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The acids and enzymes produced by the yeast at lower temperatures temper the

...and some dried anchovies are a typical Korean meal - high in omega-3 fatty acids and friendly bacteria.

...the sucrose into invert sugars. These can undergo further breakdown into acids. These breakdown products are not only losses of sucrose but also have knoc ...se]], along with the amino acid glutamine, to chemically stable carboxylic acids. Left untreated, these sugars and amines would eventually frustrate crystal

...ation. The fats are hydrolyzed by the base, yielding alkali salts of fatty acids (crude soap) and [[glycerol]].

...larial [[parasite]] must degrade [[hemoglobin]] to acquire essential amino acids, which the parasite requires to construct its own protein and for energy me

...ion in conditions, such as autism, where cysteine and related sulfur amino acids may be depleted. <ref name="pm1">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1682578 * Sulfur and sulfur-related amino acids are commonly depleted in autism<ref name="pm1"/>. Glutathione, which largel

[[Category:Hydroxamic acids]]

[[Category:Amino acids]]

Chloramphenicol poisoning can cause sensitivity reactions to organic acids and salicylates.

...gh its 7 modules. Before Vancomycin is assembled through NRPS, the [[amino acids]] are first modified. L-tyrosine is modified to become the β-hydroxychloro ...me="pmid9545426"/> Each peptide synthase activates codes for various amino acids in order to activate each domain. CepA codes for modules 1, 2 and 3, CepB c

.... 1989. Tocopherol stabilizes membrane against phospholipase A, free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 570:121-135.</ref>

...[phenylalanine]], [[tryptophan]], and [[tyrosine]] with non-aromatic amino acids result in poor bonding between rifampicin and the RNA polymerase.<ref name=

...thor=Meyer H, Mally J|title=On hydrazine derivatives and pyridine carbonic acids|journal=Monatshefte Chemie verwandte Teile anderer Wissenschaften|volume=23

...ve shown that pyrazinoic acid and its ester inhibit the synthesis of fatty acids.<ref>Zimhony O, Vilcheze C, Arai M, Welch J, Jacobs WR pi. Pyrazinoic acid

...verse transcriptase gene. The HBV reverse transcriptase gene is 344 amino acids long and occupies codons 349 to 692 on the viral genome. The most commonly

[[Category:Salicylic acids]]

...and can therefore be taken orally with no need of protection from gastric acids. It is readily absorbed, but its absorption is greater on an empty stomach.

[[Category:Carboxylic acids]]

...radually [[hydrolyses]] in contact with moisture to acetic and salicylic [[acids]]. In solution with alkalis, the hydrolysis proceeds rapidly and the clear [[Category:Benzoic acids]]

...ther cyanometalates are similarly stable with low toxicity. Treatment with acids, however, can liberate the extremely toxic [[hydrogen cyanide]].

[[Category:Sulfonic acids]]

...stinuria]], which results from pathology in the transport of dibasic amino acids.

[[Category:Benzoic acids]]

...eir acidic character. Acetic acid is a weak, effectively [[Acid#Monoprotic acids|monoprotic acid]] in aqueous solution, with a [[Acid dissociation constant| ...24}}</ref> This dimerization behaviour is shared by other lower carboxylic acids.

[[Category:Benzoic acids]]

...form an amorphous aluminium hydroxide powder, which is readily soluble in acids. Aluminium hydroxide powder which has been heated to an elevated temperatur

...= Migarskaya | first2 = L. B. | title = Heats of combustion of some amino-acids | journal = Russ. J. Phys. Chem. (Engl. Transl.) | year = 1960 | volume = 3

...opposite effect on alpha [[aminoisobuteric acid]] than on the other amino acids.<ref>Chambers, J.W.; Georg, R.H. and Bass, A.D. (1965) “Effect of Hydroco ...higher [[Corticotropin-releasing hormone|CRH]] release. [[Omega 6]] fatty acids, on the other hand, acts inversely on interleukin synthesis.{{Citation need

...during the 1960s.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Adams SS |title=The propionic acids: a personal perspective |journal=J Clin Pharmacol |volume=32 |issue=4 |page [[Category:Carboxylic acids]]

...n in the [[reactivity series]] of metals, mercury does not react with most acids, such as dilute [[sulfuric acid]], though [[oxidizing acid]]s such as conce

...lenediamine]] and [[chloroacetic acid]].<ref>F. Munz "Polyamino carboxylic acids to [[IG Farben|I. G. Farbenindustrie]], DE 718 981, 1935; US 2 130 505, 193 [[Category:Carboxylic acids]]

[[Category:Carboxylic acids]]

[[Category:Acetic acids]]

[[Category:Carboxylic acids]]

[[Category:Carboxylic acids]]

[[Category:Acetic acids]]

[[Category:Acetic acids]]

[[Category:Carboxylic acids]]

...mplementary and Alternative Medicine 3(2): 249–254]</ref> and prenylated acids such as 4-hydroxy-3,5-diprenyl cinnamic acid have been documented.<ref>Park

* sensitive to acids and salts

...isture barrier. HDPE is compatible with a wide range of products including acids and caustics but is not compatible with [[solvents]]. It is supplied in FDA

...are used in areas where slag and atmosphere are acidic. They are stable to acids but attacked by alkalis. The main raw materials belongs to the RO<sub>2</su ...nd atmosphere are either acidic or basic and are chemically stable to both acids and bases. The main raw materials belongs to, but not confined to, R<sub>2<

...ositely charged segments. Many proteins are polyampholytes, as some amino acids tend to be acidic while others are basic.

...adily dissolved in a [[solvent]], or else releases other chemical species (acids) which catalyze further scission reactions (see the discussion on chemicall ...y the exposure radiation diffuse during the post-exposure bake step. These acids render surrounding polymer soluble in developer. A single [[acid catalysis|

...d temperatures, including aromatic or [[halogenated hydrocarbon]]s, strong acids, bases, [[ketone]]s, and other aggressive industrial substances. [[hydrolys

...near polymers containing a few to several hundred residues of [[Phosphoric acids and Phosphates#Orthophosphate|orthophosphate]] linked by energy-rich [[phos

...in another. Many of the good nucleating agents are metal salts of organic acids, which themselves are crystalline at the solidification temperature of the

A novel type of liquid bandage would incorporate amino acids to form peptide links directly with the skin.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://w

...ating with good barrier properties for inorganic and organic media, strong acids, caustic solutions, gases and water vapor

title=Modified nucleic acids on display| [[Category:Nucleic acids]]

...d by the difference in fuel sources between MDR and sensitive cells (fatty acids and glucose respectively).

...[[Nylon]] for example, will degrade and crack rapidly if exposed to strong acids, a phenomenon well known to ladies who accidentally spill acid onto their t ...the material. [[Polyesters]] are prone to degrade when treated with strong acids, and in all these cases, care must be taken to dry the raw materials for pr

...r resistance to aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons as well as oxidising acids than other polymers such aspolysulfone and polyamide 6/6.<ref name=j1/> Add

...de-esterification and decomposition of the resulting cellulose and organic acids. Cellulose acetate is currently used in high volume applications ranging fr ...Resonance]] structures of the [[peptide bond]] that links individual amino acids to form a protein [[polymer]].]]

...fluorine bond]]s. It is characterized by a high resistance to solvents, acids, and bases.

...it is rugged and unusually resistant to many chemical solvents, bases and acids. ...ygen]], followed by chain scission to yield [[aldehydes]] and [[carboxylic acids]]. In external applications, it shows up as a network of fine cracks and [[

..., recommending its use under high pressures. It is also stable in aqueous acids and bases and many non-polar solvents; however it is soluble in dichloromet

...f the polymer is a complex branched structure, usually capped with mycolic acids. The arabinan glycosidic linkages are α-(1-3), α-(1-5), and β-(1-2). ...e major part (66%) of the pentaarabinosyl units are substituted by mycolic acids, leaving the unsubstituted minor region (33%), that is available for intera

...the material. [[Polyesters]] are prone to degrade when treated with strong acids, and, in all these cases, care must be taken to dry the raw materials for p

[[Category:Sulfonic acids]]

...tide bond]] that is linked by the [[alpha-carbon]] group, the lysine amino acids are molecularly linked by the epsilon [[amino group]] and the [[carboxyl gr

...nd [[ammonium chloride]], [[ammonium phosphate]], [[borax]], and various [[acids]]. These early attempts found application in reducing the flammability of w

...H- end groups with mono-functional degradation products like mono-carbonic acids or alcohols. Results are decreased reactivity during re-polycondensation or

...] shellac gives a complex mix of [[aliphatic]] and [[alicyclic]] [[hydroxy acids]] and their polymers that varies in exact composition depending upon the so

...een used for centuries. [[Biopolymers]] such as [[proteins]] and [[nucleic acids]] play crucial roles in biological processes. A variety of other natural po

...m a [[coordination complex]] via a Lewis acid/ base relationship ([[lewis acids and bases]]). Coordination polymers are formed when a ligand has the abili

* Nanocellulose films for screening of biological compounds and nucleic acids encoding a biological compound

...in another. Many of the good nucleating agents are metal salts of organic acids, which themselves are crystalline at the solidification temperature of the

...ation | coagulate]] or [[flocculation | flocculate]]. Such titrations use acids or bases as titration [[reagent]]s. Tables of iso-electric points for diff

...e encyclopedia|Last = Lew|First= Kristi| title =Homogeneous| encyclopedia =Acids and Bases, Essential Chemistry. New York: Chelsea House Publishing.| publis

'''Class A metals''' are [[metal]]s that form [[hard acid]]s. Hard acids are [[acid]]s with relatively [[ionic bond]]s. These metals, such as [[iron '''Class B metals''' are metals that form soft acids. Soft acids are acids with relatively [[covalent bond]]s. These metals, such as [[lead (element)|

...made in the description of the salts that can be formed in reactions with acids. With the advent of [[electrochemistry]] it became clear that metals genera

..., because the oxide layer evaporates. They all are relative stable against acids.<ref name="Lipi"/>

...al temperatures. Ruthenium dissolves in fused alkalis, is not attacked by acids but is attacked by [[halogen]]s at high temperatures. Small amounts of ruth ...] used to stain [[polyanion]]ic molecules such as [[pectin]] and [[nucleic acids]] for [[light microscopy]] and [[electron microscopy]].<ref>{{cite book|tit

...rless but have a bitter taste in water, which however is masked by organic acids present in green coffee. ===Proteins and amino acids===

Milk powders contain all twenty standard [[amino acids]] (the building blocks of [[protein]]s) and are high in soluble [[vitamins]

...The fabric is boiled in an [[alkali]], which forms a soap with free fatty acids. ([[saponification]]). A kier is usually enclosed, so the solution of [[sod

...ester]]s (ca. 97% by weight) the remainder being lanolin alcohols, lanolin acids and lanolin [[hydrocarbon]]s.<ref>The Lanolin Book, Edited by Udo Hoppe, Pu ...lanolin resulting from combinations between the ca. 200 different lanolin acids and the ca. 100 different lanolin alcohols that have so far been identified

...33 carbons), [[ester]]s of higher molecular weight (20–29&nbsp;%), free acids (7–9%), and [[resin]]s (12–14%, mainly [[triterpenoid]] esters). The hi

...[[cerebroside]]s, and in small amounts in most natural [[fat]]s. The fatty acids of [[peanut oil]] contain small amounts of lignoceric acid (1.1%–2.2%).<r *[[List of saturated fatty acids]]

...er wax polishes based on [[beeswax]] and [[carnauba wax]] either contained acids or became acidic over time. Renaissance Wax was based on more stable [[micr

...d long-chain [[aliphatic]] [[hydrocarbon]]s, containing [[alkane]]s, fatty acids, primary and [[secondary alcohol]]s, [[diol]]s, [[ketone]]s, [[aldehyde]]s.

...fatty acid alcohols (12 wt%). The compounds are predominantly derived from acids and alcohols in the C26-C30 range. Distinctive for carnauba was is the high

...(wax acids) and [[fatty alcohol|higher alcohol]] [[esters]]. The aliphatic acids consist of [[palmitic acid]] (C16), [[behenic acid]] (C22), [[lignoceric ac

...stly introduced by the action of naturally occurring acids in the fuel and acids generated in [[lubricant]]s by oxidative processes with the metallic parts

...suspending wear-causing contaminants and reducing the corrosive effects of acids over an extended period of time. The associated measurement [[ASTM Interna

...from animal sources. Many vegetable oils are often hydrolyzed to yield the acids which are subsequently combined selectively to form specialist synthetic es ...bricant is also a corrosion inhibitor, protecting against rust, salts, and acids.

* Avoid common cement poisons, such as sulphates, acids, etc.

| SolubleOther = Soluble in [[glycerol]] and [[acids]]. </br> Insoluble in [[alcohol]]. ...uction of metals, lime is injected into the waste gas stream to neutralize acids, such as fluorides and chlorides prior to being released to atmosphere.

...possess much better mechanical strength, scratch resistance, resistance to acids, alkalis and chemicals, resistance to staining etc compared to marble or na

...ial areas with lots of dust will remain clean longer are less sensitive to acids (such as the ones used in cooling towers). In coastal areas, these coatings

...ist [[Pierre Berthier]], who noted their resistance against attack by some acids and suggested their use in [[cutlery]]. Metallurgists of the 19th century,

...milder the acid, the longer it takes to etch calcite-based stone; stronger acids can damage the stone in seconds.

...spinnerets; the chemicals include [[lye]], [[carbon disulfide]] and strong acids.<ref name="Scientific American"/> Retailers have sold both end products as

Hemp seeds contain all the [[essential amino acid]]s and essential fatty acids necessary to maintain healthy human life.<ref>http://www.ratical.org/renewa

...worked at slow speeds and low feed rates. It is resistant to corrosion and acids, and some alloys can withstand a fire in pure oxygen. It is commonly used i The good resistance against corrosion by acids and oxygen makes monel a good material for the chemical industry. Even corr

...r. Iron is most available to the body when [[Chelation|chelated]] to amino acids<ref name="pmid11377130">{{cite journal |title=Effectiveness of treatment of

...lectron-withdrawing effect of the phenyl group. Aniline reacts with strong acids to form '''[[anilinium]]''' (or phenylammonium) ion (C₆H<sub>5</ Aniline reacts with carboxylic acids<ref>{{OrgSynth | author = Carl N. Webb | title = Benzanilide | |collvol = 1

...on powder as the reducing agent. Treatment of this hydrazine with mineral acids induces a [[rearrangement reaction]] to 4,4'-benzidine. Smaller amounts of

[[Category:Benzoic acids]]

[[Category:Sulfonic acids]]

| Function = sulfonic acids }} [[Category:Sulfonic acids]]

[[Category:Carboxylic acids]]

...a weak base, with a ''K''_b of 10⁻¹⁴. With strong acids, it forms the water soluble salt.

[[Category:Benzoic acids]]

[[Category:Carboxylic acids]]

[[Category:Salicylic acids]]

[[Category:salicylic acids]]

[[Category:Salicylic acids]]

[[Category:Benzoic acids]]

[[Category:Salicylic acids]]

...elting point of 129 °C. It readily forms [[salt (chemistry)|salts]] with acids, such as the [[hydrochloride]] which is commercially available. 2-Tolidine

...ypically involves a [[agarose gel electrophoresis|gel]] containing nucleic acids placed on or under a UV lamp. Since [[ultraviolet]] light is harmful to eye ...an full-length genomes under relaxed copy number control. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=30 |issue=21 |pages=4626–33 |year=2002 |pmid=16201894 |doi=1

...ub>H₅NHOH is unstable to heating, and in the presence of strong acids easily rearranges to [[4-aminophenol]]. Oxidation of phenylhydroxylamine wi

...ribosomal peptide synthetase]], which [[covalent]]ly links LA to the amino acids, L-[[alanine]], L-[[proline]], and L-[[phenylalanine]]. Enzyme-catalyzed or

[[Category:Carboxylic acids]]

[[Category:Carboxylic acids]]

[[Category:Amino acids]]

...present value, and discovered the ability of ethylene oxide to react with acids and salts of metals.<ref name="oe1">{{cite book ===Addition of carboxylic acids and their derivatives===

...which cause brain [[lipid peroxidation]] (degradation of unsaturated fatty acids). Carbon monoxide causes [[endothelial]] cell and platelet release of [[nit

*<span id="R31">R31</span>: Contact with acids liberates toxic gas *<span id="R32">R32</span>: Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas

*Energy-providing compounds of glucose and fatty acids are released into the bloodstream.

* [[Corrosive]] material symbol (corrosive substances e.g. acids, bases, phenols etc).

...on the metal. Chromium metal treated in this way readily dissolves in weak acids.<ref name="HollemanAF"/> ...e known. Chromium(III) can be obtained by dissolving elemental chromium in acids like [[hydrochloric acid]] or [[sulfuric acid]]. The {{chem|Cr|3+}} ion has

...tacked by [[sulfuric acid|sulfuric]] or [[hydrochloric acid|hydrochloric]] acids. It does, however, dissolve in [[nitric acid]] with the evolution of [[nitr ...state. It is soluble in [[nitric acid|nitric]] and [[acetic acid|acetic]] acids, from which solutions it is possible to precipitate [[halide]], [[lead sulf

...ertain metal [[cation]]s. Thus, proteins, polysaccharides, and polynucleic acids are excellent polydentate ligands for many metal ions. In addition to these

[[Category:Carboxylic acids]] [[Category:Sugar acids]]

...orm very stable complexes in both solution and the gas phase. Some [[amino acids]], such as [[lysine]], contain a primary [[amine]] on their side chains. Th

[[Category:Carboxylic acids]]

...used in [[gel electrophoresis]], for the separation of proteins or nucleic acids. Although the amounts used in this technique may vary from method to method

[[Category:Dicarboxylic acids]]

[[Category:Benzoic acids]]

[[Category:Acetic acids]]

[[Category:Hydroxy acids]] [[Category:Tricarboxylic acids]]

...ic acid groups. Phosphonates are highly water-soluble while the phosphonic acids are only sparingly soluble. Phosphonates are not volatile and are poorly so

...form multiple [[chelate]] rings. This property makes polyamino carboxylic acids useful in a wide variety of chemical, medical and environmental application

[[Category:Dicarboxylic acids]]

Porphyrins are the conjugate acids of [[ligand]]s that bind [[metals]] to form [[complex (chemistry)|complexes

| title = Bisadducts of diamines and unsaturated acids [[Category:Carboxylic acids]]

...Etidronic acid also acts to retard rancidification and oxidation of fatty acids.

[[Category:Carboxylic acids]]

...V(III), Mn(III), Fe(III), Ni(II) and Cu(II). [[Hydroxamic acid|Hydroxamic acids]], such as [[salicylhydroxamic acid]], and [[oximes]] are commonly utilized ...[15]Metallacrown-5 Gadolinium Complexes Derived from alpha-Aminohydroxamic Acids| Journal= Chemistry: A European Journal|publisher= Wiley|volume= 12|issue=

[[Category:Sulfonic acids]]

Citric acid is a slightly stronger acid than typical carboxylic acids because the anion can be stabilised by intramolecular hydrogen-bonding from Citric acid is one of several acids that is used by [[homebrewing|home brewers]] to modify brewing water for ma

...lenediamine]] and [[chloroacetic acid]].<ref>F. Munz "Polyamino carboxylic acids to [[IG Farben|I. G. Farbenindustrie]], DE 718 981, 1935; US 2 130 505, 193 [[Category:Acetic acids]]

{{Acids and bases}} ...dic or basic impurities. It is not possible to separate chemically similar acids or bases using this simple method.

*: <math>log\ D_{acids} = log\ P + log\Bigg[\frac{1}{(1+10^{pH-pK_a})}\Bigg]</math> *: <math>\mathrm{for\ acids\ with\ } \big(pH - pK_a\big) > 1,\ log\ D_{acids} \cong log\ P + pK_a - pH</math>

...-polar and aromatic indicate the parts of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids.

...uch as [[nylon 6,6]] are attacked and hydrolysed in the presence of strong acids. Such attack leads to [[depolymerization]] and nylon products fail by fract ...drolysis. Trivalent ions like Al³⁺ and Fe³⁺ are weak acids whose pK_a is comparable to that of [[acetic acid]]. Solutions of

...rotein]]s. These calculations complement the pKa values reported for amino acids in their free state, and are used frequently within the fields of [[molecul ...of model compounds (compounds that are similar to the side chains of amino acids). (''See [[Amino acid]] for the pKa values of all amino acid side chains in

...ases such as CO₂, H₂S, NH₃, undissociated acids and bases) to high ionic strengths (up to 5 mol/kg). The value of the const

There are three major theories relating to the strength of Lewis acids and bases and the interactions between them. ...with [[antimony pentachloride]] in [[1,2-Dichloroethane]] as solvent. For acids, an acceptor number is derived from the enthalpy of reaction of the acid wi

...wed as a chain in which the two ends have been joined. Cyclic [[Phosphoric acids and phosphates|triphosphate]], P₃O₉<sup>3&minus;</sup ...xyanions are weak [[base (chemistry)|base]]s and can be protonated to give acids or acid salts. For example, the phosphate ion can be successively protonate

...ublisher=Pharminfo.net |accessdate=5 July 2010}}</ref> Dissolution of weak acids in alkaline media is similarly important. ...2005|title=Chasing Equilibrium: Measuring the Intrinsic Solubility of Weak Acids and Bases|journal=Anal. Chem.|volume=77|issue=4|pages=983–990|doi=10.1021

[http://www.chem.wisc.edu/areas/reich/pkatable/ Inorganic and organic acids and bases] pKa data in water and [[Dimethyl sulfoxide|DMSO]]</s>

...'₁, p''K''₂, p''K''₃ and so on. For amino acids, the p''K''₁ constant refers to its [[carboxyl]] (-COOH) group,

...issociated acid becomes undetectable. p''K''_a values for strong acids can, however, be estimated by theoretical means or by extrapolating from me ...a prerequisite for a quantitative understanding of the interaction between acids or bases and metal ions to form [[Stability constants of complexes|complexe

...le=Comparison of equations for fitting protonation constants of carboxylic acids in aqueous tetramethylammonium chloride at various ionic strengths |journal

{{Acids and bases}}

...r may be somewhat less apparent. The first of these scientific concepts of acids and bases was provided by the [[France|French]] [[chemist]] [[Antoine Lavoi === Lavoisier's oxygen theory of acids ===

...cidbase/faq/equivalence-point-HF-NaOH.shtml General Chemistry Online: FAQ: Acids and bases: What is the pH at the equivalence point an HF/NaOH titration?<!-

...=A comparison of equations for fitting protonation constants of carboxylic acids in aqueous tetramethylammonium chloride at various ionic strengths |journal

...abnormality of the human body's normal [[acid-base homeostasis|balance of acids and bases]] that causes the [[blood plasma|plasma]] [[pH]] to deviate out o #Intake of acids or acid precursors

{{Acids and Bases}} In and of themselves, pH indicators are frequently weak acids or bases. The general reaction scheme of a pH indicator can be formulated a

...s well. These approximations will fail when dealing with relatively strong acids or bases (pKa more than a couple units away from 7), dilute or very concent ...J. Henderson | title = Concerning the relationship between the strength of acids and their capacity to preserve neutrality | journal = [[Am. J. Physiol.]] |

...olves into molecules, rendering it a weak electrolyte. Weak bases and weak acids are generally weak electrolytes. In an aqueous solution there will be some ...a strong electrolyte. Similar logic applies to a weak electrolyte. Strong acids and bases are good examples such as HCl, H₂SO₄, NaCl.

...up>(0)</sup>, ''&beta;''⁽¹⁾ and ''C'' for inorganic and organic acids, bases and salts have been tabulated.<ref>Pitzer (1991), Tables 2-11</ref> ...C.; Sammartano, S.|year=2008|title=Sequestering ability of polycarboxylic acids towards dioxouranium(V)|journal=Talanta|volume=28|pages=775–778|doi=10.10

...ry (2nd edn, Prentice-Hall 1998), p.154</ref> In this system, '''Brønsted acids''' and '''Brønsted bases''' are defined, by which an [[acid]] is a molecul == Properties of acids and bases ==

...on |year=1973 |edition=2nd}} Includes discussion of many organic Brønsted acids.</ref><ref name=SA> ...=2008 |publisher=Prentice Hall |edition=3rd |isbn=0131755536 }} Chapter 6: Acids, Bases and Ions in Aqueous Solution</ref>

...ties and function. This is true of hemoglobin, where the sequence of amino acids may affect crucial functions such as the protein's affinity for oxygen. ..." Chemistry 12. Toronto: Nelson, 2003. 122. Print.</ref> Most of the amino acids in hemoglobin form alpha helices, connected by short non-helical segments.

{{Acids and Bases}} ...<ref name=hul>{{cite book |last= Hulanicki |first= A. |title= Reactions of acids and bases in analytical chemistry |publisher= Horwood |year= 1987 |isbn=085

{{Acids and Bases}} ...om the standard state for water. [[Superacid]]s are a class of non-aqueous acids for which the [[Hammett acidity function]], ''H''₀, has been d

...sive Self-Consistent Spectrophotometric Acidity Scale of Neutral Brønsted Acids in Acetonitrile" J. Org. Chem., 2006, volume 71, pp 2829–2838. {{DOI|10.1 [[Category:Acids]]

Sulfuric acid can also be used to displace weaker acids from their salts. Reaction with [[sodium acetate]], for example, displaces ...sulfuric acid are potentially more serious than those of comparable strong acids (e.g. [[hydrochloric acid]]), as there is additional tissue damage due to d

==== Polybasic acids ====

==Related Lewis acids== ...sent the parents to the non-coordinating anions are generally strong Lewis acids, e.g. [[boron trifluoride]], BF₃ and [[phosphorus pentafluoride]

...re those provided by nature, especially including the side chains of amino acids, and many [[cofactor (biochemistry)|cofactor]]s such as [[porphyrin]]s.

...AB theory|soft]] metal thus makes a metal a [[HSAB theory|harder]] [[Lewis acids and bases|Lewis acid]]. Similarly a [[HSAB theory|soft]] σ-donor will ten ...ft]] bases the central metal atom is made a [[HSAB theory|softer]] [[Lewis acids and bases|Lewis acid]], because the metal’s positive charge is reduced by

===[[Amino acids]]=== * Standard amino acids

...an [[organ (anatomy)|organ system]] that passes nutrients (such as [[amino acids]] and [[electrolytes]]), gases, hormones, [[blood]] cells, etc. to and fro

...er pressure in veins allows only smaller products of digestion, like amino acids and sugars, to diffuse into the blood directly.<ref>[[François Magendie|Ma

...fats to tissues throughout the body and, in particular, the released fatty acids can be stored in [[adipose]] cells as [[triglycerides]]. As triglycerides a

* it absorbs and transports [[fatty acids]] and [[fat]]s as [[chyle]] to the circulatory system

{{Seealso|Phosphoric acids and phosphates}} * [[Phosphoric acids and phosphates]]

...6ch5/s6ch5_17.htm |title=Sect. 6, Ch. 5: Enterohepatic Circulation of Bile Acids |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> ...ct]] through the major duodenal papilla during digestion. 95% of the bile acids which are delivered to the duodenum will be recycled by the enterohepatic c

...ut other species have angiotensinogen of varying sizes. The first 12 amino acids are the most important for activity. Other cleavage products of ACE, 7 or 9 amino acids long, are also known; they have differential affinity for [[angiotensin rec

...Bayerle-Eder M, Roden M, Baumgartner-Parzer S, Wolzt M | title=Free fatty acids do not acutely increase asymmetrical dimethylarginine concentrations | jour [[Category:Amino acids]]

...]] and [[triglycerides]]), 35% from [[carbohydrates]], and 5% from [[amino acids]] and [[ketone bodies]]. However, these proportions vary widely according t

...l is a build up of cell debris, that contain lipids (cholesterol and fatty acids), calcium and a variable amount of fibrous connective tissue.

[[Category:Aromatic acids]]

...as [[tetronic acid]]s, and belong to the larger category of [[vinylogous]] acids. ...ic acids, and the fungal pigments Grevillines, Terphenylquinones, Pulvinic acids and Pulvinones.<ref name="Gill_Steglich"/>]]

*Hanuš L., Krejčí Z. (1975) "Isolation of two new cannabinoid acids from ''Cannabis sativa L.'' of Czechoslovak origin". ''Acta Univ. Olomuc.,

...1847, the French chemist [[Jean-Baptiste Dumas]] established that all the acids were the same compound, which he called propionic acid, from the [[Greek la ..., but can be removed from water by adding salt. As with acetic and formic acids, it consists of [[hydrogen bond]]ed pairs of molecules both as the liquid a

...gnard reaction|Grignard reagents]]. Menthol reacts with chiral carboxylic acids to give diastereomic menthyl esters, which are useful for [[chiral resoluti

[[Category:Carboxylic acids]]

...xicity of this compound, due to its likely metabolism to ω-fluoroalkanoic acids. Studies of the metabolism of related compounds show that the first step is

...077343}}</ref> Longer forms of hemopressin containing 2-3 additional amino acids on the N-terminus have been identified in extracts of mouse brain. These lo

...psychoactive constituents of cannabis. [[Fatty acids]] or esters of fatty acids may also dissolve cannabinoids and structurally similar compounds. Vegetab ...d green, brown, or red coloring), [[carbohydrates]]/[[cellulose]], [[amino acids]], [[waxes]] and/or water. Many of the chemicals in these groups are polar

...ood, as they are rich in heart-healthy, [[essential fatty acids]], [[amino acids]] (both essential and nonessential), [[vitamins]] and [[minerals]]. Hemp "m

...=Enabera I. Flatman JA. Lambert JDC |title=The actions of excitatory amino acids on motomeurones in the feline spinal cord. |journal=Journal of Physiology L

...ide bond between two [[cysteine]] (Cys) residues 13 highly conserved amino acids apart near the N-terminal extracellular domain of the alpha subunit.

...tide Precursors and Provide the Masses of the Resulting Peptides." Nucleic Acids Research 34 (2006): 267-272.

...n, found predominantly in lymph nodes and spleen, which contains 225 amino acids with a molecular mass of 22 kDa in its mature form. It is closely related t

...APP have been observed in humans, ranging in length from 365 to 770 amino acids, with certain isoforms preferentially expressed in neurons; changes in the

...glutamate corelease from ventral midbrain dopamine neurons. |journal=Amino Acids |year=2000 |volume=19 |pages=45–52 |url=http://www.springerlink.com/conte

...CM, ''et al.'' |title=Role of S3 and S4 transmembrane domain charged amino acids in channel biogenesis and gating of KCa2.3 and KCa3.1. |journal=J. Biol. Ch

[[Category:Salicylic acids]]

[[Category:Acetic acids]]

[[Category:Carboxylic acids]]

...tɨn}}) is a [[non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug]] of the arylalkanoic acids. It is used primarily to reduce hormones that cause pain, swelling, tendern

[[Category:Nicotinic acids]]

[[Category:Anthranilic acids]]

[[Category:Benzoic acids]] [[Category:Anthranilic acids]]

[[Category:Carboxylic acids]]

[[Category:Carboxylic acids]]

Most nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are weak acids, with a pKa of 3-5. They are absorbed well from the [[stomach]] and intesti ...inflammation in combination with exposure to sunlight. The 2-arylpropionic acids have proven to be the most likely to produce photosensitivity reactions, bu

...rnal | title = Chlorine trifluoride oxide. V. Complex formation with Lewis acids and bases | author = K. O. Christe, C. J. Schack, D. Pilipovich | journal =

...ctive, and the phosgene can affect analytes in samples, lipids and nucleic acids dissolved in or extracted with chloroform (Turk, Eric, "Phosgene from Chlor

...across the blood-brain barrier. The blood content of certain neutral amino-acids, including tryptophan, is also increased by peripheral GHB administration. [[Category:Hydroxy acids]]

...e 3-letter groups are codons, "meaning that each sequence of three nucleic acids will code for a specific amino acid."<ref name="justice.gov">[http://www.ju

...fat consists of many moderate-sized, saturated [[hydrocarbon]] chain fatty acids. It is a [[triglyceride]], an [[ester]] derived from [[glycerol]] and three ...at since butter is nutritious and "is rich in short and medium chain fatty acids," this can have a positive effect on health and prevent disease.<ref name="

*Saturated fatty acids: **Lower (at most 12 carbon atoms) saturated fatty acids: 11%

...hrung 1999 43(4) 233-244</ref><ref>Friesen, R, and S.M. Innis, Trans Fatty acids in Human milk in Canada declined with the introduction of trans fat food la |title=Letter to the Editor: Vaccenic and Rumenic Acids, A Distinct Feature of Ruminant Fats

...cally called '''acidified milk'''.<ref name="FDCh1P131" /> In the US, the acids that may be used in the manufacture of acidified milk are [[acetic acid]] (

...) and formulas using protein reduced (hydrolysed) into its component amino acids for infants who are allergic to other proteins. An upswing in breastfeeding ...rands are Neocate and Peptamen. Being purely synthetic [[monomeric]] amino acids, it is also quite foul-tasting to adults, and it is not uncommon for infant

...ient supply. The clot is able to provide a sustained slow release of amino acids into the blood stream, sometimes lasting for several hours.<ref>Boirie, Y.,

...fats. Many of these can be coaxed into melting smoothly in the presence of acids or [[starch]]. [[Fondue]], with wine providing the acidity, is a good examp * Cheese increases saliva flow, washing away acids and sugars.

...as [[gelatin]], [[rennet|rennin]], [[guar]] and [[carrageen]], as well as acids to artificially sour the product.

...cooking fat or oil]] begins to break down to [[glycerol]] and [[free fatty acids]]. The glycerol is then further broken down to [[acrolein]] which is a comp

The composition of the fatty acids is typically as follows:<ref>National Research Council, 1976, ''Fat Content *Saturated fatty acids:

...sultant [[triglycerides]] is random, and may contain combinations of fatty acids not commonly found in nature.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.guardian.c

...lend of [[fatty acid]]s, fats and oils also typically contain free [[fatty acids]], [[monoglyceride|mono-]] and [[diglyceride|di- glyceride]]s, and [[unsapo ...to as much as 40 percent by weight of a partially hydrogenated oil. Trans acids are increasingly thought to be unhealthy.

...elatively high [[smoke point]], attributable to its high [[saturated fatty acids]] content. Pure lard is especially useful for cooking since it produces lit

...rmined by the presence of double bonds of unsaturated acyl groups on fatty acids; the higher the number of double bonds, the lower the melting point. ...gy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients) | publisher = National Academies Press | year = 2005 | pag