Neuropeptide S

edit

neuropeptide S
Identifiers
Symbol	NPS
External IDs	OMIM: 609513 MGI: 3642232 HomoloGene: 106066 GeneCards: NPS Gene
Gene Ontology Cellular component • extracellular region Biological process • neuropeptide signaling pathway Sources: Amigo / EGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	594857	100043254
Ensembl	ENSG00000214285	ENSMUSG00000073804
UniProt	P0C0P6	P0C0P8
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001030013	XM_001479305
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001025184	NP_001157083
Location (UCSC)	Chr 10: 129.24 - 129.24 Mb	Chr 7: 142.46 - 142.46 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a neuropeptide found in human and mammalian brain, mainly produced by neurons in the amygdala and between Barrington's nucleus and the locus coeruleus, although NPS-responsive neurons extend projections into many other brain areas. NPS binds specifically to a newly de-orphaned G protein-coupled receptor, NPSR. Animal studies show that NPS suppresses anxiety and appetite, induces wakefulness and hyperactivity, including hyper-sexuality, and plays a significant role in the extinction of conditioned fear. It has also been shown to significantly enhance dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway.

Synthetic ligands

The non-peptide NPS receptor antagonist SHA-68 blocks the effects of NPS in animals and is anxiogenic. Several peptide derived NPS agonists and antagonists have also been developed.

Peptide sequence

Below are the sequences of mature neuropeptide S in several representative species in which it is expressed:

species	sequence	MW
human	SFRNGVGTGMKKTSFQRAKS	2187.5
rat	SFRNGVGSGVKKTSFRRAKQ	2210.5
mouse	SFRNGVGSGAKKTSFRRAKQ	2182.5
dog, chimp	SFRNGVGTGMKKTSFRRAKS	2215.6
chicken	SFRNGVGSGIKKTSFRRAKS	2183.5
consensus	SFRNGVGxGXKKTSFxRAKx	N/A