Galanin receptor 2

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Galanin receptor 2
Identifiers
Symbols	GALR2; GALNR2; MGC125983; MGC125984
External IDs	OMIM: 603691 MGI: 1337018 HomoloGene: 2863 IUPHAR: GAL2 GeneCards: GALR2 Gene
Gene Ontology Molecular function • rhodopsin-like receptor activity • receptor activity • galanin receptor activity Cellular component • plasma membrane • integral to membrane Biological process • muscle contraction • G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway • G-protein signaling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger • elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration • synaptic transmission • multicellular organismal development • digestion • learning and/or memory • feeding behavior • neurite development Sources: Amigo / EGO
RNA expression pattern
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More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	8811	14428
Ensembl	ENSG00000182687	ENSMUSG00000020793
UniProt	O43603	Q14A53
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_003857	NM_010254
RefSeq (protein)	NP_003848	NP_034384
Location (UCSC)	Chr 17: 71.58 - 71.59 Mb	Chr 11: 116.1 - 116.1 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Galanin receptor 2, (GAL₂) is a G-protein coupled receptor encoded by the GALR2 gene.

Galanin is an important neuromodulator present in the brain, gastrointestinal system, and hypothalamopituitary axis. It is a 30-amino acid non-C-terminally amidated peptide that potently stimulates growth hormone secretion, inhibits cardiac vagal slowing of heart rate, abolishes sinus arrhythmia, and inhibits postprandial gastrointestinal motility. The actions of galanin are mediated through interaction with specific membrane receptors that are members of the 7-transmembrane family of G protein-coupled receptors. GALR2 interacts with the N-terminal residues of the galanin peptide. The primary signaling mechanism for GALR2 is through the phospholipase C/protein kinase C pathway (via Gq), in contrast to GALR1, which communicates its intracellular signal by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase through Gi. However, it has been demonstrated that GALR2 couples efficiently to both the Gq and Gi proteins to simultaneously activate 2 independent signal transduction pathways.

See also

• Galanin receptor

External links

• "Galanin Receptors: GAL₂". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. 

Further reading

• Bloomquist BT, Beauchamp MR, Zhelnin L; et al. (1998). "Cloning and expression of the human galanin receptor GalR2". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 243 (2): 474–9. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.8133. PMID 9480833. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Fathi Z, Battaglino PM, Iben LG; et al. (1998). "Molecular characterization, pharmacological properties and chromosomal localization of the human GALR2 galanin receptor". Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 58 (1-2): 156–69. doi:10.1016/S0169-328X(98)00116-8. PMID 9685625. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Kolakowski LF, O'Neill GP, Howard AD; et al. (1998). "Molecular characterization and expression of cloned human galanin receptors GALR2 and GALR3". J. Neurochem. 71 (6): 2239–51. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71062239.x. PMID 9832121. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Borowsky B, Walker MW, Huang LY; et al. (1999). "Cloning and characterization of the human galanin GALR2 receptor". Peptides. 19 (10): 1771–81. doi:10.1016/S0196-9781(98)00133-8. PMID 9880084. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Berger A, Tuechler C, Almer D; et al. (2002). "Elevated expression of galanin receptors in childhood neuroblastic tumors". Neuroendocrinology. 75 (2): 130–8. doi:10.1159/000048229. PMID 11867941. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241 Freely accessible. PMID 12477932. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Berger A, Lang R, Moritz K; et al. (2004). "Galanin receptor subtype GalR2 mediates apoptosis in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells". Endocrinology. 145 (2): 500–7. doi:10.1210/en.2003-0649. PMID 14592962. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA; et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928 Freely accessible. PMID 15489334. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Belfer I, Hipp H, Bollettino A; et al. (2007). "Alcoholism is associated with GALR3 but not two other galanin receptor genes". Genes, Brain and Behavior. 6 (5): 473–81. doi:10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00275.x. PMID 17083333. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.