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|Ship class=[[Casco class cutter|''Casco''-class]] [[United States Coast Guard Cutter|cutter]] ...EC-379, was a [[United States Coast Guard]] [[Casco class cutter|''Casco''-class]] [[United States Coast Guard Cutter|cutter]] in commission from 1949 to 19

...ylurea]]s, closely related to [[sulfa]] drugs. It was developed in 1966 in a cooperative study between [[Boehringer Mannheim]] (now part of Roche) and [ ...de improves outcome in animal stroke models by preventing brain swelling. A retrospective study showed that in type 2 diabetic patients already taking

| pregnancy_AU = A ...ng and pain from skin inflammations, injected as a dental anesthetic or as a local anesthetic for minor surgery.

...trimethyl-6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17- dodecahydro-3''H''-cyclopenta[''a'']phenanthren-3-one ...s a potent synthetic member of the [[glucocorticoid]] class of [[steroid]] drugs. It acts as an [[anti-inflammatory]] and [[immunosuppressive drug|immunosup

| legal_UK = Class B ...e|INN]]) or '''phenobarbitone''' (former [[British Approved Name|BAN]]) is a [[barbiturate]], first marketed as '''Luminal''' by [[Bayer|Friedr. Bayer e

'''Phenytoin sodium''' is a commonly used [[antiepileptic]]. Phenytoin (fen-i-TOE-in) acts to suppress It is sometimes considered a [[Antiarrhythmic_agent#Class_I_agents|class 1b antiarrhythmic]].<ref name="pmid15331289">{{cite journal |author=Balaji

...rst discovered at the SmithKline Animal Health Laboratories in 1972. It is a broad spectrum anthelmintic, effective against: roundworms, tapeworms, and As a vermicidal, albendazole causes degenerative alterations in the [[tegument]]

...gamisol''') is an [[anthelminthic]] and [[immunomodulator]] belonging to a class of synthetic [[imidazothiazole]] derivatives. It was discovered at [[Jansse Currently, levamisole remains in [[veterinary medicine|veterinary]] use as a [[dewormer]] for livestock. The medication has also been increasingly used

| pregnancy_category = C (systemic), A (topical) ...ry Name|INN]]) is a [[bacteriostatic]] [[antimicrobial]]. It is considered a prototypical [[broad-spectrum antibiotic]], alongside the [[Tetracycline an

...ref>{{cite journal|author=Sensi P, Margalith P, Timbal MT|title=Rifomycin, a new antibiotic—preliminary report|journal=Farmaco Ed Sci|year=1959|volume ...f attempts in order to obtain more stable semi-synthetic products, in 1959 a new molecule with high efficacy and good tolerability was produced and was

...obacteria|actinobacterium]] ''[[Streptomyces griseus]]''. Streptomycin is a bactericidal antibiotic<ref name="Singh1954"> Streptomycin is a [[protein synthesis inhibitor]]. It binds to the S12 Protein of the 30S sub

...icial and systemic fungal infections. In a bulk powder form, it appears as a white crystalline powder, and it is very slightly soluble in water and solu ...ociated variations in biological effect.{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} A number of related compounds were found to be extremely potent [[teratogens]

...ted by [[Gilead Sciences]] under the trade name '''Viread''', belongs to a class of [[antiretroviral drug]]s known as nucleotide analogue [[reverse transcri ...], was approved by the FDA on 12 July 2006 and is now available, providing a single daily dose for the treatment of HIV.

...[Antiretroviral drug|antiretroviral therapy]] (HAART) for the treatment of a human immunodeficiency virus ([[HIV]]) type 1. ...hylaxis]] regimen to reduce the risk of HIV infection in people exposed to a significant risk (e.g. needlestick injuries, certain types of unprotected s

...arketed under the trade name '''Viramune''' ([[Boehringer Ingelheim]]), is a non-nucleoside [[reverse transcriptase inhibitor]] (NNRTI) used to treat [[ ...TIs, which bind at the enzyme's active site, NNRTIs bind allosterically at a distinct site away from the active site termed the NNRTI pocket.

...roviral)|co-formulation]] with a sub-therapeutic dose of [[ritonavir]], as a component of combination therapy to treat [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]]. The Kaletra for ...ormulation]] with ritonavir. It is the first multi-drug capsule to contain a drug not available individually.

...l drug]] from the [[protease inhibitor (pharmacology)|protease inhibitor]] class used to treat [[HIV]] infection and [[AIDS]]. ...ors. This inhibition leads to higher plasma concentrations of these latter drugs, allowing the clinician to lower their dose and frequency and improving the

| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> ...b]]'s [[efavirenz]] into a fixed-dose pill. Combining the three drugs into a single, once-daily pill reduces [[pill burden]] and simplifies dosing sched

...like other PIs is generally used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs. Nelfinavir mesylate (Viracept, formally AG1343) is a potent and orally bioavailable human immunodeficiency virus [[HIV-1 proteas

| legal_NZ = Class C | legal_SG = Class B

| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> | pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X -->

...ong&pmid=3777908 |doi=10.1128/AAC. |first1=GL |first2=HC |first3=K |first4=A |first5=J |first6=J |issn=0066-4804}}</ref> ...bacter species and the withdrawal of fluoroquinolones from use in poultry: a public health success story. | journal = Clin Infect Dis | volume = 44 | is

...ines|Essential Drugs List]]", which is a list of minimum medical needs for a basic healthcare system.<ref name="essentialWHO">{{cite web ...whereas benzodiazepines acting on the benzodiazepine site on the GABA_A receptor increase the opening frequency of the chloride ion channel.

...emperature it appears as a solid, odorless, dark green powder, that yields a blue solution when dissolved in [[water (molecule)|water]]. The hydrated fo ...V, Marley J, McCarroll C |title=Prilocaine induced methaemoglobinaemia in a medically compromised patient. Was this an inevitable consequence of the do

...s '''Glucophage''') is an oral [[anti-diabetic drug]] in the [[biguanide]] class. It is the [[first-line treatment|first-line]] drug of choice for the treat ...ctic acidosis]] (a buildup of [[lactic acid|lactate]] in the blood) can be a serious concern in [[overdose]] and when it is prescribed to people with [[

...[antidepressant]] of the [[selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor]] (SSRI) class. It is manufactured and marketed by [[Eli Lilly and Company]]. ...com/drugtopics/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=491207 | title = Top 200 Brand Drugs by Units in 2007| accessdate = 2008-03-30 | author = Verispan|date = 2008-0

...ical class]] used medically as an [[antihistamine]] [[antiemetic]]. It has a strong [[sedative]] effect and in some countries is prescribed for insomnia ...Promethazine is a [[chirality_(chemistry)|chiral]] compound, occurring as a mixture of enantiomers (pictured).<ref name="rxlistone">http://www.rxlist.c

...sɪlɨk}} {{respell|ə|SET|əl-sal-i|SIL|ik}}, abbreviated '''ASA'''), is a [[salicylate]] [[medication|drug]], often used as an [[analgesic]] to relie ...under normal circumstances binds [[platelet]] molecules together to create a patch over damage of the walls within blood vessels. Because the platelet p

...leate]]) is a long-acting [[calcium channel blocker]] ([[dihydropyridine]] class) used as an [[anti-hypertensive]] and in the treatment of [[Angina pectoris ...association and dissociation with the receptor binding site, resulting in a gradual onset of effect.

...[[cardiovascular disease]]s. Introduced in 1976, atenolol was developed as a replacement for [[propranolol]] in the treatment of [[hypertension]]. The ...fourth-line, as they perform less appropriately or effectively than newer drugs, particularly in the elderly. Some evidence suggests that even in normal do

...urine)<ref>{{cite journal |author=Beermann B, Groschinsky-Grind M, Rosén A.|title=Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of hydrochlorothiazide |journa ...stance]]. Hydrochlorothiazide is sold both as a [[generic drug]] and under a large number of brand names, including '''Apo-Hydro''', '''Aquazide H''', '

...revent [[cardiovascular disease]]. Simvastatin is a synthetic derivate of a fermentation product of ''[[Aspergillus terreus]]''. ...te in cholesterol biosynthesis. In 1959, the [[HMG-CoA reductase]] enzyme (a major contributor of internal cholesterol production) was discovered by res

...and is only available for administration by injection. It belongs to the class of medicines known as the [[pentavalent antimonial]]s. Sodium stiboglucona ...y for ease of administration. It is available in the [[United States]] on a named-patient basis from the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]

...'''Spiractin''', '''Spirotone''', '''Verospiron''' or '''Berlactone''') is a [[diuretic]] and is used as an [[antiandrogen]]. ...treating [[Alopecia|hair loss]] and [[acne]] in women, and can be used as a [[topical]] medication for treatment of male [[baldness]]. It is commonly u

| pregnancy_category = A <small>([[Australia|Au]])</small>, B <small>([[United States|U.S.]])</small ...itate [[gastric]] emptying in patients with [[gastroparesis]]. It is also a primary treatment for [[migraine]] headaches.

...ines|Essential Drugs List]]", which is a list of minimum medical needs for a basic health care system.<ref name="essentialWHO">{{Cite web ...and in the United States in 1974. Dr. Adams initially tested his drug on a [[hangover]]. He was subsequently awarded an [[Order of the British Empire

|pregnancy_AU = A ...te=November 2009}}</ref> Chemically, epinephrine is a [[catecholamine]], a [[monoamine]] produced only by the [[adrenal gland]]s from the [[amino acid

...t of [[Piston engine|engines]]. At elevated temperatures, nitrous oxide is a powerful oxidizer similar to molecular oxygen. ...is also a major [[greenhouse gas]] and [[air pollutant]]. Considered over a 100 year period, it has 298 times more impact per unit weight than [[carbon

| legal_UK = [[Class A]] ...7, and first commercially sold by [[Merck]] in 1827, which at the time was a single small chemists' shop. It was more widely used after the invention o

...124v | title = Solubility of Paracetamol in Pure Solvents | author = Roger A. Granberg and Åke C. Rasmuson | url = http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ | pregnancy_AU = A

...system]] depression.<ref name="Riss-2008"/> Diazepam has also been used as a recreational drug. ...ude [[drug tolerance|tolerance]], [[benzodiazepine dependence]] as well as a [[benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome]] upon dose reduction; additionally af

| pregnancy_AU = A ...ollowing oral administration, than other β-lactam antibiotics. It is also a treatment for cystic acne.<ref>{{cite web | title = Adolescent Acne: Manage

...semblance to other members in the family Apiaceae and may be confused with a number of other edible and poisonous plants. The common name hemlock may al ...iple along with supportive care including [[anticonvulsant]] drugs such as a [[benzodiazepine]]. High doses of anticonvulsant medicine are often require

...ant are highly [[toxic]] to [[livestock]] and humans, and it is considered a major pest by farmers. Nonetheless, some parts can be used as food, medicin ...s. White flowers are followed by purple to almost black berries, which are a good food source for songbirds such as [[Northern Cardinal]], [[Brown Thras

...divinorum - Herba de Maria.jpg|thumb|220px|right|''[[Salvia divinorum]],'' a psychedelic sage ]] A list of plants that contain [[psychedelic drugs]]. Some of them have been used for thousands of years for religious purpos

...[[Misuse_of_Drugs_Act_%28Singapore%29#Class_A_-_Part_I|Schedule I - Class A]]<small>([[Singapore|SG]])</small> ...[hypnotics]] on the market and it became one of the most widely prescribed drugs.

| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> | legal_UK = <!-- GSL / P / POM / CD / Class A, B, C -->

...Bagchi SP | title = Antidopaminergic action of verapamil and several other drugs: inactivation of vesicular dopamine | journal = Life Sciences | volume = 46

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...rug of the [[ACE inhibitor|angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor]] class that is primarily used in treatment of [[hypertension]], [[congestive heart ...ar = 1980 | pmid = 6253826 | doi = 10.1038/288280a0}}</ref> Lisinopril has a number of properties that distinguish it from other ACE inhibitors: it is [

| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> | pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X -->

Drugs which block sodium channels by blocking from the [[intracellular]] side of * [[Antiarrhythmic agent#Class I agents|Class I antiarrhythmic agents]]

'''Polyanhydrides''' are a class of [[biodegradable]] [[polymer]]s characterized by anhydride bonds that con ...e been investigated as an important material for the short-term release of drugs or [[bioactive]] agents. The rapid degradation and limited mechanical prop

[[File:ADN animation.gif|thumb|right|220px|Microstructure of part of a [[DNA]] [[double helix]] '''biopolymer''']] Mohanty, A.K., et al., '''Natural Fibers, Biopolymers, and Biocomposites''' (CRC Press

...membrane. Most microcapsules have diameters between a few micrometers and a few millimeters. The definition has been expanded, and includes most foods. Every class of food ingredient has been encapsulated; flavors are the most common. The

...e=May 2007|title=The Chemistry and Applications of Antimicrobial Polymers: A State of the Art Review|journal=BioMacromolecules|publisher=American Chemic ...e=May 2007|title=The Chemistry and Applications of Antimicrobial Polymers: A State of the Art Review|journal=BioMacromolecules|publisher=American Chemic

...-resistant electrical contacts and the production of thick-film resistors. A minor application of ruthenium is its use in some platinum [[alloy]]s. ...broken, while the other, cigar-shaped end is relatively smooth.|A half of a pure, [[Electron beam melting|electron-beam remelted]] ruthenium bar]]

[[Image:Aerogelbrick.jpg|200px|thumb|right|A 2.5 kg [[brick]] is supported by a piece of aerogel weighing only 2 grams.]] ...result is an extremely low-density solid, with a notable effectiveness as a [[thermal conductivity|thermal insulator]]. It is nicknamed '''frozen smoke

...] and restore a natural appearance for [[viewing]] a body after [[death]]. A mixture of these chemicals is known as '''embalming fluid''' and is used to Typically embalming fluid contains a mixture of [[formaldehyde]], [[methanol]], [[ethanol]] and other solvents.

...e conditions." Dewey & Merrrill, Hemp Hurds As Papermaking Material, U.S.D.A. Bulletin No.404, 1916, page 3.</ref> producing up to 25 tonnes of dry matt </ref> For a crop, hemp is very environmentally friendly, as it requires few [[pesticide

...ass of [[organic chemical]] compounds that include two [[amine]] groups on a [[pyrimidine]] ring. Some have been patented as anti-cancer drugs.<ref>http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?IA=GB1998000111&DISPLAY=DESC</ref>

| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> | legal_UK = <!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, or Class A, B, C -->

| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> | pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X -->

| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> | pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X -->

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...e poisoning|Image=Carbon-monoxide-3D-vdW.png|Caption=Spacefilling model of a [[carbon monoxide]] [[molecule]]|DiseasesDB=2020|ICD10={{ICD10|T|58||t|51}} ...-irritating, it is very difficult for people to detect. Carbon monoxide is a product of [[incomplete combustion]] of organic matter with insufficient [[

...r airway hyper-responsiveness due to causes and conditions attributable to a particular occupational environment and not stimuli encountered outside the ...[[coughing]] and [[wheezing]]. The first person to use it in reference to a medical condition was [[Hippocrates]], and he believed that [[tailors]], [[

| Caption = A coronal [[CT scan]] showing [[malignant]] [[mesothelioma|cancer of the lung ...hich are self-limited, and do not invade or metastasize. Most cancers form a [[tumor]] but some, like [[leukemia]], do not. The branch of medicine conce

...]], ''komeo'' = to take care of). This type of infection is also known as a '''hospital-acquired infection''' (or, in generic terms, '''healthcare-asso ...medical staff move from patient to patient, the staff themselves serve as a means for spreading pathogens.

...bination with iron), and in many minerals. As a free element, manganese is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in stainless [[Phosphate conversion coating|Manganese phosphating]] is used as a treatment for rust and corrosion prevention on steel. Depending on their ox

...mineral [[crocoite]] (''[[lead chromate]]'') in 1797. Crocoite was used as a pigment, and after the discovery that the mineral chromite also contains ch ...great interest because of its high [[corrosion]] resistance and hardness. A major development was the discovery that steel could be made highly resista

...isinfectants, as well as an essential reagent in the chemical industry. As a common disinfectant, chlorine compounds are used in [[swimming pool]]s to k ..., two chlorine atoms form the [[diatomic molecule]] {{chem|Cl|2}}. This is a pale yellow-green gas that has its distinctive strong smell, the smell of b

...metal (chemistry)|heavy metal]] [[lead]] in the body. Lead interferes with a variety of body processes and is toxic to many organs and tissues including ...Hurlbut, Boyer-Hassen (2004)]] pp. 1423</ref>--> Occupational exposure is a common cause of lead poisoning in adults. One of the largest threats to ch

...330.jpg|thumb|upright|'''Native lead''' from [[Långban]], Sweden. This is a very fine, very rare specimen of crystallized native lead. Size 8×3×2 cm. ...osed to air. Lead has a shiny chrome-silver luster when it is melted into a liquid.

...es Jamieson Stoke''' FFOM, FAFOM, FAFPHM, MCCM MBBS, DIH (1928–2000) was a pioneer in [[Occupational Medicine]] in New Zealand, with influence in the ...r a church sponsorship scheme in the 1880s. His mother was the daughter of a Scots marine engineer, whose clan (the Jamiesons) came from the area south

...n}}) is the formation or presence of two or more separate bindings between a ...and_motifs_and_nomenclature|polydentate (multiple bonded)]] [[ligand]] and a single central atom.<ref name="IUPAC"> [http://goldbook.iupac.org/C01012.ht

...t is soluble in polar solvents, including water. Benzotriazoles are also a class of compounds containing the benzotriazole skeleton. Benzotriazole is classified as an 1,2,3-[[triazole]], i.e. a cyclic compound with the linkage -N=N-NH-. Benzotriazole features two fused

...6 |year=1971 |doi=10.1021/cr60274a001}}</ref> Hence these coefficients are a measure of differential [[solubility]] of the compound between these two so ...ophobic compartments such as [[lipid bilayers]] of cells while hydrophilic drugs (low partition coefficients) preferentially are found in hydrophilic compar

...chemistry)|complex]] falls apart into its component [[molecules]], or when a [[salt (chemistry)|salt]] splits up into its component [[ions]]. The disso For a general reaction

...rse process can also take place.|[[Acetic acid]], a [[weak acid]], donates a proton (hydrogen ion, highlighted in green) to water in an equilibrium reac ...trength of an [[acid]] in solution. It is the [[equilibrium constant]] for a chemical reaction known as [[Dissociation (chemistry)|dissociation]] in the

'''Sulfuric acid''' ('''sulphuric acid''' in British English) is a [[strong acid|strong]] [[mineral acid]] with the molecular formula {{chem|[ ...great [[Hygroscopy|affinity for water]]. Apart from that, sulfuric acid is a constituent of [[acid rain]], which is formed by atmospheric [[Redox|oxidat

...ted [[teacher]]s or other leaders associated with the institution. This is a list of [[higher education]] institutions named for people. ...s their founders. A few institutions were named by the founder in honor of a parent, child, spouse, or other close family member.

Invertebrates are very common vectors of disease. A vector is an organism which spreads disease from one host to another. Inver ...es. Mosquitoes are perhaps the best known invertebrate vector and transmit a wide range of tropical diseases including malaria, dengue fever and yellow

...existent, named medical conditions which appear in fiction where they have a '''major''' plot or thematic importance. They may be fictional [[psychologi Items in this list are followed by a brief description of symptoms and other details.

...aldosterone system|renin-angiotensin system]], which is a major target for drugs that lower blood pressure. Angiotensin also stimulates the release of [[ald ...l [[dipsogen]]. It is derived from the precursor molecule angiotensinogen, a serum globulin produced in the [[liver]]. It plays an important role in the

...of_administration = [[Intrathecal]] - directly into cerebrospinal fluid by a catheter ...cal safety of ziconotide: an intrathecal analgesic of a new pharmaceutical class |journal=Int. J. Toxicol. |volume=26 |issue=5 |pages=411–21 |year=2007 |p

| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> | pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X -->

...to [[opioid]] analgesic drugs. Animal studies have shown that nefopam has a potentiating (analgesic-sparing) effect on morphine and other opioids by br ...P, Adam F, Passard A, Guignard B, Sessler DI, Chauvin M | title= Nefopam, a nonsedative benzoxazocine analgesic, selectively reduces the shivering thre

...ubstances that bind to cannabinoid receptors. The latter group encompasses a variety of distinct chemical classes: the '''classical cannabinoids''' stru ...risk of respiratory or cardiovascular failure as there is with many other drugs. CB₁ receptors appear to be responsible for the euphoric and ant

...tin''' (brand name '''Neurontin''') is a pharmaceutical drug, specifically a [[gamma-Aminobutyric acid|GABA]] [[Analogue (chemistry)|analogue]]. It was | journal = Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs (London, England: 2000)

| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> | pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X -->

...so known as a '''painkiller''') is any member of the group of [[Medication|drugs]] used to relieve [[pain]] (achieve [[wiktionary:analgesia|analgesia]]). Th ...-inflammatory drug]]s (NSAIDs) such as the [[salicylate]]s, and [[opioid]] drugs such as [[morphine]] and [[opium]]. They are distinct from [[anesthetics]],

...The brand is owned by [[McNeil Laboratories|McNeil Consumer Healthcare]], a subsidiary of [[Johnson & Johnson]].<ref>Euromonitor International. [http:/ ...ions for the acute treatment of migraine : place in therapy.|journal = CNS Drugs|volume = 19|issue = 9|pages = 769–84|year = 2005|pmid = 16142992|doi = 10

| legal_status = Class A (UK) ...]] of THC to have been encountered as a recreational drug sold and used in a highly pure smokable form.

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| legal_status = Illegal in Germany and France, Class B (UK) ...f>Compton DR, Johnson MR, Melvin LS, Martin BR. Pharmacological profile of a series of bicyclic cannabinoid analogs: classification as cannabimimetic ag

...f>Compton DR, Johnson MR, Melvin LS, Martin BR. Pharmacological profile of a series of bicyclic cannabinoid analogs: classification as cannabimimetic ag ...f interest into laboratory-conducted scientific research of this family of drugs.

[[File:Spice drug.jpg|thumb|A bag of Spice]] ...t to avoid the laws which make cannabis illegal, making synthetic cannabis a [[designer drug]]. It has been sold under various brand names, online, in [

| legal_status = Illegal in Germany and France, Class B (UK) ...is used in scientific research. It is a potent CB₁ agonist with a [[Dissociation constant|K_d]] of 2.1 nM.<ref>Shim JY, Welsh WJ, H

...|thumb|150px|right|A closeup image of a drop of cannabis oil on the end of a needle]] ...ref>{{cite book |title = The Misuse of Drugs Act | last=King| first=Leslie A.| publisher = Royal Society of Chemistry|year = 2003| pages = 75–76 | isb

...on the subject were pivotal in defining and characterizing the syndrome at a time when cannabis use is on the rise. ...nce_abuse/facts/cannabis/en/ Cannabis - epidemiology].</ref>. ''Given such a widespread use of cannabis, the cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome is afflict

...0.html | accessdate = 2010-07-19}}</ref><!-- For the US only: "Marijuana...a dry, shredded green and brown mix of flowers, stems, seeds, and leaves deri ...fied the [[Law enforcement agency|enforcement]] of cannabis [[prohibition (drugs)|prohibition]], while others have reduced it.

...er international treaties. Most cannabis reform organizations do not spend a great deal of resources on international cannabis reform, since success wou ...onvention on Narcotic Drugs]]. The international drug control bodies exert a powerful influence across the globe, preventing even reform-minded nations

...] reaching one other [[neuron]]), neuromodulatory transmitters secreted by a small group of neurons diffuse through large areas of the nervous system, h ...on is also sometimes drawn between modulator and driver synaptic inputs to a neuron, but here the emphasis is on modulating ongoing neuronal spiking ve

...free fluid. In some ion channels, passage through the pore is governed by a "gate," which may be opened or closed by chemical or electrical signals, te ...urnal | author = Camerino DC, Desaphy JF, Tricarico D, Pierno S, Liantonio A | title = Therapeutic approaches to ion channel diseases | journal = Adv. G

...chedule 8 ([[Australia|Aust]])<br> Class C([[United Kingdom|UK]])<br> Cat. A[[Singapore]]}<br> Schedule III [[Germany]]} ...'''Suboxone''' [buprenorphine:naloxone 4:1 preparation]; '''Norspan''') is a semi-synthetic [[opioid]] that is used to treat opioid addiction in higher

| legal_status = [[Class A]] - Non-Clinical use - and [[Schedule II]] - Clinical use - (UK), <br />DEA ...hone]] in the rest of the world, according to the current version of ''The A-Z Encyclopaedia of Alcohol & Drug Abuse'' and other references.

| pregnancy_AU= A | legal_UK = Class B

| legal_UK = Class A ...her=Aspi.wisc.edu |date= |accessdate=2010-07-28}}</ref> In addition, it is a synthetic strong agonist at the [[mu opioid receptor|μ-opioid]] receptors.

| legal_status = Class A [[(UK)]] ...gesic]], [[antitussive]] and a maintenance [[drug addiction#Anti-addictive drugs|anti-addictive]] for use in patients on opioids. It was developed in [[Nazi

| legal_UK = Class A ...horphan]]. Although the primary psychoactive effects of the drug lasts for a few hours, the total elimination rate from the body typically extends eight

| image_alt = A short green plant with many elliptical shaped leaves of arcuate venation ...ists have not determined whether ''Salvia divinorum'' is a [[cultigen]] or a hybrid; native plants reproduce [[Vegetative reproduction|vegetatively]], r

| legal_UK = Class A (CD) * Used as a euphoriant

...thoxetamine''' is a novel [[designer drug]] of the [[arylcyclohexylamine]] class. It is an [[structural analog|analogue]] of [[ketamine]] where the 2-[[chlo [[Category:Dissociative drugs]]

'''Phenylbutazone''', often referred to as '''bute''', is a [[crystal]]line [[Chemical substance|substance]] having the [[chemical stru ...one of its [[phenyl group]]s, where a [[hydrogen]] [[atom]] is replaced by a [[hydroxyl group]] (making it 4-butyl-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-3,5-pyra

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| pregnancy_AU = A ...'' (marketed under many names, see below: [[#Trade names|Trade names]]) is a [[non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug]] (NSAID) taken to reduce [[inflamma

...''' is a [[non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug]] of the arylalkanoic acid class that is marketed in the UK & U.S. by [[Merck & Co.|Merck]] as '''Clinoril'' ...the stomach than other NSAID's except for drugs of the [[COX-2 inhibitor]] class {{Fact|date=February 2007}}. The exact mechanism of its NSAID properties is

...[non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug]] of the arylpropionic acid (profen) class, used to treat pain, especially [[Arthritis|arthritic]] pain. The typical a ...amyl''' and '''Tiaprofen''', and in [[Generic drug|generic]] formulations. A sustained-release preparation is available.

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| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> | pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X -->

'''Mefenamic acid''' is a [[NSAID|non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug]] used to treat pain, includin ...creases [[inflammation]] (swelling) and [[uterus|uterine]] contractions by a still unknown mechanism. However it is thought to be related to the inhibi

...effects.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Kantor, T. G. | title = Ketoprofen: a review of its pharmacologic and clinical properties | journal = Pharmacothe Ketoprofen is available also as a 2,5% [[gel]] for [[topical]] application.

An '''oxicam''' is a class of [[non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug]]s which binds closely to [[plasm ...IDs: piroxicam, meloxicam and tenoxicam |journal=Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy |volume=59 |issue=6 |pages=1213–

...oxide donators''' ('''CINODs'''), also known as '''NO-NSAIDs''', are a new class of [[non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug]] (NSAID) developed with the inte ...cal compound|compound]]s generated by the fusion of an existing NSAID with a [[nitric oxide]] (NO)-donating [[functional group|moiety]] by chemical mean

...r [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]], [[thrombosis]] and [[stroke]] by a relative increase in [[thromboxane]]. [[Rofecoxib]] (commonly known as [[Vi ...and refused to give Simmons any royalties and profits from his discovery. A lawsuit is currently in progress by Simmons against the drug developers. [h

| protein_bound =it is bound to plasma albumin and conpetes with drugs such as coumari anti coagulants,indomethacin and glucorcoticoids. | pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X -->

| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> | pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X -->

| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> | pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X -->

| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> | pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X -->

| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> | pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X -->

...age:200mg ibuprofen tablets.jpg|thumb|Coated 200 mg [[ibuprofen]] tablets, a common NSAID]] '''Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs''', usually abbreviated to '''NSAIDs''' or '''NAIDs''' - but also referred

...arides derived from starch that supply a hydrophobic centre for lipophilic drugs like alfaxalone. | pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X -->

...enerically as [[ether]]s. It is a common [[solvent]] and was once used as a [[general anesthetic]]. Ether is sparingly [[soluble]] in [[Water (molecule ...trioli'') — the name reflects the fact that it is obtained by distilling a mixture of [[ethanol]] and [[sulfuric acid]] (then known as oil of vitriol)

...d Chloroform.jpg|thumb|right|245px|Chloroform in its liquid state shown in a test tube]] ...nsidered somewhat hazardous. Several million tons are produced annually as a precursor to [[Teflon]] and refrigerants, but its use for refrigerants is b

| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> | pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X -->

| legal_UK = Class C | legal_status = Class B ([[New Zealand|NZ]]), [[Controlled Substances Act|Schedule I and III]] (U

| image_alt = A man in a jacket with handcuffs ...] [[mathematician]] and [[social criticism|social critic]], who engaged in a [[mail bomb]]ing spree that spanned nearly 20 years, killing three people a

...nd some choose not to use it because other tactics work better for them in a particular context. Individuals, such as [[Timothy McVeigh]], may also enga ...cy than the specific acts of terror. [[Foreign internal defense]] (FID) is a term used by several countries{{Citation needed|date=July 2008}} for progra

...d revival movement founded in [[India]] in the early twentieth Century, as a response to [[Christian]] [[Evangelism|evangelist]]s working among poor and ...l Appendix One - Muslim Fundamentalist Organizations in North East India—A Compendium] Terror Sans Frontiers: Islamic Militancy in North East India, J

...orism]]". Moreover, the International community has been slow to formulate a universally agreed, legally binding definition of this crime. These difficu ...sm|Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism]] that incorporates a single, all-encompassing, legally binding, criminal law definition terroris

..." Motorcycle Clubs}}</ref><ref name=Wolf1992>{{Citation |title=The Rebels: a brotherhood of outlaw bikers |first=Daniel R. |last=Wolf |publisher=Univers ...g "The Life," and the money they obtain by illegal means is only wanted as a way to perpetuate that lifestyle.<ref>{{Citation |authorlink=William Queen

...stion of all [[Mafia]] activities.”<ref>Humphreys, Adrian. "Book unveils a mafia induction ceremony." Vancouver Sun 19 Nov. 2004, News sec. LexisNexis ...</ref> for everything the new member does and can be killed as a result of a bad choice.

...ological warfare]]. It is located on [[Fort Detrick]], [[Maryland]] and is a subordinate lab of the [[United States Army Medical Research and Materiel C ...ts of [[Project CD-22]], the exposure of volunteers to aerosols containing a highly pathogenic strain of ''[[Coxiella burnetii]]'', the causal agent of

| caption = Ivins at a 2003 awards ceremony at [[U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectiou ...tute of Infectious Diseases]] (USAMRIID) in [[Fort Detrick, Maryland]] and a key suspect in the [[2001 anthrax attacks]].<ref name="lat">{{cite news |ur

...oldiers], ''[[US Department of Labor]]'', May 7, 2003</ref> She announced a $3 million program to help re-integrate child-soldiers in Afghanistan into ...t they only considered a captive they suspected had been a combatant to be a minor if he or she were under sixteen years old.