2C-T-7
| 2C-T-7 | |
|---|---|
| File:2C-T-7.svg | |
| File:2C-T-7-3d-sticks.png | |
| 2-[2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(propylthio)phenyl]ethanamine | |
| Other names 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-n-propylthiophenethylamine | |
| style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2" | Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 207740-26-9 |
| ChemSpider | 21106233 |
| SMILES | Script error: No such module "collapsible list". |
| InChI | Script error: No such module "collapsible list". |
| InChI key | OLEVEPDJOFPJTF-UHFFFAOYAR |
| style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2" | Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C13H21NO2S |
| Molar mass | 255.38 g/mol |
| Melting point |
140-150 °C at 33.4 Pa |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) | |
| Infobox references | |
2C-T-7 is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. In his book PiHKAL (Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved), Alexander Shulgin lists the dosage range as 10 to 30 mg. 2C-T-7 is generally taken orally, and produces psychedelic and entheogenic effects that last 8 to 15 hours.[1] Up until Operation Web Tryp and three deaths, two of which involved the use of other drugs in addition to 2-C-T-7 and one which involved an excessive insufflated dose, 2C-T-7 was sold commercially in Dutch and Japanese smartshops and online, it is known on the streets as "Blue Mystic".[2][3]There has been little real research done on this chemical other than Shulgin's comments in PiHKAL and a few small animal studies mostly aimed at detecting metabolites.
Contents
Pharmacology
The mechanism that produces the psychedelic and entheogenic effects of 2C-T-7 is most likely to result from action as a 5-HT2A serotonin receptor agonist in the brain, a mechanism of action shared by all of the hallucinogenic tryptamines and phenethylamines.[4]
As the 2,5-desmethoxy derivative of 2C-T-7 has been shown to be a moderate monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor, 2C-T-7 may likewise have MAO-A inhibitory effects. If 2C-T-7 does have MAO-A inhibitory effects, then this could indicate that 2C-T-7 is more likely to induce serotonin syndrome, especially at high dosages, than other serotonergic hallucinogens,[5] which may contribute to the toxic effects of ephedrine and MDMA which have been shown to increase following MAO inhibition. (See: Deaths, infra)
Effects
2C-T-7 is psychedelic. In PiHKAL, Shulgin writes that the hallucinations are unique. He also comments on the tenseness of his muscles and his change in voice tone, which lasted some days. Shulgin suggested reading about amateur research on 2C-T-7's effects.[6] Erowid gives the following effects list:
Positive
- sense of well-being (enhanced lucidity, sense of inner peace)
- emotional opening
- significant closed and open eye visuals
- increased appreciation of music
Neutral
- sexual dysfunction
- general change in consciousness (as with most psychoactives)
- pupil dilation
- change in perception of time
- visual hallucinations
- auditory hallucinations
Negative
- arrhythmia
- paranoia
- psychotic break
- nausea and vomiting
- muscle tension
- insomnia
- muscle tremors and/or convulsions
- memory loss (at higher doses)
- hallucinations
- delirium (at higher doses) (potentially dangerous)
- violent behaviour (at higher doses)
- tachycardia
- death (when snorted in excess)
The drug can be taken orally or snorted, although nasal administration is reported to be extremely painful.[7] Use of 2C-T-7 as a nootropic at low doses of 1–10 mg has been reported, and it may be useful for this purpose in a similar manner to LSD, which shows modest stimulant and nootropic effects at doses of 10 µg.
Deaths
The Partnership for a Drug-Free America reports that 2C-T-7 can be lethal even in small doses[8], however; they provide no source for their claim and of the three known deaths of 2C-T-7 intoxicated individuals, all involved either excessive insufflated doses or the concomitant ingestion of other stimulants such as ephedrine and MDMA. There have been at least three reported deaths related to 2C-T-7 use as of August, 2007, mainly at insufflated doses of 30 mg or more[9][10] or combined with stimulants such as MDMA,[11] as well as a number of very bad trips and hospitalizations, these mostly followed insufflation of 2C-T-7. In January 2002, Rolling Stone published an article about 2C-T-7 entitled "The New (legal) Killer Drug",[12] although the legal status of the drug was misrepresented in the article, as 2C-T-7 was already illegal under the United States' analog act.[13] A detailed response on the website Disinformation challenged the accuracy of much of the reporting in that Rolling Stone article.[14]
All of these known deaths of individuals under the influence of 2C-T-7, therefore, occurred in those known either to be intoxicated with potentially deadly[15] stimulants such as ephedrine or MDMA or after the individual insufflated an excessive amount of 2C-T-7- excessive being an amount greater than necessary to induce the full range of the drug's effects, such as the reported 35 mg insufflated dose taken by the individual who died in the Fall of 2000. This reported dose was characterized as "excessive" by the US DEA. Additionally, ephedrine, itself an MAO inhibitor, and MDMA may interact with any monoamine oxidase inhibition by 2C-T-7, which is presently speculative, to increase the cardiotoxicity of MDMA or ephedrine[16], which together were known to be present in two of the three deaths of 2C-T-7-intoxicated individuals. Ephedrine's cardiovascular effects[17] have previously been shown to be potentiated by some MAO-A inhibitors[18]
Legality
Around the year 2000, 2C-T-7 began to change from an obscure chemical to a drug used at parties and clubs in North America and Europe as it became available through a number of grey-market commercial vendors. This aroused the attention of the authorities, and since many countries have scheduled the chemical.
Australia
In Australia, 2C-T-2 and 2C-T-7 are covered by the country's comparatively strict analogue drug laws.
Canada
2C-T-7 is unscheduled in Canada.
The Netherlands
The Netherlands was the first country in the world to ban 2C-T-7, after being sold in smartshops for a short period. After 2C-T-2 was first banned, 2C-T-7 quickly appeared on the market, but was soon banned as well. 2C-T-7 is a list I drug of the Opium Law.
Sweden
2C-T-2 became commercially available in Sweden in the summer of 1998, being sold in smartshops similar to those in the Netherlands. On April 1, 1999, both 2C-T-2 and 2C-T-7, along with MBDB, BDB, 2C-B and PMMA, were banned in Sweden. This was not done by appending these drugs to the country's normal drug laws, but by passing a new law, "Förordning (1999:58) om förbud mot vissa hälsofarliga varor," which banned the drugs as being materials dangerous to health.
UK
In 1999, Alexander Shulgin was sent a copy of a letter from the British Home Office to several of its administrative associates which in effect placed all compounds listed in PiHKAL into Class A.
US
On September 20, 2002, 2C-T-7 was classified as a Schedule I substance in the United States by an emergency ruling by the DEA. On March 18, 2004, the DEA published a Final Rule in the Federal Register permanently placing 2C-T-7 in Schedule I. (69 FR 12794).[19][20][21]
Notes
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External links
ru:2C-T-7- ↑ Alexander Shulgin. "PIHKAL #43".
- ↑ Platoni, Kara. "2C-T-7's Bad Trip". East Bay Express May 1, 2002: "In 1999 it made its first commercial appearance in Holland's drug-dealing smart shops in both tablet and powder form. It was given the street name "Blue Mystic," perhaps in order to differentiate it from its chemical cousin, another Shulgin creation named 2C-T-2"
- ↑ O'Connell, Chris. "A psychedelic summer". Newsweek Aug. 19 2002: http://www.newsweek.com/id/65381?tid=relatedcl
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
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- ↑ Shulgin, Dr Alexander (June 28, 2001). "2C-T-7". Ask Dr Shulgin. Centre for Cognitive Liberty and Ethics (COLE). Retrieved August 28, 2009.
- ↑ East Bay Express (January 2, 2007). "2C-T-7's Bad Trip".
- ↑ Partnership for a Drug-Free America. "2C-B, 2C-T-7". Retrieved October 4, 2006.
- ↑ Curtis, B. "Postmortem Identification and Quantitation of 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-n-propylthiophenethylamine Using GC-MSD and GC-NPD." Journal of Analytical Toxicology 27.7 (2003): 493-98: "This compound was initially identified from a routine screening procedure in postmortem urine from a 20-year-old male that died in a local emergency room after reportedly insufflating 35 mg."
- ↑ Platoni, Chris. "A psychedelic summer". East Bay Express May 1, 2002: "In the same month, Joshua Robbins, a seventeen-year-old from Cordova, Tennessee died after snorting between thirty and thirty-five milligrams of 2C-T-7, not long after taking several other stimulant drugs. According to Rolling Stone, which ran an article on Robbins' death, in the twelve hours before he died Robbins also had consumed Ecstasy, nitrous oxide, and a "mini-thin" containing ephedrine and guaifenisen."
- ↑ "In the fall of 2000, a young healthy male died following snorting an excessive amount of 2C-T-7. Since this initial 2C-T-7-related death, two additional deaths reported in April 2001 have been linked to 2C-T-7. These two deaths resulted from the co-abuse of 2C-T-7 with MDMA." http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugs_concern/2ct7.htm
- ↑ "The New (Legal) Killer Drug". Rolling Stone January 10, 2002 issue 888: 44-49.
- ↑ 21 USC §813
- ↑ "the new (hip) drug hysteria: a journey into rolling stone's abandonment of journalistic ethics" by Ken Lilly on Disinformation (2002): http://www.disinfo.com/archive/pages/article/id2071/pg1/index.html
- ↑ Baldessarini M.D., Ross J. "SYMPOSIUM: BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION BY DRUGSI. PHARMACOLOGY OF THE AMPHETAMINES." Pediatrics 49.5 (May 1972): 694-701.
- ↑ Breunig, Jan. "Mixing Medicines, Foods, Herbs, and Surgery: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)." Plastic Surgical Nursing Pharmacology Review 23.2 (2003): 73-74.
- ↑ Dept. Pharmacologie, Universite De Geneve, Switzerlan, Kalix P. "The Pharmacology of Psychoactive Alkaloids from Ephedra and Catha." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 32.32 (1991): 201-8.
- ↑ Dingemanse, J., and T. Guentert. "Modification of the Cardiovascular Effects of Ephedrine by the Reversible Monoamine Oxidase A-Inhibitor Moclobemide." Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 28.6 (Dec 1996): 856-61
- ↑ DEA. "Micgrogram Bulletin Jan 2004".
- ↑ U.S. Department of Justice. "2C-T-7 Fast Facts" (PDF).
- ↑ List of Schedule 1 drugs on the DEA Office of Diversion Control website
