Vasopressin receptor

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arginine vasopressin receptor 1A
Identifiers
Symbol AVPR1A
Alt. symbols AVPR1
Entrez 552
HUGO 895
OMIM 600821
RefSeq NM_000706
UniProt P37288
Other data
Locus Chr. 12 q14-q15
arginine vasopressin receptor 1B
Identifiers
Symbol AVPR1B
Alt. symbols AVPR3
Entrez 553
HUGO 896
OMIM 600264
RefSeq NM_000707
UniProt P47901
Other data
Locus Chr. 1 q32
arginine vasopressin receptor 2
Identifiers
Symbol AVPR2
Alt. symbols DIR3, DIR
Entrez 897
HUGO 897
OMIM 300538
RefSeq NM_000054
UniProt P30518
Other data
Locus Chr. X q28

A vasopressin receptor is one of the cell surface receptors which binds vasopressin.[1][2]

Subtypes

Humans express three subtypes: 1A, 1B and 2[2]

Receptor Gene G protein Functions
Arginine vasopressin receptor 1A AVPR1A Gq Vasoconstriction
Arginine vasopressin receptor 1B
also called Arginine vasopressin receptor 3
AVPR1B Gq Neural
Arginine vasopressin receptor 2 AVPR2 Gs Antidiuretic

Function

Although all three of these proteins are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), activation of AVPR1A and AVPR1B stimulate phospholipase C, while activation of AVPR2 stimulates adenylate cyclase.[2] These three receptors for vasopressin have unique tissue distributions. AVPR1A are expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells, hepatocytes, platelets, brain cells, and uterus cells. AVPR1B are expressed in cells of the anterior pituitary and throughout the brain, especially in the pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal CA2 field. AVPR2 are expressed in the kidney tubule, predominantly in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts, in fetal lung tissue and lung cancer, the last two being associated with alternative splicing. AVPR2 is also expressed in the liver where stimulation releases a variety of clotting factors into the bloodstream. In the kidney, AVPR2's primary function is to respond to arginine vasopressin by stimulating mechanisms that concentrate the urine and maintain water homeostasis in the organism. When the function of AVPR2 is lost, the disease Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (NDI) results.[3]

Role in Disease Treatment

Vasopressin receptor antagonists are drugs that block the action that occurs at the vasopressin receptor to treat diseases. The most common disease these are used to treat is hyponatremia, which causes serious complications for such illnesses as liver cirrhosis and congestive heart failure. Vasopressin receptor antagonists include the new class of "vaptan drugs", including Vasopril and the phase III drug lixivaptan.

References

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External links

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