Difference between revisions of "Ranitidine"
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| − | Ranitidine was introduced in 1981 and was the world's biggest-selling prescription drug by 1988. It has since largely been superseded by the even more effective [[proton pump inhibitor]]s, with [[omeprazole]] becoming the biggest-selling drug for many years. When omeprazole and ranitidine were compared in a study of 144 people with severe inflammation and erosions or ulcers of the esophagus, 85% to those treated with omeprazole healed within eight weeks, compared to 50% of those given ranitidine. In addition, the omeprazole group reported earlier relief of heart burn symptoms.<ref>Pelot, Daniel, (M.D.). "''Digestive System : New Drug for Heartburn''". The New Book of Knowledge : Medicine & Health, Grolier : Danbury, Connecticut. 1990. p.262. ISBN 0-7172-8244-9. Library of Congress 82-645223 | + | Ranitidine was introduced in 1981 and was the world's biggest-selling prescription drug by 1988. It has since largely been superseded by the even more effective [[proton pump inhibitor]]s, with [[omeprazole]] becoming the biggest-selling drug for many years. When omeprazole and ranitidine were compared in a study of 144 people with severe inflammation and erosions or ulcers of the esophagus, 85% to those treated with omeprazole healed within eight weeks, compared to 50% of those given ranitidine. In addition, the omeprazole group reported earlier relief of heart burn symptoms.<ref>Pelot, Daniel, (M.D.). "''Digestive System : New Drug for Heartburn''". The New Book of Knowledge : Medicine & Health, Grolier : Danbury, Connecticut. 1990. p.262. ISBN 0-7172-8244-9. Library of Congress 82-645223</ref> |
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | [[Image:Zantac | + | [[Image:Zantac.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Zantac 300 mg tablets ([[Australia|AU]])]] |
| + | {{Refimprove|date=August 2010}} | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| − | *[http://www.gsk.com.au/products_consumer-healthcare-products_product-listing.aspx?view=52 | + | *[http://www.gsk.com.au/products_consumer-healthcare-products_product-listing.aspx?view=52 Consumer information on Zantac from the manufacturer] |
*[http://www.gsk.com/products/prescription-medicines/zantac.htm Zantac official website] [[GlaxoSmithKline]] | *[http://www.gsk.com/products/prescription-medicines/zantac.htm Zantac official website] [[GlaxoSmithKline]] | ||
*[http://www.zantacotc.com/ Zantac OTC official website] [[Boehringer Ingelheim]] | *[http://www.zantacotc.com/ Zantac OTC official website] [[Boehringer Ingelheim]] | ||
Revision as of 01:17, 27 September 2010
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
|---|---|
|
N-(2-[(5-(dimethylaminomethyl)furan- 2-yl)methylthio]ethyl)- N-methyl- 2-nitroethene- 1,1-diamine | |
| Clinical data | |
| [[Regulation of therapeutic goods |Template:Engvar data]] |
|
| Pregnancy category | |
| Routes of administration | Oral, IV |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 39 to 88% |
| Protein binding | 15% |
| Metabolism | Hepatic |
| Biological half-life | 2–3 hours |
| Excretion | 30–70% Renal |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 66357-35-5 |
| ATC code | A02BA02 (WHO) |
| PubChem | CID 3001055 |
| DrugBank | APRD00254 |
| ChemSpider | 571454 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C13H22N4O3S |
| Molar mass | 314.4 g/mol[[Script error: No such module "String".]] |
| (verify) | |
Ranitidine hydrochloride (pronounced /rəˈnɪtɨdiːn/; brand names Zinetac or Zantac) is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits stomach acid production. It is commonly used in treatment of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Ranitidine is also used alongside fexofenadine and other antihistamines for the treatment of skin conditions such as hives.
Clinical use
Certain preparations of ranitidine are available over the counter (OTC) in various countries. In the United States, 75 mg and 150 mg tablets are available OTC. Zantac OTC is manufactured by Boehringer Ingelheim. In Australia, packs containing 7 or 14 doses of the 150 mg tablet are available in supermarkets, small packs of 150 mg and 300 mg tablets are Schedule 2 Pharmacy Medicines. Larger doses and pack sizes still require a prescription.
Outside of the United States, ranitidine is combined with bismuth (which acts as a mild antibiotic) as a citrate salt (ranitidine bismuth citrate, Tritec), to treat Helicobacter pylori infections. This combination is usually given with clarithromycin, an antibiotic.
History and development
Ranitidine was developed by Glaxo in an effort to match the success of Smith, Kline & French (prior to the merger of the two companies into GlaxoSmithKline) with the first histamine H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine. Ranitidine was the result of a rational drug-design process using what was by then a fairly refined model of the histamine H2-receptor and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR).
Glaxo refined the model further by replacing the imidazole-ring of cimetidine with a furan-ring with a nitrogen-containing substituent, and in doing so developed ranitidine. Ranitidine was found to have a far-improved tolerability profile (i.e. fewer adverse drug reactions), longer-lasting action, and ten times the activity of cimetidine. Ranitidine has 10% the affinity that cimetidine has to CYP450 so it causes fewer side effects, but other H2 blockers famotidine and nizatidine have no CYP450 significant interactions.[1]
Ranitidine was introduced in 1981 and was the world's biggest-selling prescription drug by 1988. It has since largely been superseded by the even more effective proton pump inhibitors, with omeprazole becoming the biggest-selling drug for many years. When omeprazole and ranitidine were compared in a study of 144 people with severe inflammation and erosions or ulcers of the esophagus, 85% to those treated with omeprazole healed within eight weeks, compared to 50% of those given ranitidine. In addition, the omeprazole group reported earlier relief of heart burn symptoms.[2]
References
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2010) |
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- Consumer information on Zantac from the manufacturer
- Zantac official website GlaxoSmithKline
- Zantac OTC official website Boehringer Ingelheim
de:Ranitidin es:Ranitidina fa:رانیتیدین hr:Ranitidin it:Ranitidina ka:რანიტიდინი hu:Ranitidin nl:Ranitidine ps:رانيتيدين pl:Ranitydyna pt:Ranitidina ru:Ранитидин sr:Ranitidin th:แรนิทิดีน ur:رانیٹیڈین
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- ↑ Pelot, Daniel, (M.D.). "Digestive System : New Drug for Heartburn". The New Book of Knowledge : Medicine & Health, Grolier : Danbury, Connecticut. 1990. p.262. ISBN 0-7172-8244-9. Library of Congress 82-645223
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