Niaprazine

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Niaprazine
File:Niaprazine.svg
Systematic (IUPAC) name
N-{4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazin- 1-yl]butan- 2-yl}pyridine- 3-carb​oxamide
Clinical data
Routes of
administration		 Oral
Legal status
Legal status
  • ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Biological half-life ~4.5 hours
Identifiers
CAS Number 27367-90-4
ATC code N05CM16 (WHO)
PubChem CID 71919
ChemSpider 64930
Chemical data
Formula C20H25FN4O
Molar mass 356.437 g/mol[[Script error: No such module "String".]]
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Niaprazine (Nopron) is a sedative-hypnotic drug of the phenylpiperazine class.[1] It has been used in the treatment of sleep disturbances since the early 1970s in several European countries, including France, Italy, and Luxembourg.[2][3] It is commonly used with children and adolescents on account of its favorable safety and tolerability profile and lack of abuse potential.[4][5][6][7][8][9]

Originally believed to act as an antihistamine and anticholinergic,[10] niaprazine was later discovered to have no significant binding affinity for either the H1 or the mACh receptors (Ki = > 1 μM), and was instead found to act as a potent and selective 5-HT2A and α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist (Ki = 75 nM and 86 nM, respectively).[11] It is virtually inactive at 5-HT1A, 5-HT2B, D2, and β-adrenergic, as well as at SERT and VMAT (Ki = all > 1 μM), but it does have some weak affinity for the α2-adrenergic receptor (Ki = 730 nM),[11] likely acting as an antagonist there as well.

Niaprazine has been shown to metabolize to the compound pFPP in a similar manner to how trazodone and nefazodone metabolize to mCPP.[12][13] It is unclear what role, if any, pFPP plays in the clinical effects of niaprazine.[11] However, from animal studies it is known that pFPP, unlike niaprazine, does not produce sedative effects, and instead exerts a behavioral profile indicative of serotonergic activation.[12]

See also

References

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GABAA receptor
Ultrashort-acting
Short/intermediate-
acting
Long-acting
Ungrouped
Short-acting
Intermediate-acting
Long-acting
Dialkylphenols
Alpha-2 adrenergic
receptor
Melatonin receptor
Histamine receptor &
Acetylcholine receptor
5-HT2A &
α1-adrenergic
Selective 5-HT2A & α1-adrenergic antagonists
Etoperidone • Nefazodone • Niaprazine • Trazodone
GABAB receptor /
GHB receptor
GHB Type
Orexin receptors
Orexin antagonists
Other receptors/
ungrouped
Other

M: PSO/PSI

dsrd (o, p, m, p, a, d, s), sysi/epon, spvo

proc, drug(N5A/5B/5C/6A/6B/6D)

fr:Niaprazine
  1. ↑ Kent, Angela; M. Billiard (2003). Sleep: physiology, investigations, and medicine. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum. ISBN 0-306-47406-9. 
  2. ↑ Swiss Pharmaceutical Society (2000). Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory (Book with CD-ROM). Boca Raton: Medpharm Scientific Publishers. ISBN 3-88763-075-0. 
  3. ↑ David J. Triggle (1996). Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC. ISBN 0-412-46630-9. 
  4. ↑ Franzoni E, Masoni P, Mambelli M, Marzano P, Donati C (1987). "[Niaprazine in behavior disorders in children. Double-blind comparison with placebo]". La Pediatria Medica E Chirurgica : Medical and Surgical Pediatrics (in Italian). 9 (2): 185–7. PMID 2958783. 
  5. ↑ Bodiou C, Bavoux F (1988). "[Niaprazine and side effects in pediatrics. Cooperative evaluation of French centers of pharmacovigilance]". Thérapie (in French). 43 (4): 307–11. PMID 2903572. 
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  7. ↑ Montanari G, Schiaulini P, Covre A, Steffan A, Furlanut M (1992). "Niaprazine vs chlordesmethyldiazepam in sleep disturbances in pediatric outpatients". Pharmacological Research : the Official Journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society. 25 Suppl 1: 83–4. PMID 1354861. 
  8. ↑ Younus M, Labellarte MJ (2002). "Insomnia in children: when are hypnotics indicated?". Paediatric Drugs. 4 (6): 391–403. PMID 12038875. 
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  10. ↑ Duchene-Marullaz P, Rispat G, Perriere JP, Hache J, Labrid C (1971). "[Some pharmacodynamical properties of niaprazine, a new antihistaminic agent]". Thérapie (in French). 26 (6): 1203–9. PMID 4401719. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Scherman D, Hamon M, Gozlan H; et al. (1988). "Molecular pharmacology of niaprazine". Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 12 (6): 989–1001. doi:10.1016/0278-5846(88)90093-0. PMID 2853885. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  13. ↑ International review of neurobiology. New York: Academic Press. 1988. ISBN 0-12-366829-8. 
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