Cotinine

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Cotinine
File:Cotinine Structural Formulae.png
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(5S)-1-methyl-5-(3-pyridyl)pyrrolidin-2-one
Clinical data
Routes of
administration		 Oral, Smoked
Legal status
Legal status
  • ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Biological half-life 20 hours
Identifiers
CAS Number 486-56-6
ATC code none
PubChem CID 854019
ChemSpider 746405
Chemical data
Formula C10H12N2O
Molar mass 176.22 g/mol[[Script error: No such module "String".]]
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Not to be confused with cotinin.

Cotinine is an alkaloid found in tobacco and is also a metabolite of nicotine.[1][2] The word "cotinine" is an anagram of "nicotine". Cotinine is used as a biomarker for exposure to tobacco smoke and has also been sold as an antidepressant under the brand name Scotine.[1]

Similarly to nicotine, cotinine binds to, activates, and desensitizes neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, though at much lower potency in comparison.[3][4][2][5] It has demonstrated nootropic and antipsychotic-like effects in scientific research.[6][7]

Measure of tobacco smoke exposure

Cotinine has an in vivo half-life of approximately 20 hours, and is typically detectable for several days (up to one week) after the use of tobacco. The level of cotinine in the blood is proportionate to the amount of exposure to tobacco smoke, so it is a valuable indicator of tobacco smoke exposure, including secondary (passive) smoke.[8] People who smoke menthol cigarettes may retain cotinine in the blood for a longer period because menthol can compete with enzymatic metabolism of cotinine.[9] Genetic encoding of liver enzymes may also play a role, as African Americans routinely register higher blood cotinine levels than Caucasians.[10] Several variable factors (such as menthol cigarette preference and puff size) suggest that the explanation for this difference may be more complex than gender or race.[citation needed]

Drug tests can detect cotinine in the blood, urine, or saliva.

References

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Acetylcholinesterases
Ampakines
CX-516 • CX-546 • CX-614 • CX-691 • CX-717 • IDRA-21 • LY-404,187 • LY-503,430 • PEPA • Sunifiram • Unifiram
D1 Agonists
Eugeroics
GABAA α5 Inverse Agonists
H3 Antagonists
mACh Agonists
nACh Agonists
Racetams
Others


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de:Cotinin

es:Cotinina ja:コチニン

pl:Kotynina
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 David J. Triggle (1996). Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC. ISBN 0-412-46630-9. 
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  10. ↑ News, BBC (2007-03-17). "'Race role' in tobacco smoke risk". BBC NEWS. Retrieved 2007-03-18. 
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