Dopamine receptor D3

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Dopamine receptor D3
Identifiers
SymbolsDRD3; D3DR; ETM1; FET1; MGC149204; MGC149205
External IDsOMIM: 126451 MGI: 94925 HomoloGene: 623 IUPHAR: D3 GeneCards: DRD3 Gene
RNA expression pattern
250px
250px
More reference expression data
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez181413490
EnsemblENSG00000151577ENSMUSG00000022705
UniProtP35462Q0VEC4
RefSeq (mRNA)NM_000796NM_007877
RefSeq (protein)NP_000787NP_031903
Location (UCSC)Chr 3:
115.33 - 115.38 Mb		Chr 16:
43.68 - 43.74 Mb
PubMed search[1][2]

D(3) dopamine receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DRD3 gene.[1][2]

This gene encodes the D3 subtype of the dopamine receptor. The D3 subtype inhibits adenylyl cyclase through inhibitory G-proteins. This receptor is expressed in phylogenetically older regions of the brain, suggesting that this receptor plays a role in cognitive and emotional functions. It is a target for drugs which treat schizophrenia, drug addiction, and Parkinson's disease. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants that would encode different isoforms, although some variants may be subject to nonsense-mediated decay (NMD).[2]

D3 agonists like 7-OH-DPAT, pramipexole, and rotigotine, among others, display antidepressant effects in rodent models of depression.[3][4]

Ligands

Numerous non-selective prescription drugs bind to the D3 receptor, notably including some of the newer dopamine agonists used for Parkinson's disease such as pramipexole and ropinirole, but these also bind to D2 and lack the strong receptor type and subtype selectivity that some of the following research compounds afford:

Agonists

  • 8-OH-PBZI (cis-8-Hydroxy-3-(n-propyl)-1,2,3a,4,5,9b-hexahydro-1H-benz[e]indole)
  • PF-219,061 ((R)-3-(4-Propylmorpholin-2-yl)phenol): >1000-fold functional (efficiacy) selectivity over D2[5]
  • compound R,R-16: 250x binding selectivity over D2[6]
  • trans-N-{4-[4-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]cyclohexyl}-3-methoxybenzamide, full agonist, > 200-fold binding selectivity over D4, D2, 5-HT1A, and α1-receptors[7]
  • (-)-7-{[2-(4-Phenylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl]propylamino}-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol[8]
  • BP-897: partial agonist [9]
  • FAUC 73
  • FAUC 460: partial agonist, outstanding affinity and selectivity[10]
  • FAUC 346: partial agonist, subtype selective[11]
  • PD-128,907
  • compound 12: partial agonist, Ki = 0.41nM, 800x binding selectivity over D2[12]
  • piribedil[13]

Antagonists

  • [14]
  • FAUC 365, silent antagonist, subtype selective[11]
  • compound 29 [15]
  • Nafadotride
  • NGB-2904[16]
  • SB-277011-A, selective D3 antagonist, 80x selectivity over D2 with no partial agonist effects, used in drug addiction research as a potential therapy for addiction to several different drugs
File:D3 ligands.png
Chemical structures of selective D3 receptor ligands.


Interactions

Dopamine receptor D3 has been shown to interact with CLIC6[17] and EPB41L1.[18]

See also

References

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Further reading

External links

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This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

Class A: Rhodopsin like
α1 (A, B, D) · α2 (A, B, C) · β1 · β2 · β3
Adenosine (A1, A2A, A2B, A3) · P2Y (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)
(all but 5-HT3) 5-HT1 (A, B, D, E, F) · 5-HT2 (A, B, C) · 5-HT (4, 5A, 6, 7)
Other
Acetylcholine (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) · Dopamine (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5) · Histamine (H1, H2, H3, H4) · Melatonin (1A, 1B, 1C) · TAAR (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9)
Metabolites and
signaling molecules
CysLT (1, 2) · LTB4 (1, 2) · FPRL1 · OXE · Prostaglandin (DP (1, 2), EP (1, 2, 3, 4), FP) · Prostacyclin · Thromboxane
Other
Bile acid · Cannabinoid (CB1, CB2, GPR (18, 55, 119)) · EBI2 · Estrogen · Free fatty acid (1, 2, 3, 4) · Lactate  · Lysophosphatidic acid (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)  · Lysophospholipid (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) · Niacin (1, 2) · Oxoglutarate · PAF · Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) · Succinate
Peptide
B/W (1, 2) · FF (1, 2) · S · Y (1, 2, 4, 5) · Neuromedin (B, U (1, 2)) · Neurotensin (1, 2)
Other
Miscellaneous
GPR (1, 3, 4, 6, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39, 42, 44, 45, 50, 52, 55, 61, 62, 63, 65, 68, 75, 77, 78, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 92, 101, 103, 109A, 109B, 119, 120, 132, 135, 137B, 139, 141, 142, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 160, 161, 162, 171, 173, 174, 176, 177, 182, 183)
Other
Class B: Secretin like
GPR (56, 64, 97, 98, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 133, 143, 144, 155, 157)
Other
Class C: Metabotropic
glutamate / pheromone
TAS1R (1, 2, 3) · TAS2R (1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 19, 20, 30, 31, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 50)
Other
Class F:
Frizzled / Smoothened
Frizzled
Frizzled (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
Smoothened
pt:Receptor D3 de dopamina
  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Entrez Gene: DRD3 dopamine receptor D3". 
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  5. ↑ Blagg J, Allerton CM, Batchelor DV, Baxter AD, Burring DJ, Carr CL, Cook AS, Nichols CL, Phipps J, Sanderson VG, Verrier H, Wong S (2007). "Design and synthesis of a functionally selective D3 agonist and its in vivo delivery via the intranasal route". Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 17 (24): 6691–6. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.10.059. PMID 17976986. 
  6. ↑ Peglion JL, Poitevin C, La Cour CM, Dupuis D, Millan MJ (2009). "Modulations of the amide function of the preferential dopamine D3 agonist (R,R)-S32504: Improvements of affinity and selectivity for D3 versus D2 receptors". Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 19 (8): 2133–8. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.015. PMID 19324548. 
  7. ↑ Leopoldo M, Lacivita E, Colabufo NA, Berardi F, Perrone R (2006). "Synthesis and binding profile of constrained analogues of N-[4-(4-arylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl]-3-methoxybenzamides, a class of potent dopamine D3 receptor ligands". J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 58 (2): 209–18. doi:10.1211/jpp.58.2.0008. PMID 16451749. 
  8. ↑ Biswas S, Zhang S, Fernandez F, Ghosh B, Zhen J, Kuzhikandathil E, Reith ME, Dutta AK (2008). "Further structure-activity relationships study of hybrid 7-{[2-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl]propylamino}-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol analogues: identification of a high-affinity D3-preferring agonist with potent in vivo activity with long duration of action". J. Med. Chem. 51 (1): 101–17. doi:10.1021/jm070860r. PMID 18072730. 
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  10. ↑ Dörfler M, Tschammer N, Hamperl K, Hübner H, Gmeiner P (2008). "Novel D3 selective dopaminergics incorporating enyne units as nonaromatic catechol bioisosteres: synthesis, bioactivity, and mutagenesis studies". J. Med. Chem. 51 (21): 6829–38. doi:10.1021/jm800895v. PMID 18834111. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Bettinetti L, Schlotter K, Hübner H, Gmeiner P (2002). "Interactive SAR studies: rational discovery of super-potent and highly selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonists and partial agonists". J. Med. Chem. 45 (21): 4594–7. doi:10.1021/jm025558r. PMID 12361386. 
  12. ↑ Chen J, Collins GT, Zhang J; et al. (2008). "Design, synthesis, and evaluation of potent and selective ligands for the dopamine 3 (D3) receptor with a novel in vivo behavioral profile". J. Med. Chem. 51 (19): 5905–8. doi:10.1021/jm800471h. PMC 2662387 Freely accessible. PMID 18785726. 
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  14. ↑ Newman AH, Grundt P, Cyriac G; et al. (2009). "N-(4-(4-(2,3-Dichloro- or 2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)heterobiarylcarboxamides with Functionalized Linking Chains as High Affinity and Enantioselective D3 Receptor Antagonists ( parallel) ( perpendicular)". J. Med. Chem. 52 (8): 2559. doi:10.1021/jm900095y. PMC 2760932 Freely accessible. PMID 19331412. 
  15. ↑ Grundt P, Carlson EE, Cao J; et al. (2005). "Novel heterocyclic trans olefin analogues of N-{4-[4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]butyl}arylcarboxamides as selective probes with high affinity for the dopamine D3 receptor". J. Med. Chem. 48 (3): 839–48. doi:10.1021/jm049465g. PMID 15689168. 
  16. ↑ Xi ZX, Gardner EL (2007). "Pharmacological actions of NGB 2904, a selective dopamine D3 receptor antagonist, in animal models of drug addiction". CNS Drug Reviews. 13 (2): 240–59. doi:10.1111/j.1527-3458.2007.00013.x. PMID 17627675. 
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' not found.
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