Smoothened

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Smoothened homolog (Drosophila)
Identifiers
SymbolsSMO; Gx; SMOH
External IDsOMIM601500 MGI108075 HomoloGene4115 IUPHAR: SMO GeneCards: SMO Gene
RNA expression pattern
250px
More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez6608319757
EnsemblENSG00000128602n/a
UniProtQ99835n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)NM_005631NM_176996
RefSeq (protein)NP_005622NP_795970
Location (UCSC)Chr 7:
128.62 - 128.64 Mb
n/a
PubMed search[1][2]

Smoothened is a G protein-coupled receptor[1] protein encoded by the SMO gene of the hedgehog pathway conserved from flies to humans. It is the molecular target of the teratogen cyclopamine.[2]

Cellular localization plays an essential role in the function of SMO. Stimulation of the patched receptor by the sonic hedgehog ligand leads to translocation of SMO to the primary cilium. Furthermore, SMO that is mutated in the domain required for ciliary localisation cannot contribute to pathway activation.[3] SMO has also been shown to bind the kinesin motor protein Costal-2 and play a role in the localization of the Ci (Cubitus interruptus transcription factor) complex.[4]

SMO can function as an oncogene. Activating SMO mutations can lead to unregulated activation of the hedgehog pathway and cancer.[5]

File:Signal transduction v1.png
Overview of signal transduction pathways involved in apoptosis.

See also

References

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Further reading

External links

es:Smoothened
  1. Ruiz-Gómez A, Molnar C, Holguín H, Mayor F, de Celis JF (2007). "The cell biology of Smo signalling and its relationships with GPCRs". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1768 (4): 901–12. doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.09.020. PMID 17094938. 
  2. Taipale J, Chen JK, Cooper MK, Wang B, Mann RK, Milenkovic L, Scott MP, Beachy PA (2000). "Effects of oncogenic mutations in Smoothened and Patched can be reversed by cyclopamine". Nature. 406 (6799): 1005–9. doi:10.1038/35023008. PMID 10984056. 
  3. Corbit KC, Aanstad P, Singla V, Norman AR, Stainier DY, Reiter JF (2005). "Vertebrate Smoothened functions at the primary cilium". Nature. 437 (7061): 1018–21. doi:10.1038/nature04117. PMID 16136078. 
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  5. Xie J, Murone M, Luoh SM, Ryan A, Gu Q, Zhang C, Bonifas JM, Lam CW, Hynes M, Goddard A, Rosenthal A, Epstein EH, de Sauvage FJ (1998). "Activating Smoothened mutations in sporadic basal-cell carcinoma". Nature. 391 (6662): 90–2. doi:10.1038/34201. PMID 9422511.