Growth hormone releasing hormone receptor

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Growth hormone releasing hormone receptor
Identifiers
SymbolsGHRHR; GHRFR; GHRHRpsv; GRFR
External IDsOMIM: 139191 MGI: 95710 HomoloGene: 640 IUPHAR: GHRH GeneCards: GHRHR Gene
RNA expression pattern
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More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez269214602
EnsemblENSG00000106128ENSMUSG00000004654
UniProtQ02643Q0VB62
RefSeq (mRNA)NM_000823NM_001003685
RefSeq (protein)NP_000814NP_001003685
Location (UCSC)Chr 7:
30.97 - 30.99 Mb		Chr 6:
55.31 - 55.32 Mb
PubMed search[1][2]

The growth hormone releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR) is a G-protein coupled receptor which binds growth hormone releasing hormone. The GHRHR activates a Gs protein that causes a cascade of cAMP via Adenylate cyclase.[1]

This gene, expressed in the pituitary, encodes a receptor for growth hormone-releasing hormone. Binding of this hormone to the receptor leads to synthesis and release of growth hormone. Mutations in this gene have been associated with isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD), also known as Dwarfism of Sindh, a disorder characterized by short stature. Many alternate transcriptional splice variants encoding different isoforms have been described, but only two have been characterized to date.[2]

References

  1. ↑ Gaylinn BD (2002). "Growth hormone releasing hormone receptor". Recept. Channels. 8 (3-4): 155–62. doi:10.1080/10606820213679. PMID 12529933. 
  2. ↑ "Entrez Gene: GHRHR growth hormone releasing hormone receptor". 

Further reading

  • Gaylinn BD (1999). "Molecular and cell biology of the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor". Growth Horm. IGF Res. 9 Suppl A: 37–44. doi:10.1016/S1096-6374(99)80008-2. PMID 10429879. 
  • Lin-Su K, Wajnrajch MP (2003). "Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) and the GHRH Receptor". Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders. 3 (4): 313–23. doi:10.1023/A:1020949507265. PMID 12424433. 
  • Mayo KE (1992). "Molecular cloning and expression of a pituitary-specific receptor for growth hormone-releasing hormone". Mol. Endocrinol. 6 (10): 1734–44. doi:10.1210/me.6.10.1734. PMID 1333056. 
  • Squire J, Zhou A, Hassel BA; et al. (1994). "Localization of the interferon-induced, 2-5A-dependent RNase gene (RNS4) to human chromosome 1q25". Genomics. 19 (1): 174–5. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1033. PMID 7514564. 
  • Hashimoto K, Koga M, Motomura T; et al. (1995). "Identification of alternatively spliced messenger ribonucleic acid encoding truncated growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor in human pituitary adenomas". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 80 (10): 2933–9. doi:10.1210/jc.80.10.2933. PMID 7559877. 
  • Tang J, Lagacé G, Castagné J, Collu R (1995). "Identification of human growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor splicing variants". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 80 (8): 2381–7. doi:10.1210/jc.80.8.2381. PMID 7629234. 
  • Gaylinn BD, Harrison JK, Zysk JR; et al. (1993). "Molecular cloning and expression of a human anterior pituitary receptor for growth hormone-releasing hormone". Mol. Endocrinol. 7 (1): 77–84. doi:10.1210/me.7.1.77. PMID 7680413. 
  • Gaylinn BD, von Kap-Herr C, Golden WL, Thorner MO (1994). "Assignment of the human growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor gene (GHRHR) to 7p14 by in situ hybridization". Genomics. 19 (1): 193–5. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1045. PMID 8188233. 
  • Wajnrajch MP, Gertner JM, Harbison MD; et al. (1996). "Nonsense mutation in the human growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor causes growth failure analogous to the little (lit) mouse". Nat. Genet. 12 (1): 88–90. doi:10.1038/ng0196-88. PMID 8528260. 
  • Netchine I, Talon P, Dastot F; et al. (1998). "Extensive phenotypic analysis of a family with growth hormone (GH) deficiency caused by a mutation in the GH-releasing hormone receptor gene". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83 (2): 432–6. doi:10.1210/jc.83.2.432. PMID 9467553. 
  • Petersenn S, Rasch AC, Heyens M, Schulte HM (1998). "Structure and regulation of the human growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor gene". Mol. Endocrinol. 12 (2): 233–47. doi:10.1210/me.12.2.233. PMID 9482665. 
  • Maheshwari HG, Silverman BL, Dupuis J, Baumann G (1998). "Phenotype and genetic analysis of a syndrome caused by an inactivating mutation in the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor: Dwarfism of Sindh". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83 (11): 4065–74. doi:10.1210/jc.83.11.4065. PMID 9814493. 
  • Salvatori R, Hayashida CY, Aguiar-Oliveira MH; et al. (1999). "Familial dwarfism due to a novel mutation of the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor gene". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84 (3): 917–23. doi:10.1210/jc.84.3.917. PMID 10084571. 
  • Morel G, Gallego R, Boulanger L; et al. (2000). "Restricted presence of the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor to somatotropes in rat and human pituitaries". Neuroendocrinology. 70 (2): 128–36. doi:10.1159/000054467. PMID 10461027. 
  • Rekasi Z, Czompoly T, Schally AV, Halmos G (2000). "Isolation and sequencing of cDNAs for splice variants of growth hormone-releasing hormone receptors from human cancers". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (19): 10561–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.180313297. PMC 27064 Freely accessible. PMID 10962031. 
  • Salvatori R, Fan X, Phillips JA; et al. (2001). "Three new mutations in the gene for the growth hormone (gh)-releasing hormone receptor in familial isolated gh deficiency type ib". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86 (1): 273–9. doi:10.1210/jc.86.1.273. PMID 11232012. 
  • Kiaris H, Schally AV, Busto R; et al. (2002). "Expression of a splice variant of the receptor for GHRH in 3T3 fibroblasts activates cell proliferation responses to GHRH analogs". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (1): 196–200. doi:10.1073/pnas.012590999. PMC 117538 Freely accessible. PMID 11773624. 
  • Salvatori R, Fan X, Mullis PE; et al. (2002). "Decreased expression of the GHRH receptor gene due to a mutation in a Pit-1 binding site". Mol. Endocrinol. 16 (3): 450–8. doi:10.1210/me.16.3.450. PMID 11875102. 
  • Plonowski A, Schally AV, Busto R; et al. (2003). "Expression of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and splice variants of GHRH receptors in human experimental prostate cancers". Peptides. 23 (6): 1127–33. doi:10.1016/S0196-9781(02)00043-8. PMID 12126741. 

External links

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This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

Class A: Rhodopsin like
α1 (A, B, D) · α2 (A, B, C) · β1 · β2 · β3
Adenosine (A1, A2A, A2B, A3) · P2Y (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)
(all but 5-HT3) 5-HT1 (A, B, D, E, F) · 5-HT2 (A, B, C) · 5-HT (4, 5A, 6, 7)
Other
Acetylcholine (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) · Dopamine (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5) · Histamine (H1, H2, H3, H4) · Melatonin (1A, 1B, 1C) · TAAR (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9)
Metabolites and
signaling molecules
CysLT (1, 2) · LTB4 (1, 2) · FPRL1 · OXE · Prostaglandin (DP (1, 2), EP (1, 2, 3, 4), FP) · Prostacyclin · Thromboxane
Other
Bile acid · Cannabinoid (CB1, CB2, GPR (18, 55, 119)) · EBI2 · Estrogen · Free fatty acid (1, 2, 3, 4) · Lactate  · Lysophosphatidic acid (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)  · Lysophospholipid (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) · Niacin (1, 2) · Oxoglutarate · PAF · Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) · Succinate
Peptide
B/W (1, 2) · FF (1, 2) · S · Y (1, 2, 4, 5) · Neuromedin (B, U (1, 2)) · Neurotensin (1, 2)
Other
Miscellaneous
GPR (1, 3, 4, 6, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39, 42, 44, 45, 50, 52, 55, 61, 62, 63, 65, 68, 75, 77, 78, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 92, 101, 103, 109A, 109B, 119, 120, 132, 135, 137B, 139, 141, 142, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 160, 161, 162, 171, 173, 174, 176, 177, 182, 183)
Other
Class B: Secretin like
GPR (56, 64, 97, 98, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 133, 143, 144, 155, 157)
Other
Class C: Metabotropic
glutamate / pheromone
TAS1R (1, 2, 3) · TAS2R (1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 19, 20, 30, 31, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 50)
Other
Class F:
Frizzled / Smoothened
Frizzled
Frizzled (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
Smoothened
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