VIPR2

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Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2
Identifiers
SymbolsVIPR2; FLJ16511; VPAC2
External IDsOMIM: 601970 MGI: 107166 HomoloGene: 2540 IUPHAR: VPAC2 GeneCards: VIPR2 Gene
RNA expression pattern
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More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez743422355
EnsemblENSG00000106018ENSMUSG00000011171
UniProtP41587P41588
RefSeq (mRNA)NM_003382XM_987059
RefSeq (protein)NP_003373XP_992153
Location (UCSC)Chr 7:
158.51 - 158.63 Mb		Chr 12:
117.32 - 117.38 Mb
PubMed search[1][2]

Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 (VPAC2, is a G-protein coupled receptor encoded by the VIPR2 gene[1]. It is expressed in humans in the uterus, prostate, smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract, seminal vesicles and skin, blood vessels and thymus [2] [3]. Research using VPAC2 knockout mice implicate it in the function of the circadian clock, growth, basal energy expenditure and male reproduction [4] [5] [6] [7]

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP; MIM 192320) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP; MIM 102980) are homologous peptides that function as neurotransmitters and neuroendocrine hormones. While the receptors for VIP and PACAP share homology, they differ in their substrate specificities and expression patterns. See VIPR1 (MIM 192321) and ADCYAP1R1(MIM 102981).[supplied by OMIM][1]

See also

External links

References

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Further reading

  • Goetzl EJ, Pankhaniya RR, Gaufo GO; et al. (1998). "Selectivity of effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide on macrophages and lymphocytes in compartmental immune responses". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 840: 540–50. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09593.x. PMID 9629281. 
  • Adamou JE, Aiyar N, Van Horn S, Elshourbagy NA (1995). "Cloning and functional characterization of the human vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-2 receptor". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 209 (2): 385–92. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.1515. PMID 7733904. 
  • Svoboda M, Tastenoy M, Van Rampelbergh J; et al. (1995). "Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a human VIP receptor from SUP-T1 lymphoblasts". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 205 (3): 1617–24. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.2852. PMID 7811244. 
  • Inagaki N, Yoshida H, Mizuta M; et al. (1994). "Cloning and functional characterization of a third pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor subtype expressed in insulin-secreting cells". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (7): 2679–83. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.7.2679. PMC 43433 Freely accessible. PMID 8146174. 
  • Xia M, Gaufo GO, Wang Q; et al. (1996). "Transduction of specific inhibition of HuT 78 human T cell chemotaxis by type I vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors". J. Immunol. 157 (3): 1132–8. PMID 8757618. 
  • Wei Y, Mojsov S (1997). "Tissue specific expression of different human receptor types for pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide: implications for their role in human physiology". J. Neuroendocrinol. 8 (11): 811–7. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.1996.05191.x. PMID 8933357. 
  • Mackay M, Fantes J, Scherer S; et al. (1997). "Chromosomal localization in mouse and human of the vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor type 2 gene: a possible contributor to the holoprosencephaly 3 phenotype". Genomics. 37 (3): 345–53. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0569. PMID 8938447. 
  • Nicole P, Du K, Couvineau A, Laburthe M (1998). "Site-directed mutagenesis of human vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor subtypes VIP1 and VIP2: evidence for difference in the structure-function relationship". J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 284 (2): 744–50. PMID 9454823. 
  • Dewit D, Gourlet P, Amraoui Z; et al. (1998). "The vasoactive intestinal peptide analogue RO25-1553 inhibits the production of TNF and IL-12 by LPS-activated monocytes". Immunol. Lett. 60 (1): 57–60. doi:10.1016/S0165-2478(97)00129-6. PMID 9541464. 
  • Lutz EM, Shen S, Mackay M; et al. (1999). "Structure of the human VIPR2 gene for vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor type 2". FEBS Lett. 458 (2): 197–203. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(99)01135-7. PMID 10481065. 
  • Busto R, Prieto JC, Bodega G; et al. (2000). "Immunohistochemical localization and distribution of VIP/PACAP receptors in human lung". Peptides. 21 (2): 265–9. doi:10.1016/S0196-9781(99)00202-8. PMID 10764955. 
  • Nicole P, Lins L, Rouyer-Fessard C; et al. (2000). "Identification of key residues for interaction of vasoactive intestinal peptide with human VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors and development of a highly selective VPAC1 receptor agonist. Alanine scanning and molecular modeling of the peptide". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (31): 24003–12. doi:10.1074/jbc.M002325200. PMID 10801840. 
  • Bajo AM, Juarranz MG, Valenzuela P; et al. (2001). "Expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptors in human uterus". Peptides. 21 (9): 1383–8. doi:10.1016/S0196-9781(00)00282-5. PMID 11072126. 
  • Lara-Marquez M, O'Dorisio M, O'Dorisio T; et al. (2001). "Selective gene expression and activation-dependent regulation of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor type 1 and type 2 in human T cells". J. Immunol. 166 (4): 2522–30. PMID 11160313. 
  • Lara-Marquez ML, O'Dorisio MS, Karacay B (2001). "Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor type 2 (VPAC2) is the predominant receptor expressed in human thymocytes". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 921: 45–54. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06950.x. PMID 11193874. 
  • Groneberg DA, Hartmann P, Dinh QT, Fischer A (2001). "Expression and distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor VPAC(2) mRNA in human airways". Lab. Invest. 81 (5): 749–55. doi:10.1038/labinvest.3780283. PMID 11351046. 
  • Juarranz MG, Bolaños O, Gutiérrez-Cañas I; et al. (2002). "Neuroendocrine differentiation of the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line maintains the expression and function of VIP and PACAP receptors". Cell. Signal. 13 (12): 887–94. doi:10.1016/S0898-6568(01)00199-1. PMID 11728828. 
  • Fischer TC, Dinh QT, Peiser C; et al. (2002). "Simultaneous detection of receptor mRNA and ligand protein in human skin tissues". J. Cutan. Pathol. 29 (2): 65–71. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0560.2002.290201.x. PMID 12150135. 
  • Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH; et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241 Freely accessible. PMID 12477932. 
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This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

Class A: Rhodopsin like
α1 (A, B, D) · α2 (A, B, C) · β1 · β2 · β3
Adenosine (A1, A2A, A2B, A3) · P2Y (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)
(all but 5-HT3) 5-HT1 (A, B, D, E, F) · 5-HT2 (A, B, C) · 5-HT (4, 5A, 6, 7)
Other
Acetylcholine (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) · Dopamine (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5) · Histamine (H1, H2, H3, H4) · Melatonin (1A, 1B, 1C) · TAAR (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9)
Metabolites and
signaling molecules
CysLT (1, 2) · LTB4 (1, 2) · FPRL1 · OXE · Prostaglandin (DP (1, 2), EP (1, 2, 3, 4), FP) · Prostacyclin · Thromboxane
Other
Bile acid · Cannabinoid (CB1, CB2, GPR (18, 55, 119)) · EBI2 · Estrogen · Free fatty acid (1, 2, 3, 4) · Lactate  · Lysophosphatidic acid (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)  · Lysophospholipid (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) · Niacin (1, 2) · Oxoglutarate · PAF · Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) · Succinate
Peptide
B/W (1, 2) · FF (1, 2) · S · Y (1, 2, 4, 5) · Neuromedin (B, U (1, 2)) · Neurotensin (1, 2)
Other
Miscellaneous
GPR (1, 3, 4, 6, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39, 42, 44, 45, 50, 52, 55, 61, 62, 63, 65, 68, 75, 77, 78, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 92, 101, 103, 109A, 109B, 119, 120, 132, 135, 137B, 139, 141, 142, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 160, 161, 162, 171, 173, 174, 176, 177, 182, 183)
Other
Class B: Secretin like
GPR (56, 64, 97, 98, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 133, 143, 144, 155, 157)
Other
Class C: Metabotropic
glutamate / pheromone
TAS1R (1, 2, 3) · TAS2R (1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 19, 20, 30, 31, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 50)
Other
Class F:
Frizzled / Smoothened
Frizzled
Frizzled (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
Smoothened
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: VIPR2 vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2". 
  2. ↑ Reubi JC (2000). "In vitro evaluation of VIP/PACAP receptors in healthy and diseased human tissues. Clinical implications". Ann N Y Acad Sci. 921: 1–25. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06946.x. PMID 11193811. 
  3. ↑ Reubi JC, Laderach U, Waser B, Gebbers JO, Robberecht P, Laissue JA (2000). "Vasoactive intestinal peptide/pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide receptor subtypes in human tumors and their tissues of origin". Cancer Res. 60 (11): 3105–3112. PMID 10850463. 
  4. ↑ Harmar AJ, Marston HM, Shen S, Spratt C, West KM, Sheward WJ, Morrison CF, Dorin JR, Piggins HD, Reubi JC, Kelly JS, Maywood ES, Hastings MH. (2002). "The VPAC2 receptor is essential for circadian function in the mouse suprachiasmatic nuclei". Cell. 109 (4): 497–508. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00736-5. PMID 12086606. 
  5. ↑ Cutler DJ, Haraura M, Reed HE, Shen S, Sheward WJ, Morrison CF, Marston HM, Harmar AJ and Piggins HD. (2003). "The mouse VPAC2 receptor confers suprachiasmatic nuclei cellular rhythmicity and responsiveness to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in vitro". Eur J Neurosci. 17 (2): 197–204. doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02425.x. PMID 12542655. 
  6. ↑ Hughes AT, Fahey B, Cutler DJ, Coogan AN and Piggins HD. (2004). "Aberrant gating of photic input to the suprachiasmatic circadian pacemaker of mice lacking the VPAC2 receptor". J Neurosci. 24 (14): 3522–3526. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5345-03.2004. PMID 15071099. 
  7. ↑ Asnicar MA, Koster A, Heiman ML, Tinsley F, Smith DP, Galbreath E, Fox N, Ma YL, Blum WF and Hsiung HM. (2002). "Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide/pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide receptor 2 deficiency in mice results in growth retardation and increased basal metabolic rate". Endocrinology. 143 (10): 3994–4006. doi:10.1210/en.2002-220354. PMID 12239111. 
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