} ...i?ID=C7647145&Type=THZ-IR-SPEC&Index=1 National Institute of Standards and Technology: Sodium Chloride]</ref>

...tetraacetate'''. EDTA is a [[polyamino carboxylic acid]] and a colourless, water-soluble solid. It is widely used to dissolve [[Limescale|scale]]. Its usefu ...n-coordinate complexes, or (ii) the displacement of one carboxylate arm by water. Early work on the development of EDTA was undertaken by [[Gerold Schwarze

| Technology | This is a hot rod style device on the cutting edge of 3D printing technology and like a hotrod, you'll have to oil it and do occasional maintenance.

...because of the potential to use LDHs to remove agrochemicals from polluted water, reducing the likelihood of [[eutrophication]]. ...</sub>O) whose name is derived from its resemblance with talc and its high water content. Hydrotalcite has been studied as potential [[getter]] for iodide i

{{See|Science and technology of the Han Dynasty|List of Chinese inventions}} ...red production in [[medieval Europe]] in the 13th century, where the first water-powered [[paper mill]]s were built and mechanization of papermaking began.<

...hesive]], after which the cured joint is machined perfectly flat. The same technology is used to create extra thick edges, which can be machined using similar to ...joined to the countertop surface with no gaps, which eliminates areas for water to collect and [[bacteria]] to grow. Integral backsplashes can also be crea

* A mixture of [[water]] and [[cement]] to form [[concrete]] ...[[thickening agent#weapon use|gelling agent]], and oxidizers used as an [[water gel|explosive]]

...rbent material''', or '''RAM''', is a class of materials used in [[stealth technology]] to disguise a vehicle or structure from radar detection. A material's abs ...trix. The material's efficiency was partially reduced by the action of sea water.<ref>{{cite paper

...500<ref>Serope Kalpakjian, Steven R Schmid. "Manufacturing Engineering and Technology". International edition. 4th Ed. Prentice Hall, Inc. 2001. ISBN 0-13-017440 ...rom natural raw materials and [[silica fiber]], made from sodium silicate (water glass).

...des |url= |format= |accessdate= |edition= |series= Papermaking Science and Technology |volume= 18 |date= |year= 2000|month= |origyear= |publisher= Fapet Oy|locat | [[Water]] <br>[[absortiveness]] <br>[[Cobb]] 60 || || g/m² || 23 || 23 || TCVN 67

.... Flexibility of the process is enormous and essentially it is an enabling technology to marterialize many a design. Using DMD in conjunction with HDM and multi-

Another technology that can benefit from the unique properties of EAP actuators is optical mem ...e membrane|impermeable]] surface. This will prevent the [[evaporation]] of water contained in the EAP, and also reduce the potential loss of the positive co

...basic solution (usually 0.26N [[tetramethylammonium hydroxide]] (TMAH) in water). ...=Robert L.|last5=Trefonas|first5=Peter|journal=Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures|volume=24|pages=316}}</ref> Ho

...cations in the solution will impede the polymers ability to bond with the water molecule. ...er penetration in underground power or communications cable, horticultural water retention agents, control of spill and waste aqueous fluid, artificial snow

The characteristic [[anhydride]] bonds in polyanhydrides are water-labile (the polymer chain breaks apart at the anhydride bond). This result ...ature reaction of two monomers), dehydrative coupling agents (removing the water group from two carboxyl groups), and solution polymerization (reacting in a

...above 100 °C, owing to the high Tg of PPO, so Noryl is stable in boiling water. The precise value of the transition depends on the exact composition of th ...ref>[http://www.technologyreview.com/read_article.aspx?id=16847&ch=biztech Technology Review: Hydrogen on the Cheap<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

...hor=Jinsong Leng, Haibao Lv, Yanju Liu and Shanyi Du. |title=Comment on “Water-driven programable polyurethane shape memory polymer: Demonstration and mec journal=Composites Science and Technology|

At 20.00 degrees Celsius the viscosity of water is 1.002 [[pascal second|mPa·s]] and its kinematic viscosity (ratio of vis The Oscillating Piston Viscometer technology has been adapted for small sample viscosity and micro-sample viscosity test

...e [[biodegradable]]. That is, they are broken down into CO₂ and water by [[microorganisms]]. In addition, some of these biodegradable biopolymers ...lymers are [[biodegradable]]: they are broken down into CO₂ and water by [[microorganisms]]. In addition, some of these biodegradable biopolymers

...ylic acid]]s. This causes loss of tack and makes the material soluble in [[water]]. ...(Ed), ''Synthetics, Mineral Oils, and Bio-Based Lubricants: Chemistry and Technology'', CRC Press (2005), Print ISBN: 978-1-57444-723-1, eBook ISBN: 978-1-4200-

...=PA76|page=76|title=Polymer Pioneers: A Popular History of the Science and Technology of Large Molecules|author=Peter J. T. Morris|publisher=Chemical Heritage Fo ...d for use in potable plumbing, hydronic heating and cooling, and reclaimed water applications, are also manufactured using polypropylene.<ref>ASTM Standard

...nd 10 mirrors to reflect sunlight onto the test specimens. With the latest technology for ultra-accelerated exposure testing it’s possible to simulate 63 years ...an be used with water spray to simulate a more humid climate. In addition, water containing up to 5% sodium chloride can be sprayed to create the conditions

...rface. A solution of the pesticide and a diacid chloride are emulsified in water and an aqueous solution containing an amine and a polyfunctional [[isocyana ...de/innovationsnetzwerke/technologieplattform-mikroverkapselung/ Fraunhofer Technology Platform Microencapsulation]

...athering: a mix of empiricism and science", ''Material Testing Product and Technology News'', 2006, 36 (76), 3-12 [http://www.atlas-mts.com]</ref>. Additional in ...for the determination of common initial properties of polymers<ref>gas and water permeability, cristallinity, density, molecular weight, melt flow index, et

...tion]] reaction between [[terephthalic acid]] and [[ethylene glycol]] with water as a byproduct, or by [[transesterification]] reaction between [[ethylene g | [[Water absorption]] (ASTM)

...ound, it remains popular for a number of other uses. In [[dentistry|dental technology]], it is still occasionally used in the production of custom impression tra ...n solvents is not very good, shellac provides an excellent barrier against water vapour penetration. Shellac based primers are an effective sealant to contr

...ch corresponds to the combination of the two monomers with the loss of two water molecules. The distinct piece of each monomer that is incorporated into the ...ref><ref>Faudree M.C. and Fujimaki A. (2004) Basic English for Science and Technology, (3rd printing) Eihosha, Tokyo. ISBN 4-269-18019-6 C1082</ref>Polymers aff

...nd in water sanitation to inhibit the growth of microorganisms in drinking water.<ref name="Review">{{cite journal|last=Kenaway|first=El-Refaie|coauthors=S. ...ies and the liberation of very low amounts of corrosive free chlorine into water<ref>{{cite journal|last=Liang|first=J.|coauthors=Chen, Y.|date=2006|journal

..., 0.930–0.935 g/cm³). UHMWPE can be made through any catalyst technology, although Ziegler catalysts are most common. Because of its outstanding tou ...ch as milk jugs, detergent bottles, margarine tubs, garbage containers and water pipes. One third of all toys are manufactured from HDPE. In 2007 the global

...RMC)] at [[Tulane University]] in [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]] uses this technology for its various research projects. ...would involve preliminary testing to prove the feasibility of adapting the technology to a specific product. It would also involve actual implementation on a la

...ly known as wet scrubbers. In these systems, the scrubbing liquid (usually water) comes into contact with a gas stream containing dust particles. The greate ...vely, the sample may be washed through with a non-reacting liquid (usually water) or blown through with an air current.

...ath it. Crude oil may also be found in semi-solid form mixed with sand and water, as in the [[Athabasca oil sands]] in [[Canada]], where it is usually refer ...had settled to a sea or lake bottom in large quantities under [[anoxic sea water|anoxic conditions]] (the remains of prehistoric [[terrestrial plant]]s, on

...of Paris from the intrusin of dirt and filth", which at that time made the water unusable. "He expatiates also on the excellence of this material for formin ...It was used as a sealant on baskets to make them water tight for carrying water. Asphaltum was used also to seal the planks on ocean-going canoes.

...emulsified]] colloid of liquid [[butterfat]] globules dispersed within a [[water]]-based liquid.]] ...n chemical process industries utilize [[High shear mixer|high shear mixing technology]] to create novel colloids.

...e chosen for coating, especially when chipping of the coating is expected. Water and the two metals form an [[electrochemical cell]], and if the coating is ...metals such as [[uranium]] and [[plutonium]] are used in [[Nuclear reactor technology|nuclear power plants]] to produce energy via [[nuclear fission]]. Mercury i

...ched fuel]], but only about 10 percent of reactors ever built utilize that technology, and both nuclear weapons production and [[Nuclear marine propulsion|naval ...sks because of its chemical instability. When UF₆ is exposed to water vapor in the air, it reacts with the moisture to produce UO₂F<su

...Due to the high cost of the material it is most typically used in advanced technology [[aerospace]] and manufacturing. ...ecycling capability of other metallic foams but add an ability to float in water.

...s and Ir is treated with sodium oxide, in which Ir is insoluble, producing water-soluble Ru and Os salts. After oxidation to the volatile oxides, {{chem|RuO ...al processes such as [[Chlorine production|generating chlorine]] from salt water.<ref>{{cite book|title =Materials Handbook: A Concise Desktop Reference|url

...rophobic treatment facilitates processing because it allows the use of a [[water jet cutter]]. ...er03.html|title= Lab's aerogel sets world record|publisher= LLNL Science & Technology Review|date=October 2003}}</ref> The density of [[air]] is 1.2&nbsp;mg/cm<s

...|first2= G.|last2=Chandra Basak|year=2007|journal = Materials Science and Technology|volume = 23|issue = 3|pages=307–317 |doi=10.1179/174328407X158640}}</ref> ...[[oxidation]] of polystyrene produces only [[carbon dioxide]] and [[water|water vapor]]. Because of its chemical inertness, polystyrene is used to fabricat

...Sputterering Vacuum Deposition (also known as "sputtering"), is the other technology used to manufacture Low-E glass. In MSVD, a metal or ceramic target bombard ...undermining the ability of the IGU to reduce heat flow. This may result in water or ice forming at the bottom of the sealed unit because of the heating/cool

...[mudstone]], a type of rock. For comparison, the Moon has neither wind nor water, and so its [[regolith]] contains dust but no mudstone. *Rodhes, M (editor),'''Principles of powder technology''', John Wiley & Sons, 1997 ISBN 0-471-92422-9

...me="isbn90-5699-159-0">{{cite book |author=Max Lay |title=Handbook of Road Technology (Transportation Studies) |publisher=Taylor & Francis |location=Washington, ...n costs are determined mainly by the cost of labor, equipment, energy, and water, in addition to the costs of compliance with [[Environmental law|environmen

...g|fiber = 0 g|riboflavin_mg=0.019|calcium_mg=1|iron_mg=0.01|potassium_mg=2|water=0.03 g|source_usda=1|right=1}} ...agnesium_mg=29|phosphorus_mg=22|potassium_mg=346|sodium_mg=39|zinc_mg=0.18|water=1.77 g|source_usda=1|right=1}}

...t it can be removed by drying, and be non-toxic. Typical liquids include [[water]], [[ethanol]] and [[isopropanol]] either alone or in combination. The liqu ...ng the process, and the solvent/water evaporates (dries). Once the solvent/water has been dried and the powders have formed a more densely held mass, then t

...ated for granular materials<ref>Rodhes, M (editor),'''Principles of powder technology''', John Wiley & Sons, 1997 ISBN 0-471-92422-9</ref>. ...d are the second-most manipulated material in industry (the first one is [[water]])"<ref>Richard, P., Slow relaxation and compaction of granular systems. Na

...composition. ''[[Tibicos|Water kefir]]'' (or kefir d'acqua) is grown in [[water]] with sugar (sometimes with added dry fruit such as [[ficus|fig]]s, and [[ ...c streptococci as well as lactose-fermenting yeast. Kefir grains contain a water soluble [[polysaccharide]] known as [[kefiran]] that imparts a rope-like te

...ns rapidly, producing a volume of hot gas made up of [[carbon dioxide]], [[water]], and [[nitrogen]], and a solid residue of [[potassium sulfide]].<ref name ...rogen, [[carbon monoxide]], [[hydrogen sulfide]], hydrogen, methane, 1.11% water.

...to the fiber. Direct dyes, a class of dyes largely for dyeing cotton, are water soluble and can be applied directly to the fiber from an aqueous solution. ...ge form, while viscose rayon yarns are partly dyed at hank form because of technology <ref>[http://www.farerthread.com Farer Thread]</ref>.

...club. From the medieval period, however, it often was carried out in a [[water mill]]. ...t for [[worsted]] materials made from long staple wool. After this stage, water was used to rinse out the foul smelling liquor used during cleansing.

The '''manufacture of [[textile]]s''' is one of the oldest of human [[technology|technologies]]. To make textiles, the first requirement is a source of [[fi :A measure of how much [[water]] a [[textile|fabric]] can [[Absorption (chemistry)|absorb]].

...residual valencies are set free which are able to saturate with the dipole water. The water then acts like a lubrication between the individual molecules. Thus the bon

...pment, sound-proofing elements, melting processes, roller covers, grinding technology, insulations, seals, fuel cell, ...ment/recycling, depositing area construction, product extraction, domestic water sewerage plants.

...But the pollution load created due to this dyeing is very harmful to all water sources. ...using so <br />many wooden dyes and wax printing. But now the science and technology has developed so <br />that via digital printing any photograph can be prin

...abrics on the ground to be [[bleach]]ed by the action of the [[sun]] and [[water]].<ref name="Cotton">{{Citation|title=The Cotton Industry|last=Aspin|first= *[[Timeline of clothing and textiles technology]]

...technique known as spinning 'in the grease'. Indeed if the fabric is to be water repellent, lanolin is not removed at any stage. ...ash the whole fleece. Lanolin is removed by soaking the fleece in very hot water. If the fleece gets agitated, it will become [[felt]], and then spinning

[[Seaweed]] is used in the production of textiles. A water-soluble fibre known as [[Alginic acid|alginate]] is produced and is used as ...ta|title=Milk-fabric clothing raises a few eyebrows|url=http://www.textile-technology.com/2010/04/milk-fabric-clothing-raises-a-few-eyebrows/|date=August 23, 200

...c smoother and more lustrous.<ref name="term">{{cite book |title= Textiles Technology|last= Cresswell|first= Lesley|coauthors= Barbara Lawler, Helen Wilson, Susa ...calendering finish is easily destroyed, and does not last well. Washing in water destroys it, as does wear with time.<ref name="textiles"/>

...en.jpg|thumb|left|[[Yang Lin|Kinhyōshi yōrin]] (Yang Lin), hero of the [[Water Margin|Suikoden]], holding a bamboo hat. From [[Utagawa Kuniyoshi]]'s serie ...>. Modern bamboo yarn is therefore a regenerated cellulose fibre. One such technology was filed in 2003 as US patent 7313906 by inventors Xiangqi Zhou, Zheng Liu

...moves all the waxes, pectins and makes the textile material hydrophilic or water absorbent. See also [[wool#scouring|scouring wool]] ...], Polyacrylics and Polyacetates can be bleached using reductive bleaching technology.

...no water and requires less energy than traditional methods of dyeing, The technology works only on [[synthetic fiber|synthetic materials]] and is currently avai ==Technology==

...d [[ring spinning]].<ref name="RingMule">{{Citation|url=http://www.textile-technology.com/SST_Seminars/Jeremy.pdf SST Seminars|title=Technological Evolution in C ::*The ring was a descendant of the Arkwright water Frame 1769. It was a continuous process, the yard was coarser, had a greate

...ties arising from using concentrated [[sulfuric acid]], needed to keep the water-insoluble polymer in solution during its synthesis and [[spinning (textiles Kevlar was used by scientists at [[Georgia Institute of Technology]] as a base textile for an experiment in electricity-producing clothing. T

'''Timeline of [[clothing]] and [[textile]]s [[technology]].''' ...s left on little pieces of hard clay.<ref name="Chang">[http://www.textile-technology.com/stone-age-clothing-more-advanced-than-thought/ "Stone Age clothing more

...geSize = 150px | ImageAlt = | IUPACName = | PIN = | OtherNames = Powdered Water | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo = | PubChem = | SMILES = }} | ....crunchgear.com/2010/08/26/were-living-in-the-future-scientists-create-dry-water/</ref><ref>http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/08/100825174102.htm</r

...will create "wet [[drag (physics)|drag]]" ([[suction]]), while too little water will result in "dry [[drag (physics)|drag]]" ([[friction]]). A properly se ...t in ski wax has been the use of surfactants and fluorocarbons to increase water and dirt repellency and therefore increase glide.

| accessdate = 2008-03-06 }}</ref> It is insoluble in water, but soluble in [[diethyl ether|ether]], [[benzene]], and certain [[ester]] ...ct]] without itself being taken into the body, but it limits the amount of water removed from the [[Human feces|stool]]. In the food industry, where it may

...properties since virtually all hydrocarbon molecules are saturated. It has water-white color. ...r naturally derived lubricants include [[lanolin]] (wool grease, a natural water repellent).

...materials; when found, these could be readily drilled and shaped. As human technology became capable of obtaining or working with more difficult natural material ...>Dubin 43, 44</ref> Today these beads are commonly made of [[bison]] and [[water buffalo]] bones and are that popular for breastplates and chokers among [[P

...nd Technology (Japan)|Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology]] of the government of [[Japan]] as [[National Treasures of Japan|National | Topped by a three-sided flame and gem on a lotus pedestal. Water jug shaped container with {{nihongo|Fish roe pattern|魚々子|nanako}} an

...and Technology (Japan)|Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology]] based on their "especially high historical or artistic value".<ref name=" ...d for swords was high, and in areas with easy access to ore, charcoal and water.<ref name="yumoto-p29">{{Harvnb|Yumoto|1979|p=29}}</ref> Originally smiths

...us|rushes]] and [[Calluna|heather]], layering the vegetation so as to shed water away from the inner roof. It is a very old roofing method and has been used ...riod, when people first began to grow cereals. Wild vegetation, especially water reed (Phragmites australis), was probably used before this but no records o

...Insulation gained significant national attention as a cheap and available technology to increase the energy efficiency of homes. In 1977, following a particular ...ng cellulose to new wall construction. The differences are the addition of water to the cellulose while spraying as well as adding some kind of moisture ret

...y, he also built a stable and a motor garage, a large silo surmounted by a water tank, and single-storey bachelor’s quarters, completed in 1910.<ref name= ...iles Lewis has noted "The reason why few engineers were active is that the technology was riddled with patents, and that the Monier company in particular tried t

...'' is a [[building material]] consisting of [[clay]], [[sand]], [[straw]], water, and [[soil|earth]], similar to [[adobe]]. Cob is fireproof, resistant to ...ish cob was made by mixing the clay-based [[subsoil]] with [[straw]] and [[water]] using [[oxen]] to trample it. The earthen mixture was then ladled onto a

...oman Architectural Revolution", ''Ceramics and Civilization Volume 3: High Technology Ceramics: Past, Present, Future'', edited by W.D. Kingery and published by ...s the earliest known example to have made use of underwater Roman concrete technology on such a large scale.<ref>Lechtman and Hobbs "Roman Concrete and the Roman

...ial ''quicklime'' (calcium oxide, CaO) and, through subsequent addition of water, into the less [[caustic]] (but still strongly [[alkaline]]) ''slaked lime' * Quicklime can be hydrated, i.e., combined with water.

During the 1980s, soil-pressing technology became widespread. [[France]], [[England]], [[Germany]] and [[Switzerland]] ...lock must be submerged in water for four hours. It is then pulled from the water and immediately subjected to a compression test. The blocks must score at l

...oors vary from simple dirt in a cave to many-layered surfaces using modern technology. Floors may be stone, wood, bamboo, metal, or any other material that can h ...a decorative centerpiece of a floor design, or [[Grating]]s used to drain water or to rub dirt off shoes.

...coastal revetments Author Brown, C. T, [[University of New South Wales]], Water Research Laboratory, 1979. ISBN 0858242893</ref>

...وبى) is a [[natural building]] material made from [[sand]], [[clay]], [[water]], and some kind of fibrous or [[organic material]] ([[sticks]], [[straw]] An adobe brick is a [[composite material]] made of clay mixed with water and an organic material such as straw or dung. The soil composition typical

...<ref name="ECC">{{cite web | title = A brief introduction to ECC and ECC technology network | url=http://www.engineeredcomposites.com/html/introduction.html | ..., including those at the [[University of Michigan]], [[Delft University of Technology]], the [[University of Tokyo]], the [[Czech Technical University]], and [[S

...initial set than ordinary lime in more extreme conditions (including under water). * [http://www.buildingconservation.com/articles/hydraulic/hydraulic.htm The Technology and Use of Hydraulic Lime, by John Ashurst]

...beneficiation|beneficiat]]ing lunar rock that had a high calcium content. Water would either be supplied from off the moon, or by combining oxygen with hyd ...ith lunar [[ilmenite]] at 800°C, to produce [[titanium oxide]], iron, and water. It was capable of withstanding compressive pressures of 75 MPa, and lost

...f many [[low impact development]] techniques used by builders to protect [[water quality]]. ...ost. Pervious concrete also naturally filters storm water and can reduce [[water pollution|pollutant]] loads entering into [[stream]]s, [[pond]]s and [[rive

...al alternative to conventional building materials. GCEB are formed using a technology developed and patented<ref>[[U.S. Patent #7,311,865]]</ref> in 2008. The ob ...es of GCEB construction are to simplify the construction process<ref>Clean Technology 2008, Chapter 3, Green Buildings and Construction</ref> while increasing th

...n the tube's contents have been moistened. Other materials needed include, water, shovels, tampers, scissors, large plugs or pipes (for windows), and small ...na architect, raised objections over economy of scale. Berman asserts that technology should be foremost in architecture and that buildings should be 'lighter, s

...an a cheap natural glue that is easy to make from common ingredients. The water and flour slurry is cooked until the gluten binds the elements of the mixtu ...rs that provide additional tensile strength as well as reduce cracking and water erosion. Different types of manure have different effects. Horse manure h

...from the soil and rock around the residence (69%), the outdoor air and the water supply (28%), and only 2.5% from all building materials-including granite c ...whose productions are all energy intensive and create significant air and water pollution. As an entirely natural product, dimension stone also has an adv

...her microscopic imperfections. It is common for quench cracks to form when water quenched, although they may not always be visible.<ref>{{cite web|title=Que ...involves heating the steel to the austenite phase, then quenching it in [[water]] or [[oil]]. This rapid cooling results in a hard and brittle martensitic

...ink chain|chains]], [[Coupling (railway)|railway couplings]], [[water pipe|water]] and steam pipes, [[Nut (hardware)|nuts]], [[Screw|bolts]], [[horseshoe]]s ...arrier by adhering next to the interface between metal and rust. From this technology recently rediscovered by metallurgists at [[IIT Kanpur]] through the study

...plaster''' is type of [[plaster]] composed of [[hydrated lime]], sand and water. Lime plaster is similar to [[Lime mortar]], the main difference is the bas ...(as opposed to [[quicklime]] or lime putty); while 'hydraulic' refers to a water resistancy characteristic of the lime.

...milar method is undertaken but with the base of the culm standing in fresh water, either in a large drum or stream to leach out sap # Water is pumped through the freshly cut culms forcing out the sap (this method is

...wth is common when using paper based plasterboard that has been exposed to water due to plumbing leaks or floods. ...s of felt paper in favor of paper-based facings. Later [[air entrainment]] technology made boards lighter and less brittle, then joint treatment materials and sy

...ain, and ideal for hot environments. A mixture of [[sand]], [[clay]], and water is poured into a mold and left in the sun to dry. When dried, it is except ...freeze/thaw cycles.<ref name=countrysidemag/> Sawdust may be combined with water and frozen to produce a material commonly known as [[pykrete]], which is st

...ammers), and if improperly protected or maintained they are susceptible to water damage. Traditionally, rammed earth buildings are found on every continent ...with increased curing time, and exposed walls should be sealed to prevent water damage.

...nchina/2005-06/28/content_70172.htm|title=Cai Lun Improved the Papermaking Technology|publisher=chinaculture.org}}</ref> === Water and soil purification ===

...door air quality. Natural building tends to rely on human labor, more than technology. As Michael G. Smith observes, it depends on "local ecology, geology and cl ...energy acquisition, on-site water capture, alternate sewage treatment and water reuse.

...[[granite]], plus a fine aggregate such as [[sand]]), [[water (properties)|water]], and [[Chemistry|chemical]] admixtures. ...reaction|chemical process]] known as [[mineral hydration|hydration]]. The water reacts with the cement, which bonds the other components together, eventual

...anhydrous cement powder is mixed with water produces hydrates that are not water-soluble. Non-hydraulic cements (e.g. lime and [[gypsum]] [[plaster]]) must ...]]) used to bind the aggregate materials of concrete. Upon the addition of water and/or additives the cement mixture is referred to as concrete, especially

...e formation. In the last decade however, advances in [[mass spectrometry]] technology have allowed the detection and quantification of minute, naturally occurrin ...e largest scale in industry are [[iron(II) sulfate]] (FeSO₄·7[[Water of crystallization|H₂O]]) and [[iron(III) chloride]] (FeCl<sub>3

...ems of [[tree]]s (and other woody plants). In a living tree it transfers [[water]] and [[nutrients]] to the [[leaves]] and other growing tissues, and has a ...pared in the leaves. However, by the time they become competent to conduct water, all xylem tracheids and vessels have lost their cytoplasm and the cells ar

...thermal properties. Aluminium powder reacts with [[calcium hydroxide]] and water to form [[hydrogen]]. The hydrogen gas foams the raw mix to double the vol ...ect working with Professor [[Henrik Kreüger]] at the [[Royal Institute of Technology]].<ref>[http://www.byggnadsvard.se/index.php?option=com_content&view=articl

...1980s. It was during this period that the company moved to acrylic coating technology (for improved chip adhesion) and launched the Colortile product on the New ...[acrylic resin]], produced in New Zealand. The coatings are water-based or water dispersed. The “chip” used to coat the textured roofing tiles is crushe

...hetner | first=D. | year=2000 | title=Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology | contribution=Triphenylmethane and related dyes | publisher=Wiley | url= h When dissolved in water the dye has a blue-violet colour with an [[absorbance]] maximum at 590&nbsp

|title = Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Elastomers, synthetic to Expert Systems ...ty of liquid ethylene oxide at 0 °C is about 5.5 times lower than that of water. The gas has a characteristic sweet odor of ether, noticeable when its conc

...tion]] methods include sealing concrete slab floors, basement foundations, water drainage systems, or by increasing ventilation.<ref>{{cite web | url = http ...dander and plant pollen. Moisture buildup inside buildings may arise from water penetrating compromised areas of the building envelope or skin, from plumbi

...work.pdf Diagnosis and Management of Work-Related Asthma.] Evidence Report/Technology Assessment number 129. Beach J, Rowe B, Blitz S, Crumley E, Hooton N, Russe ...tated at body temperature, and the pressure will have to be saturated with water vapor to get the correct values. This is because, if the spirometer is dry

...s can cause a rapid rise in temperature, resulting in explosive boiling of water. The shock wave from the explosion can subsequently cause damage relatively ...64-laser_safety_manual.pdf Laser safety manual]. [[California Institute of Technology]] (1998)</ref><ref>Kenneth Barat, [http://books.google.com/books?id=syTQL1V

...authors = Menu, Michel; Vignaud, Colette|journal = Measurement Science and Technology|volume = 14|pages = 1590–1597}}</ref>]] ...89027705006|author = United Nations Ocean Economics and Technology Office, Technology Branch, United Nations}}</ref>

...r]]'', {{lang-fa|سمندر}}) that lived in fire and died when exposed to water.<ref name="Ucalgary">{{cite web|url=http://www.iras.ucalgary.ca/~volk/sylvi *[[Eternit|Asbestos-cement]] sheets and pipes for construction, casing for water and electrical/telecommunication services

...ter, emit flammable gases are solids or liquids which, by interaction with water, are liable to become spontaneously flammable or to give off flammable gase ...= Improving Workplace Hazard Communication | journal = Issues in Science & Technology | volume = 19 | issue = 2 | page = 63}}

With the spread of [[radio]] technology, several experimental [[Radio navigation|radio based navigation aids]] were ...cratch the cockpit windows, impairing visibility. It contaminates fuel and water systems, can jam gears, and can cause a flameout of the [[jet engine|engine

Benefits of nanotechnology include improved manufacturing methods, water purification systems, energy systems, [[Human enhancement|physical enhancem ...ronmentally benign material abundance for all by providing universal clean water supplies

...ily absorbs water soluble chemical and the lypophylic material absorbs non water soluble materials. The absorbent material is then chemically or physically In the last few decades advances have being made in 'passive' badge technology. These samplers can now be purchased to measure one chemical (e.g. formald

...e ubiquitous, mold growth in an indoor environment is typically related to water or moisture indoors. Mold growth may also be caused by incomplete drying of ...mycotoxin levels are perceptibly higher in buildings that have once had a water incident (source: [[Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation|CMHC]]).

...sustained by the victim, outside temperature, and victim access to air and water, the vast majority of those affected by a disaster will die within 72 hours ...]]. The latter may include the mounting of furniture, [[refrigerator]]s, [[water heater]]s and breakables to the walls, and the addition of cabinet latches.

....1002/14356007.a03_113.pub2}}</ref> The occurrence of arsenic in drinking water is problematic in some parts of the world. ...taining mineral and ores as well as groundwater. It is also found in food, water, soil and air.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HEC/CSEM/ars

...The concentrations range in soil is between 1 and 3000&nbsp;mg/kg, in sea water 5 to 800&nbsp;µg/liter, and in rivers and lakes 26&nbsp;µg/liter to 5.2&n ...fer, California|volume = 39|issue = 15|journal = Environmental Science and Technology |year = 2005 |pages = 5505–5511|doi = 10.1021/es048835n|first = A. R.|las

...in [[zinc carbonate]]<ref>Cadmium in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1999, revision to be published 2010</ref>. ...ng regulations <ref name="ReferenceA">Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Article Cadmium</ref>. Although cadmium is toxic, one [[enzyme]], a [[carb

...m copper]]. Structurally, beryllium's very low density (1.85 times that of water), high melting point (1287 °C), high temperature stability and low coeffic ....<ref>{{cite journal|title=Determination of a trace amount of beryllium in water samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcent

...international wildfire management experts encourage further development of technology and research.<ref>{{vancite web|title=International Experts Study Ways to F ...ography]], as land shape determines factors such as available sunlight and water for plant growth. Overall, fire types can be generally characterized by the

...nd Health]] certifies respirators through the National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory to ensure that they protect workers and the public from harmful ...S6792/presentations/aerosol_effects.ppt Pollutants and Their Effect on the Water and Radiation Budgets]</ref> and major increases since 1967 in rainfall ove

...e resource]] (e.g., [[petroleum]], [[natural gas]], or even [[fossil water|water]]). ...ge volumes of water brought to the minehead by numerous [[aqueduct]]s. The water was used for a variety of purposes, including using it to remove overburden

...els with increased combustion of plastic waste (such as discarded drinking water bottles) and if the combustion is not at high incinerator temperatures. Ine [[Category:Waste treatment technology]]

...[[lead acetate|acetate]] solutions. These salts are all poorly soluble in water. Among the halides, the iodide is less soluble than the bromide, which, in ...Database and Plotting Software|year=2004|publisher=KTH Royal Institute of Technology|url=http://www.kemi.kth.se/medusa/}}</ref>]]

# Water and Environmental Technology ...many federal, state, and municipal government regulations. The [[National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act]], passed in 1995, requires the federal govern

...em to detect threats to health and safety; access to bathrooms and potable water. ...ringing order to cyberspace. Business must take the lead in ensuring that technology does not split the world into haves and have nots."

...ons are modified through international agreement among many nations as the technology of measurement progresses, and as the precision of measurements improves. ...publication 811), Gaithersburg, MD: [[National Institute of Standards and Technology]], p.&nbsp;3, footnote&nbsp;2.</ref> The coherent SI derived unit of resist

...ll other industries began soon thereafter. Additionally, the conversion to water based inks, paints, coatings, adhesives and other solutions used in all man

...used to indirectly measure other variables such as fluid/gas flow, speed, water level, and altitude. Pressure sensors can alternatively be called '''pressu Pressure sensors can vary drastically in technology, design, performance, application suitability and cost. A conservative esti

...where as the monohydrate forms when citric acid is crystallized from cold water. The monohydrate can be converted to the anhydrous form by heating above 7 ...t decomposes through the loss of [[carbon dioxide]] and [[water (molecule)|water]]. Citric acid leaves a white crystalline precipitate.

...her names, see Table) is a [[polyamino carboxylic acid]] and a colourless, water-soluble solid. Its [[conjugate base]] is named '''ethylenediaminetetraaceta ...n-coordinate complexes, or (ii) the displacement of one carboxylate arm by water. Early work on the development of EDTA was undertaken by [[Gerold Schwarze

Some values for ''k''_H for gases dissolved in [[water (molecule)|water]] at 298&nbsp;[[kelvin|K]] include: |+ '''Table 1: Some forms of Henry's law and constants (gases in water at 298 K), derived from <ref name="multiple"/>

...in it, which binds away many of these rare hydrogen ions. Hydrogen ions in water can be written simply as H⁺ or as [[hydronium]] (H₃O< Pure water is said to be neutral, with a pH close to 7.0 at {{convert|25|°C|°F|abbr=

...g problems posed by the use of large-scale, continuous-flow, high-pressure technology. ...ergy than the process used initially by Bosch at BASF, the electrolysis of water. Far less commonly, in some countries like [[People's Republic of China|Chi

...tion of a ligand to a central atom|the sense of touch in technology|Haptic technology}} **K[PtCl₃(η²-C₂H₄)]^.[[Water of crystallization|H₂O]]

...a]], a scientific property that makes chemicals averse to interaction with water. * [[Technophobia]] – fear of [[technology]] (see also [[Luddite]]).

* [[Roy Amara|Amara's law]] — "We tend to overestimate the effect of a technology in the short run and underestimate the effect in the long run." ** Third law: Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.

...ding demonstration of the possibilities of transport by land, sea, air, or water. | "Outstanding achievements in computer-related science and technology"

*[[Pythiosis]] is a disease cause by a [[water mould]] of the genus ''[[Pythium]]'', ''[[Pythium insidiosum|P. insidiosum] ...itle = Cataract Surgery in Dogs | work = Ophthalmology: Special Services , Technology & Information | publisher = NC State College of Veterinary Medicine | url =

...ogical weapons]]), or be any illness that came forth from the (ab)use of [[technology]].[[Image:Masque of the Red Death (screenshot).jpg|thumb|360px|right|<cente |Disease caused from drinking poisoned water. Animals who have it will have pain, blurry sight and some will eventually

...|title=Phosphate metabolism |journal=McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology |volume=13 |edition=9th |pages=343–4 }}</ref> Only about 0.1% of body pho ...ver, a cell is about twice as dense as liquid water, then perhaps only 50% water yielding 5 x 10^-3 for phosphate concentration. As computer simul

...[[herbal remedy|herbs]], usually in a mixture with other natural products. Technology invented specifically for electroanalgesia emerged at the beginning of the ==Technology==

...other [[fatty acid]]s, such as producing an oily layer when salted out of water and having a [[soap]]y [[potassium]] salt. ...arger [[fatty acid]]s. It is miscible with water, but can be removed from water by adding salt. As with acetic and formic acids, it consists of [[hydrogen

...such as the top (or neck) of a plastic or glass bottle or a gallon of milk/water. <ref name="streetdrugs">"Understanding street drugs: a handbook of substan ...ciety and the Academy of Medical Science to the House of Lords Science and Technology Select Committee, 1998, Pg 8</ref>

...74). ''Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology; Part 2, Spagyrical Discovery and Invention: Magisteries of Gold and Immort ...80). ''Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology; Part 4, Spagyrical Discovery and Invention''. Cambridge University Press,

...on of buprenorphine (Probuphine), using a polymer matrix sustained-release technology, has been developed to offer treatment for opioid dependence while minimizi ...ped using Biodelivery Sciences FDA Approved BEMA (BioErodible MucoAdhesive)technology and will be developed both for acute pain conditions such as postoperative

...ense liquid, and "Disket" which is a tablet designed to disperse itself in water for oral administration, used in a similar fashion to [[Alka-Seltzer]]. The ...id dependence: a systematic review and economic evaluation |journal=Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) |volume=11 |issue=9 |pages=1–171, iii–

...ops]] and [[spice]]s. It has also been used for drying out the last bit of water for production of 100% ethanol. ...d [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] in populations exposed to TCE in their drinking water.<ref>New Jersey Department of Health, Environmental Health Services, Trento

...[Harold Eugene Edgerton|Harold Edgerton]] began exploring [[strobe light]] technology for [[high speed photography]]. This led him to the invention of the xenon |work=Encyclopedia of Laser Physics and Technology

...general anesthetic]]. Ether is sparingly [[soluble]] in [[Water (molecule)|water]] (6.9 g/100 mL). | encyclopedia =Kirk‑Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

...n study.|volume=38|issue=24|pages=6605–9|journal=Environmental science & technology}}</ref>

...re tufts of goat hair on your hat, the wealthier you are considered to be. Technology helping, this tradition ended with the appearance of cheap goat hair imitat * Water and lemonade: 909,765½ litres

In 1971, he moved to a remote cabin without electricity or running water, in [[Lincoln, Montana]], where he lived as a [[recluse]] while learning [[ ...living|simple life]] on very little money, without electricity or running water. Kaczynski worked odd jobs and received financial support from his family,

...tapping|interception of communications]], and the tracing of persons. New technology has, however, expanded the range of [[Manhunt (Military)|military]] and [[m This can take many forms including the provision of clean drinking water, education, vaccination programs, provision of food and shelter and protect

...er/fbisecretlyrecreate.html</ref> In October 2006 it was reported that the water used to process the anthrax spores came from a source in the northeastern U ...ts that the senate anthrax "was a diabolical advance in biological weapons technology." The article describes "a technique used to anchor silica nanoparticles t

...checkpoints, and lighting, as well as authorizes DHS to increase advanced technology like cameras and satellites.<ref>The White House. Office of the Press Secre ...n with tactical infrastructure, where Border Patrol deems necessary. Some technology currently used includes unattended ground sensors, truck-mounted mobile sur

...nation of articles can be accomplished by boiling contaminated articles in water for 30 minutes or longer. Chlorine bleach is ineffective in destroying spor ...culate air (HEPA) filter, is recommended.<ref>National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory [http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/default.html Respirators]. Natio

...r is a process of transforming a fat-in-water [[emulsion]] ([[milk]]) to a water-in-fat emulsion ([[butter]]). Whole milk is a dilute emulsion of tiny fat g ...on. Working the butter also creates its desired smoothness. Eventually the water droplets become so finely dispersed in the fat that butter’s texture seem

...tter and allowing the different components to separate by [[density]]. The water evaporates, some solids float to the surface and are skimmed off, and the r ...}</ref><ref>Walstra, P. Wouters, J. Geurts, T. (2006). ''Dairy Science and Technology'', CRC Press - Taylor and Francis Group</ref>

...aking, sauce making, and pan [[frying]]. Butter consists of [[butterfat]], water and milk [[protein]]s. ...er-in-oil [[emulsion]] resulting from an inversion of the cream, an oil-in-water emulsion; the milk proteins are the emulsifiers. Butter remains a solid whe

...ilk...";<ref>{{cite book | author=Humphrey, John W | title=Greek and Roman Technology: A Sourcebook | publisher=Routledge | isbn = 0-415-06137-7 | pages=131}}</r ...avoided the consumption of [[water-borne diseases|potentially contaminated water]]. ''Kumis'' can, however, be strengthened through [[freeze distillation]]

...as '''sweetened condensed milk''', is [[Milk#Cow|cow's milk]] from which [[water]] has been removed and to which [[sugar]] has been added, yielding a very t ...p;kg) of milk paste was carried by each man who would mix the product with water. However, this probably refers to the soft Tartar curd which can be made in

...chuman"/> These complex formulas recommended that parents mix cow's milk, water, cream, and sugar or honey in specific ratios to achieve the nutritional ba ...lity rates among infants fed formula prepared with contaminated (drinking) water.<ref name = "Solomon">{{cite news| last = Solomon| first = Stephen| coautho

...er, which are boiled in water. The mix is then frozen, and mixed with rose water and lemons, before serving. ...illed with syrup, for, in the same way as salt raises the boiling-point of water, it lowers the freezing-point to below zero."<ref>{{cite book |first=Maguel

...so be extracted from plants by [[solvation|dissolving]] parts of plants in water or another [[solvent]]. The solution may be separated from the plant materi ...lgaculture|Algae oil]], recently developed by [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] [[scientist]] Isaac Berzin. Byproduct of a [[Chimney|smokestack]] [[A

...es used large slabs of rock to crush [[hickory nut]]s, then boiled them in water to extract the oil.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stonepages.com/news/archi ...by heating under a near-perfect [[vacuum]] and [[#Sparging|sparged]] with water. The condensate is further processed to become vitamin E food supplement, w

|water= ..., the fat is exposed to high heat in a pan or oven without the presence of water (a process similar to frying bacon). The two processes yield somewhat diffe

...butter both consist of a water-in-oil [[emulsion]], with tiny droplets of water (minimum 16% of total emulsion content by weight) measuring 10-80 microns i ...m the legal definition for butter&nbsp;— both contained a minimum of 16% water and a minimum fat content of 80%. This was adopted by all major producers a

...a [[watch]] and usually using the same, [[Mass production|mass-produced]], technology. *[[Water clock]]

...te= |accessdate=September 13, 2011}}</ref> Honeywell established Honeywell Technology Solutions at Bangalore, India in 2002. ...h and global expansion that set the stage for Honeywell to become a global technology leader.

...'' ('''SMD'''). In the industry it has largely replaced the [[through-hole technology]] construction method of fitting components with wire leads into holes in t ...became widely used in the late 1980s. Much of the pioneering work in this technology was by [[IBM]]. The design approach first demonstrated by IBM in 1960 in th

...ing tasks and are often still the norm at higher frequencies where digital technology is still impractical, or at least, less cost effective. Wherever possible, ...arliest ideas for filters were acoustic resonators because the electronics technology was poorly understood at the time. In principle, the design of such filters

| title = The Evolution of Technology | isbn = 1556527748}}</ref> as a way of learning about the technology of radio. Today they are still sold as educational devices, and there are

...lyzed level as a continuous analog signal or switch output signals. In TDR technology, the impulse velocity is primarily affected by the permittivity of the medi ...re is a strong relationship between the permittivity of a material and its water content, as demonstrated in the pioneering works of Hoekstra and Delaney (1

...hp |website=Canada Aviation and Space Museum |publisher=Canada Science and Technology Museums Corporation |accessdate=16 December 2016}}</ref> ...le=Avro Anson G-APHV |url=http://www.nms.ac.uk/explore/stories/science-and-technology/avro-anson |website=National Museums Scotland |publisher=National Museums S