Neuropeptide S
| edit |
| neuropeptide S | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||||
| Symbol | NPS | ||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 609513 MGI: 3642232 HomoloGene: 106066 GeneCards: NPS Gene | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| Orthologs | |||||||||||
| Species | Human | Mouse | |||||||||
| Entrez | 594857 | 100043254 | |||||||||
| Ensembl | ENSG00000214285 | ENSMUSG00000073804 | |||||||||
| UniProt | P0C0P6 | P0C0P8 | |||||||||
| RefSeq (mRNA) | NM_001030013 | XM_001479305 | |||||||||
| RefSeq (protein) | NP_001025184 | NP_001157083 | |||||||||
| Location (UCSC) | Chr 10: 129.24 - 129.24 Mb | Chr 7: 142.46 - 142.46 Mb | |||||||||
| PubMed search | [1] | [2] | |||||||||
Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a neuropeptide found in human and mammalian brain, mainly produced by neurons in the amygdala and between Barrington's nucleus and the locus coeruleus, although NPS-responsive neurons extend projections into many other brain areas.[1][2][3] NPS binds specifically to a newly de-orphaned G protein-coupled receptor, NPSR.[4][5] Animal studies show that NPS suppresses anxiety and appetite, induces wakefulness and hyperactivity, including hyper-sexuality, and plays a significant role in the extinction of conditioned fear.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] It has also been shown to significantly enhance dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway.[12]
Synthetic ligands
The non-peptide NPS receptor antagonist SHA-68 blocks the effects of NPS in animals and is anxiogenic.[13] Several peptide derived NPS agonists and antagonists have also been developed.[14][15][16][17][18]
Peptide sequence
Below are the sequences of mature neuropeptide S in several representative species in which it is expressed:
| species | sequence | MW |
|---|---|---|
| human | SFRNGVGTGMKKTSFQRAKS
|
2187.5 |
| rat | SFRNGVGSGVKKTSFRRAKQ
|
2210.5 |
| mouse | SFRNGVGSGAKKTSFRRAKQ
|
2182.5 |
| dog, chimp | SFRNGVGTGMKKTSFRRAKS
|
2215.6 |
| chicken | SFRNGVGSGIKKTSFRRAKS
|
2183.5 |
| consensus | SFRNGVGxGXKKTSFxRAKx
|
N/A |
References
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- ↑ Meis S, Bergado-Acosta JR, Yanagawa Y, Obata K, Stork O, Munsch T (2008). "Identification of a neuropeptide S responsive circuitry shaping amygdala activity via the endopiriform nucleus". PLoS ONE. 3 (7): e2695. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002695. PMC 2442874 Freely accessible. PMID 18628994.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
- ↑ Reinscheid RK (2008). "Neuropeptide S: anatomy, pharmacology, genetics and physiological functions". Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation. 46: 145–58. doi:10.1007/400_2007_051. PMID 18204825.
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