Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4

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Glutamate receptor, metabotropic 4
Identifiers
SymbolsGRM4; GPRC1D; MGLUR4; mGlu4
External IDsOMIM: 604100 MGI: 1351341 HomoloGene: 20230 IUPHAR: mGlu4 GeneCards: GRM4 Gene
RNA expression pattern
250px
More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez2914268934
EnsemblENSG00000124493ENSMUSG00000063239
UniProtQ14833Q68EF4
RefSeq (mRNA)NM_000841NM_001013385
RefSeq (protein)NP_000832NP_001013403
Location (UCSC)Chr 6:
34.1 - 34.23 Mb		Chr 17:
27.15 - 27.23 Mb
PubMed search[1][2]

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRM4 gene.[1][2][3]

Together with GRM6, GRM7 and GRM8 it belongs to group III of the metabotropic glutamate receptor family. Group III receptors are linked to the inhibition of the cyclic AMP cascade.[3] Activation of GRM4 has potential therapeutic benefits in the treatment of parkinson's disease. "Taste-GRM4" is involved in the perception of umami.

Ligands

Orthosteric

  • LSP1-2111, LSP1-3081: agonists

Allosteric

  • heterobiaryl amides 9b and 9c: positive allosteric modulators (PAM)[4]
  • VU-001171: PAM with EC50 = 650 nM, 141% Glu Max, 36-fold shift[5]
  • VU-0155041: subtype-selectve PAM, intrinsic allosteric agonist activity, robust in-vivo activity[6]
  • PHCCC: PAM of mGluR4, negative allosteric modulator of mGluR1,[7] direct agonist at mGluR6[8]

References

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External links

Further reading

  • Flor PJ, Lukic S, Rüegg D; et al. (1995). "Molecular cloning, functional expression and pharmacological characterization of the human metabotropic glutamate receptor type 4". Neuropharmacology. 34 (2): 149–55. doi:10.1016/0028-3908(94)00149-M. PMID 7617140. 
  • Scherer SW, Duvoisin RM, Kuhn R; et al. (1997). "Localization of two metabotropic glutamate receptor genes, GRM3 and GRM8, to human chromosome 7q". Genomics. 31 (2): 230–3. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0036. PMID 8824806. 
  • Gomeza J, Mary S, Brabet I; et al. (1996). "Coupling of metabotropic glutamate receptors 2 and 4 to G alpha 15, G alpha 16, and chimeric G alpha q/i proteins: characterization of new antagonists". Mol. Pharmacol. 50 (4): 923–30. PMID 8863838. 
  • Fu M, Wang C, Reutens AT; et al. (2000). "p300 and p300/cAMP-response element-binding protein-associated factor acetylate the androgen receptor at sites governing hormone-dependent transactivation". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (27): 20853–60. doi:10.1074/jbc.M000660200. PMID 10779504. 
  • Barbon A, Ferraboli S, Barlati S (2000). "Assignment of the human metabotropic glutamate receptor gene GRM4 to chromosome 6 band p21.3 by radiation hybrid mapping". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 88 (3-4): 210. doi:10.1159/000015551. PMID 10828590. 
  • Ohtsuki T, Toru M, Arinami T (2002). "Mutation screening of the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR4 (GRM4) gene in patients with schizophrenia". Psychiatr. Genet. 11 (2): 79–83. doi:10.1097/00041444-200106000-00004. PMID 11525421. 
  • Erdemir T, Bilican B, Oncel D; et al. (2002). "DNA damage-dependent interaction of the nuclear matrix protein C1D with Translin-associated factor X (TRAX)". J. Cell. Sci. 115 (Pt 1): 207–16. PMID 11801738. 
  • Collard CD, Park KA, Montalto MC; et al. (2002). "Neutrophil-derived glutamate regulates vascular endothelial barrier function". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (17): 14801–11. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110557200. PMID 11847215. 
  • Enz R (2002). "The actin-binding protein Filamin-A interacts with the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 7". FEBS Lett. 514 (2-3): 184–8. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)02361-X. PMID 11943148. 
  • Gaughan L, Logan IR, Cook S; et al. (2002). "Tip60 and histone deacetylase 1 regulate androgen receptor activity through changes to the acetylation status of the receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (29): 25904–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.M203423200. PMID 11994312. 
  • Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK; et al. (2003). "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6". Nature. 425 (6960): 805–11. doi:10.1038/nature02055. PMID 14574404. 
  • Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T; et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039. 
  • Iacovelli L, Capobianco L, Iula M; et al. (2004). "Regulation of mGlu4 metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling by type-2 G-protein coupled receptor kinase (GRK2)". Mol. Pharmacol. 65 (5): 1103–10. doi:10.1124/mol.65.5.1103. PMID 15102938. 
  • Hermit MB, Greenwood JR, Bräuner-Osborne H (2004). "Mutation-induced quisqualic acid and ibotenic acid affinity at the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 4: ligand selectivity results from a synergy of several amino acid residues". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (33): 34811–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M404109200. PMID 15184361. 
  • Yoo BC, Jeon E, Hong SH; et al. (2005). "Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4-mediated 5-Fluorouracil resistance in a human colon cancer cell line". Clin. Cancer Res. 10 (12 Pt 1): 4176–84. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-1114-03. PMID 15217955. 
  • Chang HJ, Yoo BC, Lim SB; et al. (2005). "Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 expression in colorectal carcinoma and its prognostic significance". Clin. Cancer Res. 11 (9): 3288–95. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-1912. PMID 15867225. 
  • Mathiesen JM, Ramirez MT (2006). "The metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 is internalized and desensitized upon protein kinase C activation". Br. J. Pharmacol. 148 (3): 279–90. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706733. PMC 1751557 Freely accessible. PMID 16582932. 
  • Iacovelli L, Arcella A, Battaglia G; et al. (2006). "Pharmacological activation of mGlu4 metabotropic glutamate receptors inhibits the growth of medulloblastomas". J. Neurosci. 26 (32): 8388–97. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2285-06.2006. PMID 16899734. 

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

Class A: Rhodopsin like
α1 (A, B, D) · α2 (A, B, C) · β1 · β2 · β3
Adenosine (A1, A2A, A2B, A3) · P2Y (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)
(all but 5-HT3) 5-HT1 (A, B, D, E, F) · 5-HT2 (A, B, C) · 5-HT (4, 5A, 6, 7)
Other
Acetylcholine (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) · Dopamine (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5) · Histamine (H1, H2, H3, H4) · Melatonin (1A, 1B, 1C) · TAAR (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9)
Metabolites and
signaling molecules
CysLT (1, 2) · LTB4 (1, 2) · FPRL1 · OXE · Prostaglandin (DP (1, 2), EP (1, 2, 3, 4), FP) · Prostacyclin · Thromboxane
Other
Bile acid · Cannabinoid (CB1, CB2, GPR (18, 55, 119)) · EBI2 · Estrogen · Free fatty acid (1, 2, 3, 4) · Lactate  · Lysophosphatidic acid (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)  · Lysophospholipid (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) · Niacin (1, 2) · Oxoglutarate · PAF · Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) · Succinate
Peptide
B/W (1, 2) · FF (1, 2) · S · Y (1, 2, 4, 5) · Neuromedin (B, U (1, 2)) · Neurotensin (1, 2)
Other
Miscellaneous
GPR (1, 3, 4, 6, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39, 42, 44, 45, 50, 52, 55, 61, 62, 63, 65, 68, 75, 77, 78, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 92, 101, 103, 109A, 109B, 119, 120, 132, 135, 137B, 139, 141, 142, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 160, 161, 162, 171, 173, 174, 176, 177, 182, 183)
Other
Class B: Secretin like
GPR (56, 64, 97, 98, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 133, 143, 144, 155, 157)
Other
Class C: Metabotropic
glutamate / pheromone
TAS1R (1, 2, 3) · TAS2R (1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 19, 20, 30, 31, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 50)
Other
Class F:
Frizzled / Smoothened
Frizzled
Frizzled (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
Smoothened


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pt:Receptor metabotrópico de glutamato 4
  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: GRM4 glutamate receptor, metabotropic 4". 
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  5. ↑ Williams R, Niswender CM, Luo Q, Le U, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW (2009). "Positive allosteric modulators of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 4 (mGluR4). Part II: Challenges in hit-to-lead". Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 19 (3): 962–6. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.11.104. PMID 19097893. 
  6. ↑ Niswender CM, Johnson KA, Weaver CD; et al. (2008). "Discovery, characterization, and antiparkinsonian effect of novel positive allosteric modulators of metabotropic glutamate receptor 4". Mol. Pharmacol. 74 (5): 1345. doi:10.1124/mol.108.049551. PMC 2574552 Freely accessible. PMID 18664603. 
  7. ↑ Watkins JC, Jane DE (2006). "The glutamate story". British journal of pharmacology. 147 Suppl 1: S100–8. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706444. PMC 1760733 Freely accessible. PMID 16402093. 
  8. ↑ Beqollari D, Kammermeier PJ (2008). "The mGlu(4) receptor allosteric modulator N-phenyl-7-(hydroxyimino)cyclopropa[b]chromen-1a-carboxamide acts as a direct agonist at mGlu(6) receptors". European journal of pharmacology. 589 (1-3): 49–52. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.06.054. PMID 18593581. 
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