Antiparasitic

From Self-sufficiency

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Antiparasitics are a class of medications which are indicated for the treatment of parasitic diseases such as nematodes, cestodes, trematodes, infectious protozoa, and amoebas.

1 Antinematodes
2 Anticestodes
3 Antitrematodes
4 Antiamoebics
5 Antiprotozoals
6 See also

Antinematodes

File:Hookworms.JPG

Ancylostoma caninum, a type of hookworm, attached to the intestinal mucosa.

Mebendazole (for most nematode infections)
Pyrantel pamoate (for most nematode infections)
Thiabendazole (for roundworm infections)
Diethylcarbamazine (for treatment of Lymphatic filariasis)
Ivermectin (for prevention of river blindness)

Anticestodes

Niclosamide (for tapeworm infections)
Praziquantel (for tapeworm infections)
Albendazole (broad spectrum)

Antitrematodes

Praziquantel

Antiamoebics

Antiprotozoals

Melarsoprol (for treatment of sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei)
Eflornithine (for sleeping sickness)
Metronidazole (for vaginitis caused by Trichomonas)
Tinidazole (for intestinal infections caused by Giardia)

v t e Pharmacology: major drug groups
Gastrointestinal tract/metabolism (A)	stomach acid (Antacids, H₂ antagonists, Proton pump inhibitors) • Antiemetics • Laxatives • Antidiarrhoeals/Antipropulsives • Anti-obesity drugs • Anti-diabetics • Vitamins • Dietary minerals
Blood and blood forming organs (B)	Antithrombotics (Antiplatelets, Anticoagulants, Thrombolytics/fibrinolytics) • Antihemorrhagics (Platelets, Coagulants, Antifibrinolytics)
Cardiovascular system (C)	cardiac therapy/antianginals (Cardiac glycosides, Antiarrhythmics, Cardiac stimulants) Antihypertensives • Diuretics • Vasodilators • Beta blockers • Calcium channel blockers • renin-angiotensin system (ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor antagonists, Renin inhibitors) Antihyperlipidemics (Statins, Fibrates, Bile acid sequestrants)
Skin (D)	Emollients • Cicatrizants • Antipruritics • Antipsoriatics • Medicated dressings
Genitourinary system (G)	Hormonal contraception • Fertility agents • SERMs • Sex hormones
Endocrine system (H)	Hypothalamic-pituitary hormones • Corticosteroids (Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids) • Sex hormones • Thyroid hormones/Antithyroid agents
Infections and infestations (J, P, QI)	Antibiotics (Antimycobacterials) • Antifungals • Antivirals • Antiparasitics (Antiprotozoals, Anthelmintics) • Ectoparasiticides • Intravenous immunoglobulin • Vaccines
Malignant disease (L01-L02)	Anticancer agents (Antimetabolites, Alkylating, Spindle poisons, Antineoplastic, Topoisomerase inhibitors)
Immune disease (L03-L04)	Immunomodulators (Immunostimulants, Immunosuppressants)
Muscles, bones, and joints (M)	Anabolic steroids • Anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) • Antirheumatics • Corticosteroids • Muscle relaxants • Bisphosphonates
Brain and nervous system (N)	Analgesics • Anesthetics (General, Local) • Anorectics • Anti-ADHD Agents • Antiaddictives • Anticonvulsants • Antidementia Agents • Antidepressants • Antimigraine Agents • Antiparkinson's Agents • Antipsychotics • Anxiolytics • Depressants • Entactogens • Entheogens • Euphoriants • Hallucinogens (Psychedelics, Dissociatives, Deliriants) • Hypnotics/Sedatives • Mood Stabilizers • Neuroprotectives • Nootropics • Neurotoxins • Orexigenics • Serenics • Stimulants • Wakefulness-Promoting Agents
Respiratory system (R)	Decongestants • Bronchodilators • Cough medicines • H₁ antagonists
Sensory organs (S)	Ophthalmologicals • Otologicals
Other ATC (V)	Antidotes • Contrast media • Radiopharmaceuticals • Dressings

Antiparasitics – antiprotozoal agents – Excavata antiparasitics (P01)

Discicristata

Trypanosomiasis	African trypanosomiasis: ornithine (Eflornithine^#) · arsenical (Melarsoprol^#) · benzamidine (Pentamidine^#) · naphthalenesulfonate (Suramin^#) Chagas disease: nitroimidazole (Benznidazole^#) · nitrofuran (Nifurtimox^#)
Leishmaniasis	macrolide (Amphotericin B^#) Pentavalent antimonials (Meglumine antimoniate^#, Sodium stibogluconate) benzamidine (Pentamidine^#) · phosphorylcholine (Miltefosine) · neomycin (Paromomycin)
PAM	macrolide (Amphotericin B)

Trichozoa

Giardiasis	nitroimidazole (Metronidazole^#, Tinidazole) · benzimidazole (Albendazole) thiazole (Nitazoxanide) · nitrofuran (Furazolidone) aminoacridine (Quinacrine)
Trichomoniasis	nitroimidazole (Metronidazole^#, Tinidazole)
Dientamoebiasis	nitroimidazole (Metronidazole, Secnidazole) oxyquinoline (Iodoquinol) · tetracycline (Doxycycline) · neomycin (Paromomycin)

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

M: PRO

ambz, excv, chrm (strc)

ambz, excv, chrm

Antiparasitics – antiprotozoal agents – Chromalveolate antiparasitics (P01)

Alveo-
late

Apicom-
plexa

Conoidasida/
(Coccidiostats)

Cryptosporidiosis	thiazole (Nitazoxanide)
Isosporiasis	Co-trimoxazole^#
Toxoplasmosis	Pyrimethamine • Sulfadiazine

Aconoidasida

Malaria

Individual
agents

Hemozoin
inhibitors

Aminoquinolines	(4-): Amodiaquine^# • Chloroquine^# (8-): Primaquine^# • Pamaquine
4-methanolquinolines	Mefloquine^#• Quinine^# • Quinidine
Other	Lumefantrine (combined with artemether as Coartem) Halofantrine

Antifolates

DHFR inhibitors (antifols)	2,4-Diaminopyrimidines (Pyrimethamine) biguanides (Proguanil^# • Chlorproguanil)
Sulfonamides	Sulfadoxine • Sulfalene
Combination	Fansidar^# (pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine)

Sesquiterpene
lactones

Artemether^# • Artesunate^#• Dihydroartemisinin •
Arteether/Artemotil • Artemisinin

Other

Atovaquone (always combined with proguanil as Malarone)
Tetracycline • Doxycycline^#
Clindamycin

Combi-
nations

Fixed-dose (coformulated) ACTs	Coartem^# • ASAQ (Coarsucam) • ASMQ • Duo-Cotecxin (Artekin) • Pyramax
Combination therapies (not co-formulated)	Quinine/tetracycline • Quinine/clindamycin • Artequin • Ariplus • Co-Arinate • CDA

Babesiosis

Clindamycin

Cilio-
phora

Balantidiasis: Tetracycline

Hetero-
kont

Blastocystosis: Metronidazole

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

M: PRO

ambz, excv, chrm (strc)

ambz, excv, chrm

Antiparasitics – antiprotozoal agents – agents against amoebozoa/amebicide (P01)

Entamoeba

Tissue amebicides

Nitroimidazole derivatives	Metronidazole^# · Tinidazole · Ornidazole · Nimorazole · Secnidazole · Azanidazole · Propenidazole
Other	isoquinoline (Emetine/Dehydroemetine)

Luminal amebicides

Hydroxyquinoline derivatives	Cl (Chlorquinaldol) · Br (Tilbroquinol, Broxyquinoline) · I (Diiodohydroxyquinoline) · I,Cl (Clioquinol) related: Chiniofon
Dichloroacetamide derivatives	Diloxanide^# · Clefamide · Etofamide · Teclozan
Aminoglycoside	Paromomycin

Other/ungrouped

arsenic (Arsthinol, Difetarsone, Glycobiarsol) · phenanthroline (Phanquinone) · aminoacridine (Mepacrine) · quinazoline (Trimetrexate) · thiazole (Tenonitrozole) · sesquiterpene (Fumagillin)

Acanthamoeba

Propamidine · Chlorhexidine

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

M: PRO

ambz, excv, chrm (strc)

ambz, excv, chrm

Antiparasitics – Anthelmintics (P02)

Antiplatyhelmintic agents

Antitrematodals
(schistosomicides)

Binds tubulin	benzimidazole (Triclabendazole^#)
AI	phosphonic acid (Metrifonate)
Other/unknown	quinoline (Praziquantel^#, Oxamniquine^#) · phenol (Bithionol) · thiazole (Niridazole) · arylsulfonate (Stibophen)

Anticestodals
(taeniacides)

Binds tubulin	benzimidazole (Albendazole^#)
Other/unknown	salicylanilide (Niclosamide)^# · aminoacridine (Quinacrine) · butyrophenone (Desaspidin) · chlorophenol (Dichlorophen)

Antinematodal agents
(including
macrofilaricides)

Binds tubulin	benzimidazole (Mebendazole^#, Albendazole^#, Thiabendazole, Fenbendazole, Ciclobendazole, Flubendazole)
Chloride channel	macrolide (Ivermectin^#)
NMDA	tetrahydropyrimidine (Pyrantel^#, Pyrantel pamoate, Oxantel)
Other/unknown	piperazine (Piperazine · Diethylcarbamazine^#) · thiazole (Levamisole^#) · quinolinium (Pyrvinium) · benzylammonium (Bephenium) · naphthalenesulfonate (Suramin^#) · Tribendimidine